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African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review
Number of Followers: 16

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ISSN (Print) 2156-695X - ISSN (Online) 2156-7263
Published by Indiana University Press

[26 journals]

A Comprehensive Path to Peace in Sudan
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  Abstract: Sudan has a long history of conflict and peace negotiation endeavors. The Peace Agreements Database compiled by the University of Edinburgh lists more than sixty peace accords concluded only under the rule of Omar al-Bashir (1989–2019), the former president, whose ouster during the 2018–19 Sudanese Revolution ushered the country’s ongoing political transition. This averages two agreements per year, making Sudan a perfect laboratory for a scientific inquiry on peace agreements. This high frequency mirrors the large number of conflicts that have afflicted Sudan’s vast territory since independence in 1956. It also reflects Bashir’s dubious strategy of favoring agreements with splinter groups in order to fragment armed ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
Forging the Juba Peace agreement: The Role of National, Regional, and
International Actors
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  Abstract: For most of its postcolonial history, Sudan was in a state of conflict. The country’s postcolonial history is one of durable disorder (Sørbø and Ahmed 2013). The peak of this disorder was the secession of South Sudan in July 2011 and the continuity of war in Darfur. Long before the secession of South Sudan, the country went through continuous and protracted violent conflicts, civil wars, unstable political regimes, and an alternation of military coups and short-lived multiparty democracies. Between 1956 and 2019, Sudan had three short democratic governments (1956–58, 1964–69, and 1986–89) and long military dictatorships (1958–64, 1969–85, and 1989–2019). The ascendance of the National Islamic Front to power in June ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
A Legal Analysis of the Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan and its Darfur
Component
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  Abstract: The Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan (Juba Peace Agreement or JPA) is a comprehensive, multilevel, and multitrack peace deal that seeks to end the multiple civil conflicts that have afflicted Sudan in recent decades. Signed in the capital of South Sudan on October 3, 2020, between the transitional government of Sudan and most of the country’s rebel movements, the agreement comprehensively addresses the root causes and consequences of conflict. It includes plans to reshape all levels of governance in Sudan and presents solutions that are tailored to the specific problems of the different regional tracks through which the deal was negotiated. As such, the Juba Peace Agreement lies at the heart of a wide reform ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
Transitional Justice Provisions in the Juba Peace Agreement: A Critical
and Prospective Overview
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  Abstract: Transitional justice (TJ) questions often arise in two critical circumstances: when dealing with massive human rights violations committed during an armed conflict; or past abuses of authoritarian regimes (Gready and Robins 2020; Huyse 2013). Sudan qualifies on both counts, having experienced decades of armed conflicts and thirty years of repressive rule under President Omar al-Bashir. This fatal combination of conflicts and repression was marked by impunity for indiscriminate attacks and killing of civilians, sexual and gender-based violence, looting or arson of civilian property, arbitrary detention, and torture (FIDH 2019). Since the outbreak of the Darfur conflict in 2003, approximately 300,000 deaths and 2.5 ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
A Critical Assessment of Reparations for Victims of Human Rights
Violations in Darfur vis-à-vis International Standards
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  Abstract: Since the first major outburst of conflict in 2003, different observers have reported and denounced several violations of human rights in Darfur. The International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (ICID), pursuant to the UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1564 of September 18, 2004, affirmed that violations of international human rights law (IHRL) and international humanitarian law (IHL) occurred, such as the perpetration by government forces and militias of “indiscriminate attacks, including the killing of civilians, torture, enforced disappearances, destruction of villages, rape and other forms of sexual violence, pillaging and forced displacement, throughout Darfur” (ICID 2005, 3). Moreover, due to their ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
Tokens of Peace' Women’s Representation in the Juba Peace
Process
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  Abstract: UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1325 emphasizes the participation of women in peacebuilding. Despite the growing international awareness that women’s inclusion strengthens the legitimacy of peace processes and fosters durable peace, they remain largely excluded from formal peace negotiations (Krause, Krause, and Bränfors 2018; Tripp 2021). Exclusion of women from the peace table represents the historical trend in Sudan, including in the most recent Juba peace talks that culminated in the Juba Peace Agreement (JPA) in 2020. Women gained 10 percent representation in the official negotiations thanks to women’s movement mobilization, after their initial complete exclusion (Sudanese Women Rights Action 2020). With ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
The Juba Peace Agreement and the Protection of Displaced Persons: Between
Regional Migratory Routes and IDP Camps
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  Abstract: An urgent and critical element of the 2020 Juba Peace Agreement (JPA) lies in its commitment to providing durable solutions to the plight of displaced Sudanese populations. This article discusses the JPA’s provisions relating to displaced persons from Darfur, examining the potential impacts, prospects, gaps, and challenges. The significance of this article lies in the fact that it focuses on people who have suffered systematic and persistent marginalization by successive regimes in Khartoum. Hosting some nine million people, more than 20 percent of Sudan’s total population, Darfur is also of significance to national and international politics and could determine whether Sudan will achieve a lasting peace or relapse ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
Land, Natural Resources, and Environmental Protection in the Juba Peace
Agreement
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  Abstract: Sudan is prone to a host of environmental stresses and was ranked as the fifth country most vulnerable to climate change globally in 2019.1 Sudan is subject to generally scarce and highly variable rainfall, which is projected to become even more unpredictable in the future; it has experienced devastating droughts, the frequency of which is increasing, together with that of other extreme weather-and climate-related events such as floods; and it is threatened by rising temperatures and sea levels (USAID 2016). These phenomena have contributed to or interacted with issues such as the overexploitation of and competition over natural resources and land (in a country where agriculture represents approximately 30 percent ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
An Appraisal of the Juba Peace Agreement Monitoring and Implementation
Mechanisms
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  Abstract: Recent practice confirms that the real impact of the implementation mechanism of peace agreements is dependent on several internal and external factors. These include the composition of the structures devoted to monitoring, overseeing, and implementing the peace process; the general political conditions existing in the interested countries; the level of support from the populations concerned; the existence of strong interests (political, economic, cultural, etc.) at the national level to support or boycott the peace agreement; and the overall interest of the international community to the timely implementation of the peace process.Scholars largely agree that “the sustainability of any peace accord depends on the ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
Local, National, and International Actors and the Implementation of the
Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan: The Effects of Ethnicity
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  Abstract: Political sociology allows us to perceive peace agreements in terms of an interplay between the social and the political, whereby the political encompasses politics, polity, policy, citizenship and power, and the social intersects this ethos with socialization, social structure, social actors and action, and culture (Nash 2000). Peace agreements are both discursive because their provisions are primarily put on paper and factual because they must be subsequently implemented in order to achieve actual peace. The 2020 JPA is arguably a political and social enterprise since it is composed of these sociopolitical aspects and because we consider its effective implementation a political and social responsibility. We merge ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
The 2020 Juba Peace Agreement: A Critical Analysis of the Building Blocks
for Democratic Elections in Sudan
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  Abstract: Several scholars have discussed the intricate nexus between democratization and postwar reconstruction (Bah 2020; Barnes 2001; Haass 2021; Hartzell and Hoddie 2020; Kinsella and Rousseau 2008; Ottaway 2003; Pereira Watts 2016). With specific regard to the role of elections in conflict transition, scientific discourse reveals four leading schools of thought. The first hinges on the theory of democratic peace, which broadly establishes a correlation between democracy and peacefulness (Imai and Lo 2021; Kant 1795). According to Aila M. Matanock (2017) post-conflict elections promote multiple goals, including war termination and democratization. Thus, they have become the main entry point for the (re)establishment of ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
Economic Prospects and Challenges for Sudan After the Juba Peace
Agreement: The Role of Development Endeavors in Promoting Peacebuilding
and Community Stabilization in Darfur
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  Abstract: Auguste Comte, in Course on Positive Philosophy, claims that “all human progress, political, moral, or intellectual, is inseparable from material progression, in virtue of the close interconnection which . . . characterizes the natural course of social phenomena” (1875, 98). This notion of a connection between a rising living standard and human progress flourished during the Enlightenment and will constitute, in medias res, the basis of this article’s analysis of the peacebuilding-development nexus with reference to Sudan’s transition and in the framework of the Juba Peace Agreement (hereinafter Juba Agreement or JPA). In this article, development will be considered primarily as economic growth while peacebuilding ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
A New Security Model for Darfur: Between DDR, Integration, and a Joint
Security Keeping Force
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  Abstract: The political, economic, social, humanitarian, and security situation in Sudan continues to face challenges despite the recent progress in political negotiations for peace. The country suffers from an eleven-year economic crisis that set in with the separation of South Sudan and loss of oil revenues in 2011. Gross domestic product (GDP) fell from a peak of $66.4 billion in 2011 to $33.6 billion by 2019. The Central Bank of Sudan indicates a trade deficit of $5.2 billion for the same year, or 15.5 percent of GDP. The outlook is bleak due to downside risks, including political uncertainty, vulnerability to climate change, and external shocks, notably weak global growth, trade tensions, and tighter international ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00
The Juba Peace Agreement in the Context of The Sudanese
Constitution-Making Continuum
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  Abstract: In the aftermath of the 2019 Sudanese Revolution, which was characterized by strong political struggles and violence, the people of Sudan began a process aimed at adopting a Constitution for Sudan, establishing Sudan as a constitutional democracy, and at reaching internal peace. Within this context, this briefing paper investigates the legal aspects of the Sudanese transition to a constitutional democracy, focusing on both the role of the 2019 Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Period (Transitional Constitutional Charter or TCC) in facilitating the peace process and the impact of the 2020 Juba Peace Agreement (JPA) on the drafting of a new constitution and on the new balance of power in Sudan. In so ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-10-23T00:00:00-05:00