Authors:Sandeep Saharan, Anju Poonia, Sachin, Amit Kumar, Maneesh Sharma, Deepak Kumar Tiwari Pages: 1 - 4 Abstract: An eight and five years old intact male dogs presented with the history of straining, licking and scooting in the perianal region. This was noticed about five and two months respectively, prior presentation. Clinical examination revealed a circumscribed mass of 2 cm diameter in the Rottweiler dog and 7 cm in the non-descript dog in the perianal region. Haemato-biochemical parameters showed relative neutrophillia and anemia whereas survey radiography of lateral thorax revealed no metastasis. Surgical resection of the mass was done under general anesthesia. Histopathology revealed the growths as perianal adenoma. There was no reoccurrence, during the three months follow up of both dogs post surgery. PubDate: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6758 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Asha Biradar, Prabhuling Tevari, G B Lokesh, Devendra Beeraladinni, Shivanand Kammar Pages: 5 - 12 Abstract: The present study aims to analyze the extent of credit availment from different sources for grape cultivation and value addition in Vijayapura district, which is having the highest area under grape cultivation in Karnataka state. As the grape requires high maintenance expenses, its economic analysis is of great importance in its present status. The primary data was collected from 90 respondent grape farmers in the study area. The finding of the study revealed that the majority of the sample farmers (40%) have availed of short-term credit from commercial banks, followed by RRBs (36.66%), and cooperative banks/societies (23.34%) for grape cultivation. In contrast, for raisin-making activities, only 35 respondent farmers have availed themselves of additional non-institutional sources of credit, and the other 55 sample farmers were self-funding. Among the non-institutional sources, 57.15 per cent of the sample farmers borrowed loans from friends and relatives, while 42.85 per cent used moneylenders as a source of non-institutional credit for raisin-making purposes. All the sample farmers in the study area borrowed an average of ₹ 1,46,883 per acre from institutional sources for grape cultivation and the overall recovery rate for institutional sources was 83.81 per cent. The average amount of credit borrowed from moneylenders and friends or relatives by the sample farmers in the study area was ₹ 1,67,372 and the recovery rate was 59.32 per cent. The results indicated that the majority of farmers taking a loan from institutional sources for grape cultivation and for the raisin-making again obtained loans from non-institutional sources despite the higher interest rates since the credit quantity obtained from institutional sources was insufficient for both grape production and value addition (raisin making). To encourage this type of small-scale industry in rural areas, the government should devise special programmes that encourage farmers to engage in value-added activities. PubDate: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6759 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Mayank Mani Tripathi, Mayank Srivastava, Amrendra Kumar, Utkarsh Singh, Rupali Singh, Arpit Singh Pages: 13 - 20 Abstract: This field research was carried out on a potato crop of the cultivar Kufri Lalit in the Rabi season of 2021–2022. at research farm of TCA, Dholi (Muzaffarpur), Bihar13 treatments and 3 replications were used in this experiment's randomised block design. The experimental location had a sandy loam texture, a reaction pH of 8.47 that is alkaline a low organic carbon content of 0.43%, and accessible N (223 kg ha-1). However, P (16.95 kg ha-1) and K (131.46 kg ha-1) availability is moderate. The varying levels of key nutrients had a substantial impact on all growth and yield parameters, including percent emergence, plant height, shoot and leaf number plant-1, dry matter accumulation, tuber bulking rate and yield. Among all treatments, treatment T10 (240N, 120P2O5 and 150K2O kg ha-1) recorded highest per cent emergence (94.00 %), plant's height (44.27), shoot's number plant-1 (5.60), leave's number plant-1 (56.30), tuber yield (26.53 t ha‑1) and treatment T10 also recorded statistically at par with treatment T6. PubDate: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6760 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Imran Hussain, Ayub Ali, Imtiaz Ahmed, Rinku Gogoi, Jiten Sarma, Rajdeep Dutta, Sheetala Chintey Pages: 21 - 36 Abstract: The present study on fish diversity, assemblages, water quality and conservation status of Subansiri river, Assam was conducted for a period of one year in the mainstream. Altogether 55 fish species belonging to 42 genera, 24 families and 10 orders were recorded from the river. The largest group Cypriniformes contributed 3 families (12.50%), 15 genera (35.71%) and 20 species (36.36%). As per IUCN conservation status, 51 (92.72%) species were recorded as Least Concern, 2 (3.64%) species under near threatened, 1 (1.82%) species under vulnerable and 1 (1.82%) species under endangered category. The mean value with regard to Physico-chemical parameters of river Subansiri was moderate. The Bray-Curtis similarity prepared for river Subansiri showed the highest similarity between stations 2 and 3 in the pre-monsoon season. The CCA analysis indicates that alkalinity, TDS, temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency and velocity are the most important parameters influencing the fish distribution and assemblage in the river. PubDate: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6761 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Abhigyan Rajkhowa, Monimala Saikia, Dipankar Brahma, Nilav Ranjan Bora, Rimpi Rani Saikia, Pankaj Lushan Dutta, Indrani Nath Pages: 37 - 47 Abstract: Communication involves the systematic and symbolic exchange of information between entities. In insects, the most significant form of communication occurs between members of the same species. Silkworms primarily utilize pheromones for communication. Bombykol, the sex pheromone released by the female silk moth Bombyx mori, was first extracted by Adolf Butenandt. The biosynthesis of bombykol occurs in the pheromone gland, where various enzymes and genes participate in the biosynthesis process through an influx of extracellular Ca2+. Bombykol-sensitive ORNs are located on the antennae of male moths, which perceive the bombykol released by female moths. These ORNs are so sensitive that even a single pheromone molecule can generate an electric signal in the male moth. Once the male moth detects the bombykol molecule, the Pheromone Binding Protein plays a crucial role in enabling it to bind to the receptor without disruption. Mori, B. The substance is rapidly eliminated from its receptor site and rendered inactive by phenomenol-degrading enzymes and alcohol oxidase genes. Numerous studies and tests conducted on B. mori's sex pheromone have yielded important insights into the molecular and genetic aspects for the chemical interactions with male and female silkworms, which including the synthesis, behavioral reaction, and the perception of bombykol. PubDate: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6762 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Janaína Moraes Cardim, Diana Martins Santos, Elisangela Carneiro Quaresma, Leandro Franklim Silva Da Silva, Regina Dos Santos Silva, Renata Dos Santos Silva, Paulo Dias Rodrigues Junior, Sandriele Mougo Monteiro, Daniele Salgado, Vitor Hugo Auzier Lima Pages: 48 - 57 Abstract: Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular pathology that occurs when the piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve, causing it to become irritated. The piriformis muscle is located in the gluteal region and originates in the anterior part of the sacrum, so piriformis syndrome is characterized by pain in the gluteal region, which can radiate to the lower limbs, being confused with symptoms of other pathologies such as herniated discs and sciatica. Piriformis syndrome can occur due to various factors, including muscle spasms, trauma, anatomical abnormalities and excessive activity. The main symptoms of this pathology include unilateral pain in the gluteal region which can radiate to the lower limb, causing muscle weakness and numbness in the affected lower limb. Diagnosing this condition is challenging, as the symptoms overlap with other musculoskeletal conditions. However, with orthopedic tests and muscle stretches, clinical examinations and imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnosis can be made. Therefore, this syndrome is a condition that can affect the quality of life of affected patients, which is why physiotherapy plays an extremely important role in the treatment of this syndrome through specific therapeutic plans for each patient. This article, therefore, aims to contribute significantly to knowledge of the importance of physiotherapy in the diagnosis and treatment of piriformis syndrome, in a systematic review. PubDate: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6763 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:V. Vijaya Lakshmi, E. Shirin Hima Bindu Pages: 58 - 68 Abstract: The investigation was executed at All India Coordinated Research Project on Women in Agriculture, Post Graduate & Research Centre, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana and the experiment was conducted in Ramchandraguda village in Maheswaram mandal, Rangareddy District, Telangana State. Agricultural workers who use traditional method of fertilizer broadcasting are exposed to a variety of occupational hazards, including musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), fatigue, and increased physiological strain. This research study investigated the physiological and ergonomic effects of using improved fertilizer broadcasters on agricultural workers. The study focused on a diverse range of crops, namely flowers, vegetables, and paddy, grown on red and black soil. A specific area of 20 x 20 square meters was designated for the research, with soil preparation involving tillage and resulting in a loose soil texture without stubbles. The sample consisted of 10 agricultural workers, with a mean age of 35 years and a work experience of approximately 4.2 years. The results of the study indicated that the improved fertilizer broadcaster is less demanding and more ergonomic than the conventional fertilizer broadcaster. Workers reported feeling less fatigued and more comfortable while using the improved fertilizer broadcaster, which could lead to improved productivity and reduced risk of injury. The drudgery index, which is a measure of worker fatigue and discomfort, was also lower when using the improved fertilizer broadcaster. This suggests that the improved fertilizer broadcaster helped to reduce the drudgery of agricultural workers. From the study it was concluded that the improved fertilizer broadcaster is a more sustainable and worker-friendly alternative to the conventional fertilizer broadcaster. PubDate: 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6764 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Dashant R. Dhoriyani, Mahesh R. Prajapati Pages: 69 - 77 Abstract: India emerging as the world's second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables. Farmers who produce agricultural products are spread over distant communities whereas customers live in semi-urban or urban areas. This produce must reach consumers for final usage and consumption. This product passes via various agencies and functionaries before reaching the consumer. The study objective is to identify different marketing channels of Grapes, estimate the price spread and marketing efficiency of identified channels, and identify Problems faced by different stakeholders. Primary data were collected through 60 farmers and 30 intermediaries. A descriptive study design with a non-probability sampling method and purposive sampling technique was employed. Tabular, percentage and Garrett ranking methods were utilized for data analysis to obtain the desired results. From this study, four marketing Channels were found namely Channel I (Farmer – village trader- wholesalers cum commission agents - Retailer - Consumer), Channel II (Farmer – pre-harvest contractor- wholesalers cum commission agents - Retailer - Consumer), Channel III (Farmer -Wholesaler cum commission agent - Retailer – Consumer) and Channel IV (Farmer - Company CC - Company DC - Consumer. Channel III stands out with the highest producer's share in the consumer's rupee (62.43%) and the highest marketing efficiency (1.66). The majority of farmers faced the challenge of high costs incurred for the purchase of inputs and for the transportation of produce. The quality variation was a major problem faced by village traders. Price fluctuation was a major problem faced by pre-harvest contractors. Facing competition from other private players was a major problem for private companies. Quality variation was a major problem for the wholesaler cum commission agent. Retailers' major problems were price fluctuation followed by high transportation costs. PubDate: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6765 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Sheeba Malik, Pramod Kumar Omre, Shreejaya Sivadas Pages: 78 - 84 Abstract: Rice husk, a byproduct of rice milling, represents a significant agricultural waste biomass with untapped potential for various industrial applications. This study provides a comprehensive compositional analysis of rice husk to explore its utility as a valuable resource. The chemical composition of rice husk such as initial moisture content, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, ash and extractives were analyzed. The result reported in mean value i.e 9.884 ±0.56 (%) moisture content, 8.077±0.27 (%) extractives, 17.210 ± 0.69 (%) lignin, 21.073 ± 0.62 (%) hemicellulose and 38.640 ± 0.94 (%) cellulose, 15.0 ±0.87 (%) ash. This study concludes that rice husk is an abundant source of cellulose and holds significant potential for cellulose isolation. PubDate: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6766 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Umesh D. Tamboli, Mahesh R. Prajapati Pages: 85 - 94 Abstract: Pomegranate, scientifically named Punica granatum L., is prized globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions like India, Iran, and Spain. Pomegranate cultivation has surged in India, notably in Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka, with India emerging as a top global producer. In 2020-21, India expanded pomegranate cultivation to 2.88 lakh hectares, yielding 32.70 lakh tonnes. Maharashtra led with 54.89% of national production and 59.38% of cultivated area, underscoring its key role despite slightly lower productivity than the national average. The objectives of the study were to identify different marketing channels of pomegranate, to estimate the price spread and marketing efficiency of identified marketing channels and to identify problems faced by stakeholders. The primary data was collected from 60 Pomegranate farmers and from 30 intermediaries. The study identified four different pomegranate marketing channels. Channel-1 (Producer →Pre-harvest contractor → Wholesaler-cum-commission agent→ Retailer →Consumer), Channel-2 (Producer →Wholesaler-cum-commission agent→ retailer → consumer), Channel-3 (Producer →Collection Center (CC) → Distribution Center (DC) → Consumer), Channel-4 (Producer →Village trader →Wholesaler-cum-commission agent →Retailer → Consumer). Channel-3 providing producers with 69.78% of the consumer price and demonstrating highest efficiency (2.31) for its Acharya-Agarwal marketing efficiency method was used. Pomegranate producers face challenges including high transportation costs, storage issues, price volatility, and market information deficits. Production problems include pest infestations, high input costs, and labor shortages. Intermediaries grapple with quality variation, labor scarcity, and price fluctuations. Strategic interventions in infrastructure, logistics, and market intelligence are crucial for sustainable profitability. PubDate: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6767 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Souta Anjali, V. Vijaya Lakshmi, V. Kavitha Kiran Pages: 95 - 101 Abstract: Having high self-esteem is one of the most important things for any person, especially for the student. It helps them to perform better in academics and to be confident in their academics. This study aims to find the relationship between the self-esteem level and academic performance of undergraduate students. It was conducted on undergraduate students of Hyderabad. The sample size was 30 and the age group of the respondents was between 18-21 years. Exploratory research design was used in the study. Stratified random sampling method was used to collect the samples. Data was collected through interview method and further evaluated by frequency, percentage and correlation method. This study perceived that there is significant positive relationship between self-esteem level and academic performance of the undergraduates. The respondents who were having high self-esteem level were having good academic performance. PubDate: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6768 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Rajkumari Padamini, Pukhram Bhumita, Sanjay Hazarika, Ramesha NM, G R Vishwas Gowda, Kushal Chaturvedi, Chandan Kumar Panigrahi, Rajshree Karanwal Pages: 102 - 116 Abstract: Chitosan is an eco-friendly and multipurpose biopolymer that is obtained from the deacetylation of chitin. It is a polysaccharide with several uses. Chitosan is a useful option in phytopathology because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. Two naturally occurring substances that may be used in agriculture to manage plant diseases are chitin and chitosan. It was found that these compounds are toxic and that they prevent the growth and development of fungi. According to reports, they were effective against viruses, bacteria, and other pests. When host plants are exposed to microbial infections, fragments of chitin and chitosan have been shown to elicit activities that trigger a range of defence responses, such as the accumulation of phytoalexins, pathogen-related (PR) proteins and proteinase inhibitors, lignin synthesis, and callose formation. Thus, the goal of this study is to give the reader current knowledge about the use of chitosan formulations as pest and diseases control tools as well as information about their potential uses. PubDate: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6769 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Jassi Singh, Kunal Adhikary, Vartika Singh, Sudheer Pathak, Divya Pandey Pages: 117 - 127 Abstract: The dragon fruit, has attracted a lot of interest lately due to its eye-catching appearance and exceptional nutritional value. Despite its widespread use, little is known about the ideal circumstances for seed germination and the early stages of growth, such as the length of the seedling shoot, which are critical for the best crop production. By assessing the effects of different growing media on dragon fruit germination and early growth stages, this study seeks to close this gap. The experiment was laid out in the GPB (Genetics & Plant breeding) PG lab, Maxwell block, School of Agriculture (SOAG), ITM University, Gwalior, M.P. during 2024 in Completely Randomized Design with 9 treatments and 4 replications, i.e., T0 (Hydropriming in room temperature at 20-24˚C), T1 (Hydropriming 28˚C), T2 (Sand+ water mixture room temperature 20-24˚C), T3 (Sand+ water mixture in seed germinator 28˚C), T4 (Blotting sheet+ water in room temperature 20-24˚C), T5 (Blotting sheet+ water in seed germinator 28˚C), T6 (Citric acid treatment in room temperature 20-24, T7 (GA3 treatment 100 ppm Seed germinator at 28), T8 (TiO2 NPs 200 ppm Seed germinator at 28 Seeds were sown in petri plates on 26th February, 2024 in seed germinator and room temperature. The highest germination efficiency or percentage with 96.67%, followed by T8 (TiO2 NPs treatment in seed germinator at 28˚C) with 80% and T7 (GA3 treatment in seed germinator at 28˚C) with 78.33%, while T0 (Hydropriming in room temperature at 20-240C) has the lowest germination efficiency or percentage with 8.67%. The significantly highest seedling vigor index was recorded in T6 (Citric acid treatment room temperature at 20-24˚C) with 462.67 followed by T8 (TiO2 NPs treatment in seed germinator at 28˚C) with 353.67 and T7 (GA3 treatment in seed germinator at 28˚C) with 343.57 mg, while lowest seedling vigor index was recorded in T0 (Hydropriming in room temperature at 20-24˚C) with 32.67. PubDate: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6770 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Anant Chaudhari, A.K. Makwana, M.D. Gurjar, K.C. Kamani, M.C. Prajapati Pages: 128 - 139 Abstract: This study investigates the consumption patterns and consumer awareness of cow milk in Anand and Vidyanagar cities. India, as the largest milk producer globally, relies heavily on cow milk, which plays a crucial role in the national economy and rural livelihoods. Unlike other milk options such as goat's milk, cow milk is predominantly consumed due to its widespread availability, affordability, and established preference among Indian households. This research also aims to debunk common myths surrounding cow milk and explore consumer perceptions of special cow milk variants. Through a survey of 200 respondents, the study reveals demographic characteristics, milk consumption habits, and awareness levels regarding cow milk's health benefits. The results show a high prevalence of milk consumption (99%) with a preference for packed milk (67%) and daily consumption (78.5%). However, consumer awareness about cow milk's nutritional content and health benefits was relatively low. The study employs descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and the Karl Pearson Correlation Coefficient to analyze the data, finding no significant association between income and cow milk consumption and education level and cow milk consumption, but a positive correlation between age and milk consumption. The findings underscore the need for increased consumer education on the nutritional benefits of cow milk to enhance informed consumption choices. These insights can guide policymakers and industry stakeholders in designing effective educational campaigns and interventions to promote cow milk, ultimately supporting healthier dietary practices and boosting the dairy sector's growth. PubDate: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6771 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Rajesh C M, Abhishek Jadhav, Manohar K N, Prahlad P Bhat, Rahul Prasad R, Anil K, Pavan V Pages: 140 - 150 Abstract: Adaptive strategies for enhancing climate resilience in agricultural extension services in India, amidst escalating climate challenges. It begins by delineating the profound impacts of altered weather patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and shifting pest and disease dynamics on agricultural practices. The paper then delves into the variety of technological innovations, management practices, and policy interventions currently being implemented to bolster climate resilience. Notably, it highlights the adoption of precision agriculture technologies, climate-smart agricultural tools, and the innovative use of ICT in extension services to provide timely, targeted advice to farmers. On the management front, the paper discusses the significant benefits of crop diversification, advanced water management strategies like rainwater harvesting and drip irrigation, and improved soil health practices, which collectively contribute to a sustainable and resilient agricultural system. Policy and institutional adaptations are also examined, emphasizing the crucial role of supportive policy frameworks, community engagement, and multi-stakeholder partnerships in scaling successful adaptations and ensuring their sustainability. Drawing on international case studies-from Vietnam's effective water management techniques to Zambia's success with crop diversification and the technological advancements in North American agriculture-the review identifies key factors contributing to their success, challenges faced, and the potential for transferring these strategies to the Indian context. Each case study provides insights into overcoming barriers to adoption and highlights the importance of integrating local and scientific knowledge to achieve long-term sustainability. Concludes by stressing the need for a multi-faceted, inclusive approach that aligns with local environmental, cultural, and economic contexts to effectively address the unique challenges posed by climate change to Indian agriculture. PubDate: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6772 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Suchismita Sahu, Santosh Kumar Rout, Ankit Kumar Jena Pages: 151 - 162 Abstract: The present study entitled “Scientific study on the farming practices in ganjam district to comprehend the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and to develop strategies for resistance” was undertaken with a view to evaluate COVID-19's effects on farmers of Ganjam District of Odisha and to suggest them how to overcome such pandemic situation. The study followed purposive and random sampling techniques that were found appropriate and taken to undergo the analysis. The study was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS), Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University Bhubaneswar, between December 2020 and August 2022. For the selection of District, Blocks and Villages covering 120 respondents, information was collected through structured interview schedule and focus group discussion. Suitable tools and techniques used during the analysis to suffice the study need are frequency, percentage, mean score, standard deviation, Person’s coefficient Correlation, T- test, multiple regression was employed for analyzing collected data. The study revealed that majority of the respondents (85%) belong to middle and older group, having the sex ratio of 3:2 male and female. The study revealed that the education of children adversely affected with mean score of 2.625, further it has been observed that the farmers couldn’t ensure expenses on purchase of household materials. The study depicted that quality food consumption, expenditure habit and farming in general have been adversely affected. The banking activities as regard to getting loan, taking banking transactions have also been adversely affected. Several farmers have faced physical, socio-economic, technological and production constraints. In this study, particularly problem in sound sleep, depression, feeling of insecurity, slowdown of supply chain and non-availability of quality inputs for cultivation are the main focus constraints encountered by agriculture. It was also found that to mitigate such situation farmers had opined that the vaccine should be taken regularly and farmer should develop the saving habit for future use. PubDate: 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6773 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Kishor. K. M, I. Krishna Teja, K. Suhasini, M. Shyam Prasad, K. Supriya Pages: 163 - 169 Abstract: Aims: This study typically aims to analyze the multifaceted challenges faced by fishers who are the beneficiaries of the Integrated Fisheries Development Scheme (IFDS) in Khammam District of Telangana. Study Design: Ex-post facto research design was used for the study and revealed the constraints faced by beneficiaries after IFDS. Place and Duration of Study: The study was held in Khammam district of Telangana. In Khammam district top 5 mandals with the highest number of beneficiaries were selected for the study. The study lasts from April to May 2024. Methodology: A three-stage random sampling technique was selected for the study with a sampling population of 120 beneficiaries. A well-structured pretested interview schedule was prepared that includes major constraints faced by respondents regarding socio-economic, marketing, and management challenges they faced after IFDS. The constraints were selected from previous literature. Based on ranks given to the listed constraints by respondents, the ranks were analyzed and conclusive results were drawn by using Garette’s ranking Technique. Results: The prime constraint with higher mean score values identified in these categories are in socio-economic constraints where problems in availing loans and insurance with mean score values of 72.06 and 66.31 respectively. In marketing constraints, Lack of proper market infrastructure (73.31) and Lack of processing facilities (61.61) were observed as major constraints. In management constraints, prime constraints observed were the high cost of material inputs (72) and high labor cost (59.91). Along with these major constraints some minor constraints were also identified in the study. Conclusion: Through a comprehensive examination of these constraints, the study seeks to offer insights that can assist policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders in developing strategies to address the challenges encountered by beneficiaries of IFDS in the Khammam district of Telangana. This could potentially have a significant impact on fish productivity and the livelihood of fishers across the state. PubDate: 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6774 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Yasmin Martins de Sousa, Alessandra Trindade de Moura Felipe, Deisiane da Silva Mesquita Serfaty, Andréa Maria da Silva Luz, Karina Faine Freitas Takeda, Natasha Cristina Oliveira Andrade, Danielle Etienne de Oliveira Bezerra Lima, Camila Carvalho do Vale, Suziane do Socorro dos Santos, Marcela Raíssa Asevedo Dergan, Perla Katheleen Valente Corrêa, Maria de Lourdes Maia de Moraes de Carvalho, Jully Greyce Freitas de Paula Ramalho, Mayara Annanda Oliveira Neves Kimura, Joyce dos Santos Freitas, Bruna Rafaela da Silva Sousa, Daniele Melo Sardinha, Tamires de Nazaré Soares Pages: 170 - 180 Abstract: Cardiac arrhythmias are electrical changes in the heart, causing an increase or decrease in the heartbeat, whether regular or irregular. Atrial Flutter is characterized by increasing atrial rate, and maintains regularity, but affects quality of life and can compromise Hemodynamic stability, treatment can be by Catheter Ablation, an invasive procedure performed in Hemodynamics. The objective of this study was to describe the Nursing Care provided to patients with Atrial Flutter undergoing Catheter Ablation. This is an Integrative Review of the Literature, in the databases: Scielo, BDENF, and Google Scholar in the last ten years, the sample consisted of 12 articles. Two categories were listed on the theme: Nursing Care in the pre-, Trans, and Post-procedure and Systematization and Systematization of Nursing Care. The nursing diagnoses were derived from the studies and included fear, risk of infection, risk of adverse response to iodinated contrast medium, acute pain and risk of decreased cardiac tissue perfusion. It was concluded that the description of the Nurse's performance in this procedure provides knowledge and promotes the populations health, since this research offers current data on care on the subject. It was evidenced that nursing care in this diagnosis is not so specific, but in general for cardiac catheter procedures in the Hemodynamics sector. PubDate: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6775 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Chidinma Acholonu, Diagi E. Bridget, Chukwudi Nwaogu, Justin N. Okorondu, Ekweogu Chinonye, Ajiere Susan, Agidi Victor, Chijioke Uyo, Obijuru Ifeoma Pages: 181 - 189 Abstract: Noise can be seen as unwanted sound which is unpleasant to man and the Environment. One of the sources of noise pollution which has effect on man is aircraft noise. Noise assessment level data were obtained at three stages of aircraft operation; Standby, Take-off and Landing for a period of five days. Two airlines within the same age limit were assessed for the study. The sound meter utilized in this study is sound meter android application. It has the measurement range of 30 to 130 dB(A) with an accuracy of ±2 dB(A) and resolution 0.1 dB(A). 100 copies of structured questionnaire were used to solicit information within the airport environment from workers on the perceived effects of aircraft noise on their health and daily activities within the airport. Data were collected and compared with World Health Organization (W.H.O) standard. Findings of the study revealed that the recorded noise levels were above the W.H.O permissible limit. Although, there were variation in noise level between the two airlines and the different stages assessed. Findings from the questionnaire survey also revealed that 80% of the population admitted that the noise levels had impact on their health ranging from annoyance, stress, deprivation of sleep, hearing problems amongst others. The study confirmed that aircraft noise had an impact on health and well-being of people. The study therefore, recommends that there is need to reduce the aviation noise impacts in other to promote human and environmental health. PubDate: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6776 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Sanchung Lida, Kasinam Doruk, Anki Mibang, Karge Basar, Nabam Akli, Tadang Meena, P. Elavarasi, S. Keerthana Pages: 190 - 198 Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the agriculture field of the Himalayan university, Jollang, Arunachal Pradesh to find out the effect of different composts and biofertilizers inoculations on black soybean yield. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Seven different composts and biofertilizers inoculations and one control treatment were used in the study to assess the effect of different composts and biofertilizers on black soybean yield. The findings of the study showed that vermicompost + phosphate solubilizing bacteria and vermicompost + rhizobium inoculant performed better in all aspects of yield components like number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, seed weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index etc. However, the control treatment performed lowest in every parameter. As a result of the experiment, it could be concluded that vermicompost + phosphate solubilizing bacteria has a significant effect on yield component of black soybean. PubDate: 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6777 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Jaine Rodrigues da Rocha, Ítalo Felipe Nogueira Ribeiro, Isaac de Oliveira Santos, Renata Sales Soares, João Rafael Valentim-Silva, Luis Eduardo Maggi, Wagner Coelho de Albuquerque Pereira, Anselmo Fortunato Ruiz Rodriguez Pages: 199 - 207 Abstract: Aims: The present work evaluated the synergistic effect of therapeutic ultrasound associated with fluconazole on Candida albicans in vitro. Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory at the Federal University of Acre (UFAC) and the Microbiology Laboratory at the Estácio Meta University Center in Rio Branco City, State of Acre, Brazil. Methodology: The experiments used a standard strain of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Planktonic suspensions of C. albicans were prepared and exposed to ultrasonic waves at frequencies of 1 MHz and 3 MHz, and intensity of 1.0 W/cm2, with application times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The treatment groups were ultrasound (UST) alone, Fluconazole alone (FLU), ultrasound combined with Fluconazole (UST + FLU), and a control group (no UST, no FLU). After 24 hours, a count of the Colony Forming Units (CFUs) was performed. Results: According to the results, a greater growth inhibition was observed in treatments (UST + FLU) at both frequencies for all three application times. It indicates that, at least in the conditions we used, therapeutic ultrasound combined with fluconazole inhibited the growth of C. albicans in vitro. The antimicrobial effect of this treatment was greater than the one with UST alone and with fluconazole alone. Conclusion: The association of antifungals with ultrasound can be considered a promising strategy to treat infections caused by fungi, allowing a reduced therapeutic period. PubDate: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6778 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Satinder Kaur Khattra, Davinder Singh, Ritu Dogra Pages: 208 - 222 Abstract: This review addresses the energy efficient technology and carbon trading for reducing carbon emissions. Energy-efficient technologies (EET) and carbon trading are mechanisms for mitigating climate change. EET offers direct ways to reduce emissions by improving the efficiency of energy use in various sectors. The use of technologies such as Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) in compressors, enhanced thermal performance in buildings, and smart lighting systems demonstrate significant potential in cutting energy consumption and thereby emissions The roles of carbon credits in international emission trading schemes, emphasizing their dual purpose of environmental protection and revenue generation for developing nations. The study explores into various types of carbon credit projects, including the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), highlighting their distribution and impact across different regions. The importance of forests in carbon dioxide absorption and the challenges of ensuring permanence and accounting for carbon sequestration are also discussed. Additionally, the document examines policy recommendations, such as carbon pricing and emission reduction targets set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). PubDate: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6779 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:M. Maheshnath, R. Vijaya Kumari, K. Suhasini, D. Srinivasa Reddy, A. Meena Pages: 223 - 229 Abstract: The study utilized the Box-Jenkins approach for forecasting maize production in Telangana state. It involved the analysis of 55 years of empirical annual observations of maize production. The autocorrelation (ACF) and partial autocorrelation functions (PACF) were calculated to analyze the data. A suitable Box-Jenkins ARIMA model was fitted, and the validity of the model was examined using conventional statistical methods. Lastly, the next three years' worth of maize production was predicted using the autoregressive integrated moving average model's forecasting capability. PubDate: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6780 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Alexander A. Offiong, Aniekan Offiong, A.P. Ihom, I.E. Markson Pages: 230 - 240 Abstract: The effects of a 3-arm hammer cracker/ beater on the performance of a newly developed palm kernel shell cracking machine have been determined. The newly developed palm kernel cracker was equipped with a 3-arm hammer beater shaft, and a constant weight of 3000g of palm kernel shells were cracked under various operating speeds ranging from 800- 1600 rpm. During this period the performance of the newly developed machine equipped with the 3-arm hammer beater was evaluated. It was discovered that the 3000g of palm kernel nuts were cracked in just 30.14 seconds at a speed of 1600 rpm. The number of whole nuts was 541 at the operating speed of 1000 rpm which was the highest of all the processing speeds used. It was also discovered that the number of uncracked nuts decreased with increasing operating speed. Unbroken nuts were 87 at 1000 rpm and were the lowest operational speeds used. For the number of cracked nuts it was discovered that the number of cracked nuts increased with an increase in cracking speed or operational speed. The work observed that the effective capacity of the machine equipped with the 3-arm hammer beater increased with an increase in operational speed. The cracking efficiency also increased with increasing operational speed. Un-cracked nuts loss was seen to decrease as the operational speed increased. The highest performance efficiency of 84.53, the highest overall efficiency of 82.95, and the smallest value of split nut loss of 13.59 all occurred at the operational speed of 1000 rpm. It is therefore recommended that for this newly developed palm kernel shell cracking machine equipped with a 3-arm hammer beater the best operating speed should be 1000 rpm, to minimize losses and enjoy high performance efficiency. PubDate: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6781 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Sunil Kumar, Alok Kumar Srivastava, Milind D. Joshi, Mahesh Pathak, Vipin Kumar Misra, Dhirendra Kumar Pages: 241 - 255 Abstract: Participatory approaches in agricultural research and extension services have increasingly been recognized over recent decades as effective strategies for engaging farmers, integrating their expertise and preferences, and developing locally appropriate solutions. This article explores the various participatory methods used globally, particularly emphasizing practices in Asia and India. It traces the historical development of these approaches, outlines their core principles and methodologies, and presents evidence of their impact on agricultural productivity, sustainability, and the livelihoods of farmers. Through diverse case studies, including farmer field schools and participatory plant breeding, the article highlights the wide range of participatory techniques implemented in different regions. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and criticisms of participatory methods and suggests future directions for research and practice. Participatory approaches hold significant potential to enhance the responsiveness of agricultural research and extension services to the needs, knowledge, and creativity of farmers. Nonetheless, these approaches necessitate substantial investments in capacity building, institutional reforms, and policy adjustments to foster an environment conducive to participatory innovation. Continued research is crucial to evaluate the long-term effects and to facilitate the scaling up of successful participatory models. PubDate: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6782 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Loveday Ese Oghenemavwe, Hakeem Babatunde Fawehinmi, Peter Done Okoh, Lekpa Kingdom David, Michael Anozie Amadi, Chile A. Oparaocha, Celestine Ebieto Ebieto, Priscilla Nkechinyere Nwofor, Nicholas Asiwe Pages: 256 - 264 Abstract: Background: Stature estimation is an important identification process in the field of physical and forensic anthropology and for industrial design. The study aims to determine if upper arm length, foot length, and arm span could be good predictors for stature among northern Nigerians. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design using a multi-stage random sampling technique. 400 northern Nigerians (200 males and 200 females) were involved in the research and data were collected via direct anthropometric method using a stadiometer, and meter rule. The data obtained were analyzed using the IBM SPSS and probability was stated (p<0.05). Results: The findings of the study show that males have a mean value for the standing height, upper arm length, foot length, and arm span as 171.97±6.68 cm, 32.62±2.55 cm, 25.76±1.17 cm, 181.72±7.83 cm respectively, and females were 163.33±5.96 cm, 35.23±2.19 cm, 23.04±1.51 cm, and 168.67±6.68 cm for standing height, upper arm length, foot length, and arm span which has shown sexual differences and age-related differences (p<0.05). The upper arm was found to be a weak predictor for stature (R=0.045, SEE=7.66), foot length and arm span were good predictors of stature (R=0.73, SEE=5.24 and R=0.83, SEE=4.25) univariately. Multivariate analysis of the upper arm length, foot length, and arm span were better predictors for stature (R=0.85, SEE=4.07). Conclusion: The foot length and arm span are good predictors of stature and the findings will be useful to forensic anthropologists PubDate: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6783 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Rukkiya Siddiqui, B.C. Mondal, Meesam Raza, Sawan Kumar, Rashmi Goswami, Muteeb Ullah Rafiqui, Adis Mirel Ahmed, Mohit Bhardwaj, Preeti Verma, Damini Arya Pages: 265 - 277 Abstract: Agriculture and livestock are fundamental to the economies of developing countries. A substantial portion of crop harvests is allocated for animal feed. Thus, more technological advancements are necessary to enhance agricultural productivity and provide affordable feed. Future biotech crops are expected to play a crucial role in this area. The goal is often to introduce traits into plants that do not naturally occur in these species. These new traits may include resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, or the production of specific nutrients or pharmaceutical agents. GM crops have indirectly benefited the livestock sector by increasing the yield of feed ingredients and improving quality traits. These crops are primarily used in livestock feed rations as energy and/or protein sources. Numerous animal feeding studies have been conducted to demonstrate that genetically modified crops are as nutritious and wholesome as compared to their conventional counterparts. No biological relevant differences in animal performance, health, or animal product (meat and milk) composition had been observed in various studies conducted. Overall, no significant differences in gain, intake, and feed conversion have been reported. Since the GM crop’s composition is not different from its conventional counterpart [except for the introduced transgene(s) and expressed protein(s)] and the expressed transgenic protein is rapidly digested in the digestive system, one would not expect any unintended effects. The introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops into the market undergoes extensive testing and a rigorous approval process to ensure food, feed, and environmental safety. This process includes thorough analyses before GM crops are deemed safe for commercial use. GM livestock feed is assessed for its nutritional composition and digestibility by comparing it with conventional crops. Therefore, while GM crops have the potential to enhance the efficiency of animal agriculture by improving nutritional content, reducing pesticide use, and increasing crop yields, it is essential to approach their adoption with caution. PubDate: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6784 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Nivetha S, Shakuntala Devi I, Lavanya T, Aruna K Pages: 278 - 285 Abstract: Aims: To analyse the trends in area, production and productivity of castor in Telangana and major erstwhile districts of Telangana. The main purpose of the study is to understand the growth rate of castor in a region of Telangana, as India is the largest exporter of castor oil, which has multiple industrial applications. Methodology: The secondary data of the area, production and productivity of castor from 2001-02 to 2022-23 were collected from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) was used to analyse the time-series data of castor. CAGR was calculated for 3 periods -Period I (2001-02 to 2011-12), Period II (2012-13 to 2022-23), Overall Period (2001-23). Results: The results showed a decreasing trend in both castor area and production. But castor productivity observed a positive growth rate in Telangana and the major erstwhile castor-growing districts like Mahbubnagar and Medak. However, few districts like Rangareddy, Nalgonda, and Warangal showed negative trends in productivity during Period I. The study highlighted a decline in the castor area due to the incidence of diseases like Botrytis, shifting to other crops such as cotton and climate variability. Conclusion: The study indicated that the decline in the castor area is a major concern and this study will be useful in agricultural policy making to take appropriate actions to reverse the declining trends of castor cultivation in Telangana. PubDate: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6785 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Devi Prasanna Swain, Arunasis Goswami, Bhabesh Chandra Das, Birendra Pratap Singh, Kumar Govil, Suman Sant Pages: 286 - 292 Abstract: The agriculture of our country is increasingly affected due to the irregular climatic variations like drought, flood, etc. which is causing great distress to agriculture farmers financially, socially and emotionally during the period. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of drought on livelihood of agriculture farmers in drought versus non-drought years in drought prone western Odisha. 194 respondents engaged in agriculture farming as their primary occupation were selected randomly from 3 districts of Western Odisha by stratified random sampling. Ten pertinent questions were selected after due consultation with different stakeholders of the agricultural sector, Govt. officials, University faculties and experts of the field to study the impact of drought. The questions were designed to be answered either in yes or no, which were related to the social, economic, food security and family responsibilities of the agricultural farmer and his family. It was found that the respondents were not able to meet the basic requirements in drought years which could be achieved in non-drought years through agricultural operations. This study also indicated that the basic needs like food, medicine and social needs are severely affected in the drought hit years as compared to the non-drought years. The famers were not even able to purchase medicines in drought hit years. The farmers showed their inability to take care of the basic needs of family during drought. The Government of Odisha may promote secondary sources of livelihood generating options like dairy farming, poultry farming, beekeeping, goat farming, etc., in the drought affected districts of Odisha along with agriculture for meeting basic needs of life during drought period. PubDate: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6786 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Nabam Akli, Kasinam Doruk, Karge Basar, Sanchung Lida, Anki Mibang, Tadang Meena, Nakeertha Venu Pages: 293 - 298 Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Himalayan University farm, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, during the kharif season of 2023 with 8 treatments replicated thrice with 24 plots each 3×3 meter in randomized block design, to determine the effect of organic manures on yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). The experiment included the following treatments T1- Control ,T2- Castor oilcake at 2.5kg/ha+ Poultry manure at 2.5kg/ha,T3- Bone meal at 2.5kg/ha + Poultry manure at 2.5kg/ha,T4- Mustard oilcake at 2.5kg/ha + Goat manure at 2.5kg/ha,T5- Bone meal at 2.5kg/ha + Neem oilcake at 2.5kg/ha + Fym at 2.5kg/ha,T6- Neem oilcake at 2.5kg/ha + Goat manure at 2.5kg/ha, T7- Mustard oilcake at 2.5kg/ha + Poultry manure 2.5kg/ha, and T8- Bone meal at 2.5kg/ha + Goat manure at 2.5kg/ha. All the fertilizers were top dressed on the surface layer of the soil after 1 week of transplantation. The highest finger length (cm) recorded was 6.5 cm at harvest, the highest test weight (g) recorded was 3.1 g at harvest, the highest grain yield recorded was (t ha-1) 4.02 t ha-1 at harvest, highest straw yield (t ha-1) recorded was 7.9 t ha-1 and harvest index (%) 36.78 % at harvest were observed with treatment T5– Bone meal at 2.5kg/ha + Neem oilcake 2.5kg/ha + Fym at 2.5kg/ha. PubDate: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6787 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Kunapara A. N., Subbaiah R., Patel G. R. Pages: 299 - 307 Abstract: The efficiency of drip irrigation is closely influenced by the accuracy of its design, particularly the hydraulic and manufacturing performance of the emitters. This study investigates the hydraulic performance and flow variation of 8 litres per hour (lph) drip emitters. Discharge rates for 100 emitters were measured at a pressure of 1 kg/cm² to determine the manufacturer's coefficient of variation and the flow variation due to hydraulic factors. The relationship between pressure and discharge was modelled using power function regression, demonstrating a strong correlation between predicted and observed emitter discharge rates, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.56 lph. A design chart was derived from this model, illustrating the relationship between input pressure at the head end and output pressure at the tail end of the system. The manufacturing coefficient of variation for the 100 emitters was found to be 0.0521, classifying the emitters as "good" according to manufacturing standards. The study provides important understandings for designers aiming to create efficient drip irrigation systems and effective water management strategies. By addressing both hydraulic and manufacturing variations, the study confirms that it is possible to achieve more uniform water distribution, enhance crop yield, and optimize resource utilization. PubDate: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6788 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Swapnil Singh, Preeti Singh, Ajay Kumar Baheliya, Anjali Srivastava, Archna Yadav Pages: 308 - 314 Abstract: The current market dynamics, including consumer food behaviour, are profoundly influenced by the processes of civilizational and cultural evolution, as well as the ongoing globalization phenomena. The discourse begins with an exploration of the theoretical underpinnings of globalization and its intersection with consumer food behaviour. It further delves into the broader phenomenon of globalization in the contemporary era and elucidates its specific impacts on the dietary and purchasing habits of consumers. The reviewed studies indicate that globalization has significantly influenced various aspects of consumer food behaviour. These include changes in grocery shopping patterns, an increased frequency of fast food consumption, and a heightened interest in both comfort foods and novel dining experiences. The pervasive reach of global media, multinational food corporations, and international supply chains has facilitated the widespread availability and popularity of diverse food products and dining practices across different cultures and regions. However, globalization's impact is not unidirectional. It has also catalysed the emergence of counter-movements and alternative consumer attitudes. There is a growing preference for locally sourced and environmentally sustainable food products, reflecting a backlash against the perceived homogenizing effects of globalization. Movements such as the Slow Food movement advocate for traditional and regional cuisine as a means of preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, heightened awareness of food safety and quality has led to an increased demand for organic and non-genetically modified food products. PubDate: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6789 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Héllen Súzany Freire Silva, Adália Samara Gadelha de Holanda Lima, Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues, Simone Duarte, Iriana Carla Junqueira Zanin Pages: 315 - 334 Abstract: Aims: Verify the effect of non-thermal atmospheric plasma on biofilms under different conditions. Study Design: In vitro laboratory, Experimental, Randomized. Place and Duration of Study: Federal University of Ceará, 2 years. Methodology: Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans UA159 were formed on human enamel slabs, submitted to episodes of sucrose exposure for 5 days. The specimens were randomly divided in 2 different experiments; one submitted to daily plasma treatment of biofilms and other submitted to one-time treatment of the biofilms after 5 days. The samples were divided in nine groups as follows: NT (No treatment), CHX (chlorhexidine 0.12%), NaF (sodium fluoride 0.05%), ARG1 (1 minute argon flow), ARG5 (5 minutes argon flow), ARG10 (10 minutes argon flow), PLA1 (1 minute plasma jet), PLA5 (5 minutes plasma jet), PLA10 (10 minutes plasma jet). Results: The groups CHX, ARG 1, ARG 5, ARG 10, PLA1, PLA5, PLA10 significantly reduced the bacterial viability in the daily treated biofilms (p <0.001). The same results were only observed in mature biofilms submitted to one time treatment only for the groups PLA5 and PLA10 (p <0.005). The results showed a reduction in soluble extracellular polysaccharides in CHX, ARG and PLA dairy treatments. The percentage of the superficial hardness loss demonstrated a significant reduction only for the CHX group (p <0.05) in daily treatment. In addition, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups before (p = 0.6978) or after treatments (p = 0.8904) in the mineral profile of the specimens by Raman Spectroscopy. Also, scanning electron microscopy showed no difference in the topographic of the treated enamel surface. Conclusion: Dairy ARG or PLA treatments were effective in reducing the number of viable bacteria and the concentration of water-soluble polysaccharide in the S. mutans biofilms. For the one-time treatment of mature biofilms only PLA5 and PLA10 treatments were effective. No alteration in the surface of the enamel was observed on tested conditions. PubDate: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6790 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Anki Mibang, Kasinam Doruk, Sanchung Lida, Karge Basar, Nabam Akli, Karthikeyan M Pages: 335 - 342 Abstract: Field experiment was laid out at agriculture field of Himalayan university, Jollang during Kharif season 2023-2024 to study the response of black soybean to levels and sources of sulphur under mid - hill conditions of Arunachal Pradesh. The treatments comprising of all possible combinations of three levels of sulphur viz. 15, 30 and 45 kg /ha and four sources of sulphur viz. Iron pyrite, Gypsum, Epsom salt and Sphalerite. The result revealed that yield attributes viz. number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed weight, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index of black soybean increased with the application of S upto 45 kg/ha. Higher dose of sulphur significantly influence yield attributes of black soybean. The response per kg S apply was 14.5 kg of soybean grain. Among the sources of sulphur gypsum gave the better response in terms of yield attributes and seed and straw yield of soybean over the other sources. Gross returns (27322 ₹/ha), net returns (12552 ₹/ha) and B: C (1.84) ratio was significantly higher at Gypsum 45 kg S/ha. PubDate: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6791 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Samir Pratap Singh, S. K. Singh, L. P. Awasthi, Pankaj Kumar Ray, Vinod Kumar Singh, Pavan Shukla, Ashutosh Singh, Lalbabu Kumar Pages: 343 - 348 Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) belong to the Malvaceae family and an important vegetable crop widely cultivated in the Indian subcontinent. However, several factors influence okra crop as biotic and abiotic. Among the diseases affecting its cultivation, okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVM) belong to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus and transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, Order: Hemiptera, Family: Aleyrodidae, is the one of the most destructive disease. Randomly selected five plants of each plot were observed for the population of whitefly at weekly interval starting with 20 days after sowing. First appearance of whitefly was recorded at 30th standard weekand rapid progress of whitefly population was recorded from 31th standard week to 37th and 38th standard week during both the years. The whitefly population with the minimum temperature and relative humidity showed non-significant positive correlation, whereas, maximum temperature and rainfall was non-significantly negative correlated during both the years. The whitefly population was non-significantly positive correlated with percent disease incidence of YVMV. PubDate: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6792 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Golam Torab Ali, Ganesh Das, Litan Das, Sabita Mondal, Prabhat Kumar Pal, Ashutosh Sarkar, Deb Sankar Gupta Pages: 349 - 354 Abstract: The study on the Agricultural Knowledge Information System (AKIS) in the Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal (2017-2023) aimed to understand the actors involved and their inter-linkages for disseminating agricultural knowledge and information. It focused on three blocks: Jalpaiguri Sadar, Maynaguri, and Dhupguri. The findings indicated a high linkage diversity (average value of 0.79), suggesting a dense network of connections among actors. However, the linkage strength was weak (average value of 0.15), highlighting that while a broad network of interactions exists, the effectiveness of these connections needs improvement. Despite challenges in mobilizing officials for data collection, the study provided valuable insights into the AKIS in the district. PubDate: 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6793 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Amaka Debie Samuel-Okon, Oluwaseun Ibrahim Akinola, Oluwaseun Oladeji Olaniyi, Omobolaji Olufunmilayo Olateju, Samson Abidemi Ajayi Pages: 355 - 375 Abstract: The rising threat of deepfake technology challenges public trust in media, necessitating robust countermeasures. This study proposes the Anti-DFK framework, a comprehensive strategy to mitigate the spread of deepfakes on major social platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. The framework integrates deep learning-based detection engines, digital watermarking, and advanced network access controls, including URL filtering, domain reputation filtering, content-type filtering, and Geo-IP blocking. Analyzing historical deepfake data, user engagement metrics, and public sentiment from Kaggle Datasets, the study employed deep learning models—CNNs, LSTMs, and Transformer-based—to evaluate detection capabilities, achieving the highest controlled environment accuracy of 0.97. Digital watermarking techniques were tested for robustness against various attacks, with the DCT method displaying significant resilience. Network access controls were assessed for their effectiveness in curtailing the spread of deepfakes, with content filtering proving the most effective by reducing dissemination by nearly 80%. Findings indicate a critical negative impact of deepfakes on public trust, underscoring the need for the integrated approach offered by the Anti-DFK framework. The study concludes that implementing these sophisticated detection tools, combined with robust digital watermarking and stringent network controls, can significantly enhance the integrity of media content and restore public confidence. PubDate: 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6794 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Karshan Chavda, Deval B. Patel Pages: 376 - 384 Abstract: Micronutrient deficiencies are a significant issue in countries like India, impairing physical and cognitive development. Therefore, overcoming this requires effective and efficient strategies that use available resources and have long term benefits are needed. Kitchen gardening, a traditional practice, is gaining popular as a solution. Kitchen garden seed pouches simplify gardening, promoting self-sufficiency and sustainability, even in limited spaces. These pouches contain quality seeds of popular vegetables and herbs. This study was conducted with three objectives, to study profile of agricultural input dealers, their perception regarding kitchen garden pouch and identify challenges faced by them for selling kitchen garden pouch. It was conducted from January 15th to April 16th 2024 in Anand district of Gujarat and 120 agricultural input dealers were surveyed with the help of semi-structured schedule. Non-Probability sampling method and Convenience sampling was used. Statistical tool like percentage and henry garret ranking methods were used. It reveals that the majority of dealers are middle-aged, with significant experience in the field. Educational qualifications vary, but a significant proportion holds qualifications equivalent to Diploma. The majority operate as retailers, predominantly in urban areas, specializing in seeds and agrochemicals. Despite a high level of awareness about kitchen garden pouches among dealers, a considerable percentage were not actively sold this product. Consumer demand and product quality were key factors influence the dealers’ decision. Challenges faced during product ordering include credit facility and product replacement concerns, challenges at the time of selling product were customer debit behaviour and product price sensitivity. PubDate: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6795 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Sheikh Danish Bashir, Tauseef A. Bhat, Bilkees Jamsheed, Aijaz Nazir, Bisma Jan, Raihana Habib Kanth, Amal Saxena, Khursheed A. Dar, Inayat Mustafa Khan, Fehim Jeelani Wani, Ashu Sharma, Uma Naulia, Munaza Yaqoob, Umar Rashid, Himansha Tanwar, Hadiya Kounsar Pages: 385 - 395 Abstract: As large quantum of urea is used in the rice crop, there is a need to reduce atleast some portion of prilled urea to minimize the nitrogen losses besides improving the growth and yield of rice. With this rationale, a field experiment was carried out in the Kharif season of 2022 at the Agronomy Research Farm in Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology- Kashmir, India to study the efficiency of Nano-urea over prilled urea in direct-seeded rice. The experimental study comprised of nine treatments viz.,T0 (Control), T1 (recommended dose of prilled urea), T2 (NU 2 sprays at 6 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage), T3 (NU 2 sprays at 8 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage), T4 (50 % RDPU as basal + NU 2 sprays at 2 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage), T5 (50 % RDPU as basal + NU 2 sprays at 4 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage), T6 (25 % RDPU as basal + NU 2 sprays at 2 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage), T7 (25 % RDPU as basal + NU 2 sprays at 4 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage), T8 (25 % RDPU as basal + NU 2 sprays at 6 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage) and T9 (25 % RDPU as basal + NU 2 sprays at 8 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage) which were arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. These treatments included the application of Nano-urea in addition to conventional nitrogen dosages of 120 kg ha-1 and control treatments (no application). T5 (50 % RDPU as basal + NU 2 sprays at 4 ml L-1 at AT and PI stage) was the treatment that most significantly improved growth characteristics out of all of them, with a notable achievement of a Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 4.51. In addition, T5 performed superior to other treatments in yield-related parameters like panicle weight (2.69 g), yield (66.57 q ha-1). These findings demonstrate the significant potential of Nano-urea to maximize nitrogen use and increase yield in direct-seeded rice farming systems. PubDate: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6796 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Barenya Gogoi, Raihana H Kanth, Tauseef Ahmad Bhat, Amal Saxena, Inayat M. Khan, Fehim J. Wani, Aijaz Nazir, Bisma Jan, Hadiya Kounsar, Bilkees Jamsheed, Khursheed Ahmad Dar, Jibinsha P T Pages: 396 - 409 Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif-2022 season at the Agronomy Research Field, FOA, SKUAST-Kashmir, to investigate the efficacy of nano-urea in improving nitrogen-use efficiency in irrigated maize. Ten treatments were evaluated viz., T1: Control, T2: Recommended dose of Nitrogen (RDN) as basal (prilled urea), T3: 75% RDN + 1 spray nano-urea at 2 ml L-1 (60 DAS), T4: 75% RDN + 1 spray at 4 ml L-1 (60 DAS), T5: 50% RDN + 2 sprays at 2 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T6: 50% RDN + 2 sprays at 4 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T7: 25% RDN + 2 sprays at 6 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T8: 25% RDN + 2 sprays at 8 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T9: 25% RDN + 1 spray at 6 ml L-1 (60 DAS), T10: 25% RDN + 1 spray at 8 ml L-1 (60 DAS). The experiment was carried out following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that treatment T6 (50% RDN as basal + 2 sprays at 30 and 60 DAS at 4 ml L-1 of nano-urea) exhibited superior performance compared to the recommended nitrogen dose (T2) and other treatments in enhancing nutri-ent-use efficiency. Notably, treatment T6 demonstrated the highest nitrogen uptake in grain (101.92 kg ha-1) as well as stover (67.41 kg ha-1), surpassing all other treatments. Additionally, agronomic efficiency was significantly higher in T8, while physiological efficiency peaked in T6. Yield attributes and overall yield showed consistent improvements in treatments receiving nano-urea. Furthermore, treatments utilizing nano-urea demonstrated higher net returns and benefit-cost ratios, with T6 particularly standing out. These findings underscore the potential of foliar application of nano-urea to halve the recommended dose of prilled urea, thereby enhancing nitrogen uptake, nutrient-use efficiency, yield, and economic returns, while promoting sustainability in agriculture. PubDate: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6797 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:N. Swetha, T. Boopathi, C. Narendra Reddy, Praduman Yadav Pages: 410 - 419 Abstract: Aims: To evaluate 132 USDA germplasm for their resistance against sesame leaf webber A. catalaunalis. Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD). Methodology: Leaf webber incidence was recorded weekly in two seasons (2023, 2024) and the percent leaf damage was calculated. The data was subjected to statistical analysis. The germplasm were categorized based on the percent leaf damage in both seasons using a 1-9 scoring methodology. The combined mean analysis was also carried out, to obtain unbiased results. the germplasm were also categorized based on the combined analysis. Results: In season 1, leaf damage by sesame leaf webber ranged from 0% to 97.96%, with PI 170757, PI 223014, and PI 285170 being pest-free, while PI 170726 had the highest damage (97.96%). Germplasm were categorized as highly resistant (48), resistant (31), moderately resistant (25), susceptible (13) and highly susceptible (15). In season 2, damage ranged from 0% to 97.30%, with PI 152498, PI 158045, PI 170757, PI 223014, and PI 285170 being pest-free and PI 170726 again having the highest damage (97.30%). Germplasm were categorized as highly resistant (35), resistant (36), moderately resistant (33), susceptible (12) and highly susceptible (16). Based on combined mean value analysis, The germplasm were categorized as highly resistant (28), resistant (54), moderately resistant (21), susceptible (11), and highly susceptible (18). Conclusion: The germplasm PI 170757, PI 223014, and PI 285170 were completely free from pest damage in both seasons and also based on combined mean analysis. Thus these germplasm are highly resistant against sesame leaf webber. PubDate: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6798 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Karge Basar, Kasinam Doruk, K. Subhash Chandra Bose, Lipi Rina, Nabam Akli, Sanchung Lida, Anki Mibang, Karthikeyan M Pages: 420 - 425 Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Himalayan University farm, Jullang, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, during the kharif season of 2023 with 8 treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design, to determine the effect of different types of mulching and biofertilizer on yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana.). The available nutrient status showed high nitrogen (N), low phosphorus (P), and medium potassium (K) levels. The experiment included the following treatments T1-Control, T2- Karanj leaf mould at + Azotobacter, T3-Karanj leaf mould + PSB, T4- Neem leaf mould + Azotobacter, T5-Paddy straw + jute bag + Rhizobium, T6-Paddy straw + PSB, T7-Black polythene + Azotobacter and T8-Saw dust + Rhizobium. The highest finger length (cm) recorded was 5.92 cm at harvest, highest test weight (g) recorded was 3.06 g at harvest, highest grain yield (t ha-1) recorded was 4.05 t ha-1 at harvest, highest straw yield (t ha-1) recorded was 7.92 t ha-1 at harvest and harvest index (%) of 34.66 % at harvest were observed with treatment T5 - Paddy straw + jute bag + Rhizobium. PubDate: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6799 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Vaishnavi, Lokesha; H., Vedamurthy, K. B., Venkataramana, M. N., Jagannath Olekar., Somashekar, Surendra, H. S. Pages: 426 - 438 Abstract: This present study was initiated with the objective of analysing the trends in MSP and its forecast to enhance production by providing fair price to the farmers there by ensuring food security and sustainable development of agriculture in the country in view of changing domestic and international market dynamics. The study revealed a significant growth in MSP and has steadily increased over the years for cereals, pulses and oilseeds which highlighted the growing importance of these crops in achieving food security in the country. The increase in MSP is mainly attributed to escalating factor prices in addition to global price factors which was observed during 2007-08, 2012-13 and during 2017-18 with the recommendation of M S Swaminathan Committee due to no parity between factor and product prices coupled with weather-related challenges contributed to rise in MSP across crops. The MSP in India is significantly rising for all the selected crops reflecting the Government's commitment to support and protect the income of farmers. To capture the fluctuations and trends in MSP for all the selected crops, the ARIMA model was employed from the year 1998 to 2023 and evaluated the model's goodness of fit, with R² values of 0.72 for paddy-C, 0.79 for paddy-A, 0.94 for maize, 0.82 for jowar, 0.85 for ragi, 0.90 for red gram, 0.78 for Bengal gram, 0.86 for groundnut, 0.88 for cotton medium staple, and 0.89 for cotton long staple indicated a strong ability to explain the variance in MSP. The accuracy and suitability of the ARIMA model for forecasting the MSP of selected crops were assessed, with potential for improvement in terms of RMSE and MAE for the year 2023-2030. This suggests that the ARIMA model is a suitable choice for forecasting MSP, given its accuracy and simplicity, thereby providing valuable insights for future agricultural policy planning. PubDate: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6800 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Kadakanchi Divya, D. A. Rajini Devi, K. Suhasini, A. Meena Pages: 439 - 446 Abstract: Aims: To identify the problems and constraints of stakeholders in warehousing system in Telangana state. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Mahbubnagar and Jagtial districts of Telangana state, which were selected purposively based on the number of warehouses available in the districts. The study was conducted between 2023 to 2024. Methodology: The sample consists of 120 respondents which include different stakeholders viz., farmers, warehouse investors, warehouse managers, Handling and Transportation (H&T) contractor, H&T labour, Junior Assistant and Technical Assistant. All the stakeholders were selected using random sampling technique. Garrett’s ranking technique was employed to analyze the data.The data was collected through personal interview method using pre-tested schedules. Results: The study revealed that, the absence of warehouse space was regarded as the major constraint experienced by farmers, with a mean score value of 71.77, followed by financial difficulties in paying off debts (55.7). Two biggest challenges experienced by warehouse investors were limited stock arrivals (69.375) and stock rejections due to poor quality (62.5). The primary challenge, according to the warehouse manager and H&T contractor, is the shortage of labour for stocking, loading, and unloading of lots. H&T labour reported the major constraints they faced was lack of frequent employment (62.38) followed by migration from native places in search of work (57.88). Technical assistants have identified two constraints and they are changes in standard operating procedures (65.625) and extended working hours during peak seasons (60.625). Junior assistants had faced difficulties with maintaining pest-free goods (63.125) and rodent-caused storage losses (51.25). Conclusion: The study recommends providing more storage facilities and issuing Nego able Warehouse Receipts to farmers, as well as improving the living conditions of H&T labourers to ensure their stable employment. Additionally, regular pest control and adherence to standardized warehouse management procedures are crucial for system improvement PubDate: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6801 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Samirkumar R. Bhadani, Snehal Mishra Pages: 447 - 455 Abstract: The research focuses on understanding the marketing dynamics and identifying areas for improvement in the supply chain. This study examines the sales and purchase practices, marketing costs, and factors influencing prices in the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Vashi market for fruits and vegetables. Data were collected from the 30 farmers, 40 wholesalers/commission agents and 30 retailers through structured questionnaires, between January 2024 and April 2024 and a purposive sampling technique was chosen to gather specific information. The findings reveal that middlemen, such as Local Agent (35%), pre-harvest contractors (15%) and commission agents (12.5%), play a significant role in the supply chain, leading to increased costs and reduced profits for farmers. The study also highlights notable variations in marketing costs, margins, and price spreads across different commodities. Market competition emerges as a crucial factor influencing prices, emphasizing the need for a competitive market environment. PubDate: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6802 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Srinatha; T. N., Pramod Kumar, Arun, D., Debasmita Baruah, Praveenkumar A., Pooja Rajendra Dhange, Anbukkani Perumal Pages: 456 - 466 Abstract: Sustainable Development (SD) has gained prominence as a central focus for development planners, policymakers, and environmental advocates, both nationally and internationally. In India, agriculture grapples with numerous challenges that collectively contribute to sustainability issues, hindering its core goal of ensuring food security. Swaminathan [1] defines Sustainable Livelihood Security (SLS) as encompassing livelihood options that are ecologically sound, economically viable, and socially equitable. The intrinsic connections between SLS and broader welfare objectives such as poverty reduction and human development underscore its pivotal role in achieving sustainable development. This study employs the Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) to assess the current status of sustainability in the agriculturally diverse state of Karnataka. Factors like population density, forest cover, cropping intensity, and livestock density are utilized to gauge ecological security. Economic efficiency is measured through per capita income, milk yield, and net sown area, while social equity is assessed by indicators like female literacy, maternal mortality rate, and the percentage of the population below the poverty line (BPL). Despite inherent variations and limitations, these selected variables offer substantial insight into the overall ecological, economic, and equity dimensions of the state. The results reveal a wide range of values for sustainability status (WSLSI), spanning from 0.17 to 0.62, with corresponding ranges of 0.07 to 0.64 for economic efficiency (EEI), 0.17 to 0.77 for ecological security (ESI), and 0.12 to 0.95 for social equity (SEI). This indicates significant disparities in the livelihood security of Karnataka across its ecological, economic, and social dimensions. Notably, the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, and Chikkamagaluru emerge as top performers in both simple SLSI and weighted SLSI, excelling in all three component indices. Conversely, districts such as Raichur, Yadagiri, and Koppal exhibit lower performance across all indices, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions in health, education, and agricultural investment. Strategies such as technological advancements, improved infrastructure, establishment of food processing industries, and enhanced financial and marketing support are recommended to address these disparities and bolster sustainable livelihood security in underperforming districts. PubDate: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6803 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Srinatha; T. N., G J Abhishek, Pramod Kumar, Aravinda, B. J., Debasmita Baruah, Gireesh, S., Niyati Thakur, Anbukkani Perumal Pages: 467 - 474 Abstract: Agricultural policy reforms are critical in influencing the economic, social, and environmental conditions of smallholder farmers, who represent a significant portion of the agricultural workforce in developing countries. These reforms, implemented through various strategies such as market liberalization, subsidy adjustments, and land tenure reforms, have far-reaching implications. This review article delves into the multifaceted effects of agricultural policy reforms on smallholder farmers, providing a comprehensive analysis of their historical context, economic impacts, social outcomes, and environmental consequences. By examining the evolution of these policies from the pre-structural adjustment era to the present, we aim to shed light on both the successes and challenges faced by smallholder farmers. The review also highlights case studies from different regions, illustrating the diverse experiences of smallholder farmers under varying policy frameworks. Ultimately, this article offers policy recommendations designed to enhance the resilience and productivity of smallholder farming communities, ensuring sustainable development and food security in the face of global challenges such as climate change and economic volatility. PubDate: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6804 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Puli Vishnu Vardhan Reddy, Mohammed Shafiuzama, Pushkin Raj; H, Ramesh, S, Chandrasekar, M Pages: 475 - 482 Abstract: A survey was conducted to analyze vertebral fractures in dogs presented to the Madras Veterinary College Orthopaedic Outpatient Unit during a period of one and half year. A total of 24 cases were included, predominantly males with an average weight of 16 to 18 kilograms. The primary causes identified were road traffic accidents (n=15) and high-rise syndrome (n=9), affecting predominantly dogs aged 5 months to 2 years (n=14). Non-descript breeds were most commonly affected. Fractures were most frequently observed in the caudal thoracic vertebrae (T11 to L1). CT myelography revealed ventral displacement in cases of luxation, primarily affecting the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions. This study underscores the prevalence and characteristics of vertebral fractures in dogs, highlighting the need for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management strategies. PubDate: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6805 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Chinthakindi Sreedeepya, D. Kumara swamy, T. Lavanya, D. Srinivasa Chary Pages: 483 - 487 Abstract: The present study was conducted with an objective to analyse constraints faced by farmers who are using drones, constraints faced by various stakeholders and constraints faced by farmers who are not using drones in agriculture in Warangal district of Telangana, India. Various problems faced by farmers are chosen and Garette’s ranking technique is used to know the major constraints. The major constraints faced by the farmers who are using drones in agriculture are shortage of drone suppliers with a score of 67.95, non uniform coverage with a score of 61.75. the major constraints faced by farmers who are not using drones in agriculture are high labour cost with a score of 73.12, time consuming with a score of 67.55 and the major constraints faced by the stakeholders are high initial investment with a score of 78.8, battery life with a score of 59.2. The suggestions were provided for the major constraints involved in both adopters and non adopters of drones in agriculture. PubDate: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6806 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:A. Meena, B. Manjunatha, A. Anil Kumar, Jhade Sunil, S. Vishnu Shankar, M. Manjubala, Abinayarajam D, Himanshu Sekhar Behera Pages: 488 - 506 Abstract: Spatial econometrics in agriculture focuses on modelling spatial dependencies in data, recognizing that agricultural outcomes are often influenced by geographic proximity and spatial interactions. This approach acknowledges that agricultural phenomena, such as crop yields, pest outbreaks, and soil quality, can exhibit spatial patterns that traditional econometric models may overlook. By incorporating spatial elements into econometric analysis, researchers can better understand how neighbouring regions or locations influence each other's agricultural outcomes. This is crucial for policymakers and farmers seeking to optimize resource allocation, manage environmental impacts, and enhance productivity in agriculture. Spatial econometrics provides a robust framework to uncover hidden relationships and spatial interactions within agricultural data, thereby supporting informed decision-making and sustainable agricultural practices in a spatially interconnected world. PubDate: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6807 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Som Dutt Sharma, Ananya Sharma, Ravindra Kumar Dhaka, Navjot Singh Kaler, Naresh Thakur Pages: 507 - 516 Abstract: The present study was carried out in rural areas of Jogindernagar in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh with the aim of identifying the agroforestry systems and assessing the demographic features and socio-economic status of farmers. The methodology followed for the present study in order to site selection, sampling procedure, identification of agroforestry systems, data collection, an analytical framework and valuation. The study site was selected by multistage random sampling technique. The study revealed that there are six agroforestry systems viz., agrisilviculture, agri-silvi-horticulture, agri-horticulture, agri-silvipastoral, pastoral-silviculture and pastoral-horticulture which prevails among different categories of farmers. In the medium and small categories of farmers, all the six agroforestry systems were present, while in the marginal category of farmers, the agri-silvipastoral system was absent. The average family size of the sampled households was 5.59 individuals per family. The highest sex ratio was observed in marginal farmers (990) and the lowest in medium farmer category (834). The literacy rate was recorded at its highest (91.70) in the marginal category of farmers. Most of the women were employed in the agroforestry and their livelihood depends on the farm’s income. The highest percentage of local breeds of cows was found in the all three categories of farmers. Overall, average land holding was recorded at 3.07 hectares in all sampled categories of farmers. The average land holding area was found to be maximum (1.58 ha) in medium, followed by small (1.01 ha) and marginal (0.48 ha) categories. Thus, small scale agroforestry viz., Agri-silvi-horticulture system in the subtropical region of Himachal Pradesh is recommended for social, economical and environmental benefits to the rural population for their livelihood and food security in the climate change era. PubDate: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6808 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Chavda Vimal Karamshibhai, Dilip Rasiklal Vahoniya, Alvira Rajwadi Pages: 517 - 525 Abstract: This study investigates the banana supply chain in Navi Mumbai, aiming to identify existing supply channels, analyze their efficiency, problems faced by producers and anayse the market potential of banana in the study area. Primary data were collected from respondents to accomplish these objectives. Secondary data were obtained from private and government publications, and review papers. Utilizing a descriptive research design and employing a probability sampling method, the study surveyed 50 farmers, 5 village traders, 5 pre-harvest contractors, 10 wholesalers cum commission agents, and 10 retailers using a semi-structured schedule. Three marketing channels were identified. Among them channel-III (Farmer - Wholesaler cum commission agent - Retailer - Consumer) was the most efficient option, offering the highest producer's share in the consumer's rupee (40.05%) and the highest marketing efficiency (0.67), with a price spread of Rs. 1711.55 per quintal. In the study area, banana producers face challenges such as high input costs, delayed availability of planting materials, and losses due to diseases and pests. Marketing hurdles include lower prices, distant selling unit locations, delayed payments, and inadequate transportation and storage facilities. Village traders, preharvest contractors, wholesalers cum commission agents, and retailers also encounter various obstacles such as price fluctuation, handling and transportation losses, low-quality produce, and labour shortages. As the total market demand for banana in Navi Mumbai was estimated to be ₹62.26 crore, addressing these challenges is vital for enhancing the efficiency and profitability of banana marketing in the study area, necessitating coordinated efforts from policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and market participants. Establishing FPOs and FPCs can ease access to affordable planting materials and address marketing challenges, benefiting all banana market stakeholders. PubDate: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6809 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
Authors:Sunita, Poonam Malik Pages: 526 - 533 Abstract: Background: As the number of smartphones in use rises, more parents are turning to mobile applications for parenting guidance. However, identifying quality apps for guidance on child development can be challenging for parents. Objective: This study evaluated existing mobile applications to disseminate important parenting information among Indian parents using a structured analysis method. Methodology: This app analysis study aimed to document the basic and special features of toddler parenting apps in India available to parents as they promote their child's development and health. To understand the accessibility and quality of apps for toddler parents, we conducted an analysis of apps in the Google Play Store. The Google Play Store was searched for available parenting apps using different search terms such as mom, mother, mommy, father, dad, papa, daddy, baby, kid, toddler, child, children, parent, and parenting. We screened 138 apps and evaluated 40 that met the criteria for their features and usability. Results: We found that a great number of toddler parenting apps are available, but most of the apps had foreign regions of origin (50%). The information is in English language (65%) and the apps are mostly non-interactive (60%). Conclusion: The study addresses a crucial gap in the availability and quality of mobile applications tailored for toddler parenting, specifically in the Indian context. By evaluating and highlighting the shortcomings of existing apps, the study provides valuable insights that can inform the development of more effective, culturally relevant, and interactive parenting tools. The findings also emphasize the need for localized content, which is vital for enhancing parenting practices and child development. PubDate: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6810 Issue No:Vol. 24, No. 6 (2024)
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