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Abstract: In the near-century since the publication of The Bridge (1930), Hart Crane has been widely recognized as the poet of urban modernity, or, in his own words, as a "suitable Pindar for the dawn of the machine age."1 He has been acclaimed as celebrant and critic, by turn, of America's myth of itself and as a pioneer cartographer of the queer spaces of the modern metropolis.2 Paradoxically, perhaps, it is his rendering of the late nineteenthcentury Brooklyn Bridge (designed by John Roebling, started in 1869 and opened in 1883), which has been taken as central to his vision of early twentieth-century America's tensile complexity. I don't demur from this position; but I do argue that for Crane it was not only the Bridge ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: "I feel foolish sending you odd leericks—leeriques''—now and then, & receiving your deferred silent opinions in answer. I get you—but funny, I can't help feeling specifically what you once said generally that there's something to 'em.""On Generation of drivers: you feel it breaks. Certainly not untrue—I thought it a sort of lyric leap, but perhaps I'm wrong.""I wanted to speak for and with all those foremothers and my granddaughters too, my sisters, my frenemies. Because the lyric contains atemporality, enigma, and corporeality, it felt like the most apt vehicle for my work, and this is at the very core of my poetics."In her "Poetics Statement" for a recent anthology, Carmen Giménez Smith provides a succinct ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The alien, impenetrable character of Franz Kafka's fiction is well known and frequently remarked. Kafka confronts the reader with inexplicable situations, like the famous opening of The Trial (1925), or adds to starkly realist portrayals implausible and surreal elements, such as the metamorphosis of a member of a typical bourgeois household into a giant bug. This tension between realist narration and a pervasive sense of unknowability most distinguishes the Kafkan form. The enigma of Kafka persists, his sphinxlike literature still awaiting a solution to the riddle it first posed a century ago. Owing in part to this inscrutability, Kafka's work has figured as the privileged object of a philosophical tradition that ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: "I'd like to know what sort of trading isn't a swindle in its way."On November 24, 1884, twenty-four-year-old Anton Chekhov entered the newly renovated Ekaterininsky Hall at the Kremlin Palace to attend the trial of Ivan Rykov and his banking company. Hired as a correspondent by the prestigious Petersburg Gazette, Chekhov covered the most notorious bank fraud in the history of nineteenth-century Russia—the Rykov affair, or as The Nation called it, "the Great Russian Bank Swindle."1 Although the spectacular collapse of the bank took place in the small provincial town of Skopin in Ryazan Oblast, the bank's director, Ivan Rykov, and his pyramid scheme quickly became the talk of all Russia. The scope of the Skopin ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This article explores the form and composure, countenance, or cramp of the "human," as it is implicated in the other, notably the insect.1 In the resulting formation—homme-insecte—the insectile, often associated with that which slips, with the trace or, in Lacanian terminology, the stain of absolute difference, is deployed as radical departure from such movements to instead operate as a dream of armoring. It accrues consistency and form, in other words, and, rather than indicative of a becoming, it renders a fantasy of being, more specifically the fantasy of the insect body. The designation "homme-insecte" derives from Joyce Cheng's article on surrealism's engagement with mimetic metamorphosis, which, among others ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Sylvia Plath often walked during the final years of her life from her London flat at 3 Chalcot Square, and later 23 Fitzroy Road, to the BBC Broadcasting House to record the poems that would make her name.1 On one those trips, she must have noticed the sculptures adorning the building: Eric Gill's Prospero and Ariel, Ariel between Wisdom and Gaiety, Ariel Hearing Celestial Music, and Ariel Piping to a Group of Children. When first commissioned to procure the sculptures in 1932, Gill mused on the pun, "very clever of the BBC to hit on the idea, ariel and aerial. Ha! ha!"2 Just four years later, the BBC selected The Tempest's musical air spirit, a personification of new radio broadcast technology, for the title of ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In 1902, Major William Sutherland, a Civil Surgeon of the Indian Medical Service, wrote an expert opinion for the Indian Medical Gazette on the ethnological and medico-legal aspects of Indian crime, a "subject to which he devoted the most virile years of his life."1 In this study, derived from his practice in a district town in central India, Sutherland presented numerous medical cases of rape, abortion, and underage sex that prosecutors could consider as instructive while conducting future criminal trials. He included one that challenged medical orthodoxy that the infallible bodily signs of "passive paederasty" or anal penetration were "sodomitic wound[s]" shaped like a triangle/funnel.2 For Sutherland, the ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Rudyard Kipling became a car enthusiast and a member of those "early, intrepid—some called them mad—automobilists" in the last years of the 1890s when motoring was still in its infancy.1 The motorcar, a term coined by Frederick Simms after he bought the British rights to the Daimler patents in 1893, was prohibitively expensive and notoriously unreliable (Richardson, British Motor Industry, 14).2 Its open top, hand operated cranks, explosive vibrations, constant breakdowns, and unprotected exposure to wind, dust, and rough roads made for a challenging driving experience. But the car also offered unprecedented mobility, fast speed, and individual control. Its roaring energy and "poetry o' Motion" promised to ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Do not think of a man with a blue guitar. The paradoxes of that sentence contain in brief all the problems of literary color: the inescapability of color as an immediate sense memory (we must think of the blue guitar); the textuality of color words (we think not of blue but of "blue guitar"); the subjectivity of color sensation and recollection (no one thinks of the same blue); the secondary quality of color for philosophy and physics since Locke (the blue as a quality of the guitar, not a thing in itself); the way that words for color both mediate and transmit a textual history (we think immediately of "the man with the blue guitar" in Wallace Stevens); the dialogue between writing and the visual arts (despite ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In the fall of 2021, the Newberry Library's exhibit Chicago Avant-Garde: Five Women Ahead of Their Time considered the lives and contributions of five extraordinary women in midcentury Chicago: Gertrude Abercrombie, Gwendolyn Brooks, Katherine Dunham, Katherine Kuh, and Ruth Page. In the book that accompanies the exhibit, Liesl Olson charts the contributions of perhaps the least visible of this quintet, Kuh: "Kuh's relationship to modern art, which was also a relationship to modern artists, underlies an important distinction of the avant-gardists in Chicago. Their art was personal; it was tied up in their communities, in the politics of the period, and in the place of its making" (48). Kuh did not make art herself ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Robert A. Davidson begins The Hotel: Occupied Space, his study of the hotel from the nineteenth century to the present day, by noting that the hotel has been largely overlooked and undertheorized as a modern space. This is a claim to which I am deeply sympathetic and for which I have long and loudly beat the drum myself. But both Davidson and I may soon find our complaints carry less conviction, as a steady stream of publications on the topic continues to appear and to develop this fascinating and important area of study. Davidson, a professor of Spanish and Catalan at the University of Toronto, has written a work that spans several fields, from art and architectural history to cultural and urban studies to film ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The last few years have witnessed the loss of a handful of longstanding and influential Black publications. The Chicago Defender ceased its print publication in 2019 (but remains online) and the Johnson Publishing Company—publishers of Jet and (until 2016) Ebony—was liquidated in the same year. These legendary publishers left a profound legacy on African American print culture and these recent changes have occasioned many eulogies and prompted more consideration of the influential history of twentieth-century Black publishing. While there is a rich tradition of scholarship on African American periodicals in the nineteenth century—from abolitionist newspapers and religious journals to international publications and ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Virginia Woolf may have thought back through her mothers—and her aunts, cousins, and other kin, both biological and cultural—but she was not always willing to admit it. In this rich, wide-ranging, and thoroughly researched study, Mary Jean Corbett unravels Woolf's complicated relationship to the older generation of women to whom she was indebted. For, as Corbett shows, while Woolf constructed an unbridgeable gulf between her old-fashioned "Victorian" foremothers and a younger generation of modernist intellectuals, the reality was that both "factions" more often than not occupied the same spaces and grappled with the same issues, although their means of approaching them differed. While scholars are aware that ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: For European modernist music, the shock of the new was often registered as a collective experience on the occasion of a work's first performance. Built into our sense of the significance of early twentieth-century works like Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring or Richard Strauss's Salomé are the stories of their visceral and disorienting effects on listeners who had never before heard anything like them. But what these stories typically leave out, and implicitly devalue, is what happens after the concert, as the audience begins to discuss and make sense of what they have heard. Exerting particular influence on these conversations in the early 1900s were the army of professional music critics whose ranks and importance ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Filthy Material: Modernism and the Media of Obscenity enters an already rich scholarly field on modernism and obscenity and succeeds in providing new context, a wider swath of primary texts to consider, and a pleasurable array of insights that establishes the field anew. Through Filthy Material, Chris Forster argues that obscenity is a fungible category of ascription best understood as a media crime. Literary modernism, often characterized by its obscenity battles, should be understood not as a set of literary texts in which ideas about sex and sexuality battle for hegemony, Forster argues, but rather as a series of struggles and recontextualizations of the meaning of the literary at a moment when multiple ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Douglas Mao's Inventions of Nemesis is a brilliant, erudite, and transformative interpretation of utopia as an exercise in justice. The book's main claims can be stated succinctly. Utopia, Mao argues, is the form of thought that issues from indignation at a wrong arrangement of things, where "wrong" has both an aesthetic and an ethical meaning; this indignation takes the form of a nemesis against the current order or nomos, and it seeks to establish an alternative world (a new nomos) in which the wrongness has been set right—in which things have been well-ordered and can thus provide all persons what is due them. Among the many strengths of the book is the exhilarating freshness of these insights: as Mao rightly ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In 1924, when Dorothy Eugénie Brett traveled to Taos, New Mexico, with D. H. and Frieda Lawrence, she carried a flat tin ear trumpet. Brett was a Bloomsbury acolyte of aristocratic British extraction who attended the Slade School of Art and whose mystical paintings of Native Americans would later be acquired by the Tate and Smithsonian museums. She gave her ear trumpet a boyish name, Toby, and used him to aid her in conversations as her hearing declined. Brett and Toby appear together in her 1925 Self-Portrait. When Brett embraced new electronic listening devices later in life, D. H. Lawrence complained that her "machines" were an unnatural impediment to conversation—"I cannot think of anything to say to a black ... Read More PubDate: 2022-05-10T00:00:00-05:00
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