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- Assessing the Nutrient Intake, Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity
Level of Obese and Non-obese Women in Hisar District, India: A Cross Sectional Study Authors: Veenu Sangwan, Varsha Rani Pages: 1 - 6 Abstract: The present study was conducted on thirty obese and thirty non-obese women (30-45 years) of Hisar district, Haryana to assess their mean nutrient intake, adequacy of intake of different nutrients, energy expenditure and physical activity level. The subjects did not exhibit any health complications and, overall, were in a state of good health. It was found that the mean intake of energy, protein, fat, folic acid and magnesium by respondents was comparable to Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) i.e 98 to 129 per cent of RDA. But when assessed on parameter of adequacy it was found that only 50 to 53.3 percent of respondents consumed adequate protein. Intake of most of the nutrients (iron, β-carotene, folic acid) under study, by them, was marginally adequate to inadequate when compared to the recommended values (with few exceptions). Calcium intake of 50 per cent of non-obese women was adequate while iron intake of 66.7 per cent of them was 50 to 74.9 per cent of RDA. All the obese and non-obese women were sedentary workers and consumed more energy than their requirement. This low intake in their nutrient intake may be due to inadequate intake of protective foods and it was felt that they need awareness regarding balanced diet and endorse adoption of a healthy life style by including minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity in their daily routines. PubDate: 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41074 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Empowering Farmers to Enhance Water Use Efficiency: Innovative Practices
in SSPC Authors: Miteshkumar M Vaghasiya Pages: 7 - 12 Abstract: The Sardar Sarovar project, featuring a gravity dam on the Narmada River in Gujarat, stands as one of the largest in terms of concrete volume globally. This study investigates the project's extensive canal network and its impact on agricultural productivity in the command area. Covering a vast expanse across multiple states, the project's irrigation allocation and water management strategies are examined. Special attention is given to addressing soil degradation issues, particularly salinity, and implementing farmer-centered interventions to enhance water use efficiency. Methodologies include land rejuvenation efforts, reclamation of salt-affected land, participatory irrigation management, and promoting improved agricultural practices. Results indicate successful mitigation of soil degradation and increased crop yields through strategic interventions like cotton-castor relay cropping which has demonstrated a 1.5-fold increase in income compared to sole cropping. Intercropping with isabgul/ajwain, and implementing deficit irrigation have resulted in a substantial 43% increase in overall yield, particularly in cumin cultivation. Farmers have also embraced innovative water-saving techniques, such as alternative furrow irrigation and strategic timing of irrigation during critical growth stages, resulting in water savings of 30-35%. However, challenges remain in achieving widespread adoption of participatory irrigation management practices. The study concludes with insights into the necessity of sustained social engineering efforts and community engagement for long-term water resource management and agricultural sustainability in the project area. PubDate: 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41075 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Influence of Dietary Zinc Supplementation on Serum Minerals (Zinc,
Calcium, Phosphorus) and Liver Enzyme Level (ALP, ALT, GGT) in Layer Chicken Authors: P. S. Megha, V. Ramnath , K. V. Vishnudas Pages: 13 - 20 Abstract: The Indian industry is presently focussed in production of eggs that have higher or enriched levels of certain nutrients. These eggs are capable of safeguarding the health of consumers. Designer eggs have high market demand because of the consumers’ willingness to purchase designer eggs due to its’ nutritional qualities additional to regular eggs. Considering these facts the current study was planned to produce zinc enriched eggs by supplementing laying hens’ diet with required levels of zinc. The present study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, for 12 weeks. A total of 28 week old thirty two laying hens, belonging to crossbred (White Leghorn N strain and Desi) housed in the animal house attached to the department were used in the experiment. The treatments of this study included a control diet (according to BIS, 2007) fed group and zinc-supplemented group. Each of the experimental treatments had four replicates with four birds with all standard managemental conditions. The functional liver status of birds was not altered due to zinc supplementation, since the present study neither caused any toxicity nor imparted any negative effect on the production performance. Highly significant effect was observed on serum concentration of zinc and calcium. However, the phosphorus levels of treated birds were not significantly different from the control group. PubDate: 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41076 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Internally Displaced Persons and Socio-territorial Integration in the
Commune of Kaya in Burkina Faso: A Sustainable Solution Study Authors: Zongo Sylvestre , Ouedraogo Ibrahim , Soma Assonsi Pages: 21 - 29 Abstract: Burkina Faso, previously spared from destabilization of all kinds, suffered its first terrorist acts in April 2015 in Samorogouan. These first terrorist acts were followed by several others that led to the forced internal displacement of nearly 2,000,000 people. These IDPs have chosen 301 municipalities spread across the 13 regions of the country as destinations for refuge. The main objective of this study is to analyse the living conditions and socio-territorial integration of IDPs and durable solutions to address the crisis of forced internal displacement in the commune of Kaya. The research methodology consisted of conducting a literature review on the study topic, collecting primary data through field surveys, interviews and direct observations in the study area. The results of this study show that IDPs in Kaya commune face precarious living conditions. On the other hand, their conditions for socio-territorial integration are good in view of the cordial relations that the IDPs maintain with the host populations of the commune. In addition, durable solutions to address the forced internal displacement crisis include the resettlement of IDPs in other parts of the country, return to areas of origin and integration in IDP-hosting areas. These solutions could address forced internal displacement and address those affected. This would facilitate the reintegration or socio-territorial integration of IDPs either in their areas of origin or in their reception areas. PubDate: 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41077 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Studies on the Persistence of Pyraclostrobin 10% CS in Acidic, Neutral and
Basic Waters by Validated HPLC-DAD Method Authors: Joga Simhachalam, Gandham Hima Bindu Pages: 30 - 39 Abstract: This paper presents a method for the determination of pyraclostrobin 10% CS, a fungicide used in agriculture, in water samples with different pH values. The method is based on high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and uses a reversed-phase column and a gradient elution. The method was validated according to the SANCO guidelines and showed good linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity. The method was applied to study the persistence of pyraclostrobin 10% CS in acidic, neutral and basic water under laboratory conditions. The results showed that pyraclostrobin 10% CS was degraded rapidly in basic water with a half-life of less than ten days. The degradation products were identified by HPLC. The study involved exposing water samples to direct sunlight until the end of the experiment. The water samples had different pH levels: acidic (4.0), neutral (7.0) and basic (9.0). The water samples also contained Pyraclostrobin, a fungicide. The researchers collected aliquots of the water samples at various time intervals: 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days. The analysis continued until the Pyraclostrobin residues were below the detection limit. The DT50 can vary significantly depending on environmental conditions, such as pH levels. At pH 4, pH 7, and pH 9, the reported DT50 ranges between 6 to 8.1 days, indicating a moderate rate of degradation or dissipation in these conditions. These values suggest that the substance is relatively stable across a range of acidic to basic conditions, with only slight variations in the degradation rate. PubDate: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41078 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Assessing Financial Inclusion Impact on Economic Empowerment in
Pondicherry: A Study on Banking Scheme Beneficiaries Authors: Venkatesa Palanichamy N., Kalpana M., Ilavazhagan V., Aruna Prabha S. Pages: 40 - 46 Abstract: The Indian banking industry today is quite robust and strong to be able to take on the challenges of achieving greater financial inclusion. Access to affordable financial services, such as credit and insurance enlarges livelihood opportunities and empowers the poor to take care of their lives. These empowerment aids will create social and political stability. Customers who are account holders in Indian bank under financial inclusion scheme in Pondicherry formed the population of the study. The bank stated that thousands of customers were covered under this scheme. Since the study focus only on individual account holders, of financial inclusion. List of individual account holders was obtained from the bank case firm. Majority (60 per cent) of the respondents’ income was in the range of around Rs. 3,000 – 5, 000 per month. 64 per cent of sample respondents were living in the concrete roofed houses. About 37 per cent of respondents were visiting the bank once in a month followed 33 per cent visits as and when it requires. The economic empowerment index revealed that there was no significant improvement in the savings pattern, increase in income and housing condition and it was found that there was slow and insignificant level of economic empowerment taking place among the socially disadvantageous people even after the financial inclusion under NPPFI scheme implemented by banks. It could be concluded that the scheme had not brought any significant change in the life style and economic status of the people who are supposed to be its beneficiaries. PubDate: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41079 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Assessment of Heterocyclic
Schiff Base Metal Complexes Authors: Y. Prashanthi , K. Kiranmai , Tentu Nageswara Rao , Shivaraj Pages: 47 - 56 Abstract: MIIMC, MMIIMC, and CMIIMC are biologically significant Schiff bases formed by the condensation of 3-amino-5-methyl isoxazole with formyl chromone. Substituted formyl chromones and metal chelates containing Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) are prepared. These were studied utilising elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-VIS, 1H, 13C, mass spectra, magnetic susceptibility, conductance tests, and thermogravimetric techniques. The data revealed that the ligands display neutral, bidentate coordination through carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The antibacterial activity of the ligands and metal complexes is determined in vitro against bacteria and fungus using the paper disc method. Metal chelates have significantly higher MIC values against bacteria than ligands. The DNA binding properties of Cu(II) complexes were examined. MTT is used to determine the complexes' anticancer efficacy against HL60 tumour cells. The researchers discovered that the complexes prevented apparent morphological alterations. The inhibition ratio was hastened by increasing the dosage, and it had a strong positive association with the medicine dosage. Thermal analysis of complexes showed initial mass loss due to moisture and hydrated water molecules, followed by weight loss at 220oC due to coordinated water molecules, indicating metal oxide breakdown. PubDate: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41080 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Effect of Growth Retardants on Plant Yield and Seed Quality of Groundnut
(Arachis hypogaea L.) Authors: B. Srikanth, B. Santhosh, P. Sandhya Rani, K. John Pages: 57 - 63 Abstract: A field experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2023 at dryland farm of S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati campus of Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications and two Genotypes as main factor (G1- Dharani, G2- K-6), growth retardants as sub factor (T1- Control + RDF of NPK, T2- MH @ 2000 ppm at 20 DAS, T3- MH @ 2000 ppm at 45 DAS, T4- PBZ @ 250 ppm at 20 DAS, T5- PBZ @ 250 ppm at 45 DAS , T6- ABA @ 250 ppm at 20 DAS, T7- ABA @ 250 ppm at 45 DAS, T8- ABA @ 500 ppm at 20 DAS, T9- ABA @ 500 ppm at 45 DAS, T10- CCC @ 5000 ppm at 20 DAS, T11- CCC @ 5000 ppm at 45 DAS). The current experiment was conducted with an objective to study the impact of growth retardants on reduction of plant stature thereby enhancing the reproductive and assimilates partitioning efficiency. Results revealed that application of T5- PBZ @ 250 ppm at 45 DAS recorded higher Pod yield, Kernel yield, 100 kernel weight, protein content and oil content. PubDate: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41081 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- The Role of Bio-fortification in Enhancing the Nutritional Quality of
Vegetables: A Review Authors: Badri Lal Nagar, Satendra Singh Thakur, Pawan Kumar Goutam, Pramod Kumar Prajapati, Rakesh Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Rajat Singh, Arun Kumar Pages: 64 - 77 Abstract: Bio-fortification is a process that enhances the nutritional quality of crops, including vegetables, by increasing their micronutrient content. It can be achieved through different approaches such as agronomic, conventional breeding, and transgenic/biotechnological methods. Vegetables are known to be rich in micronutrients, vitamins, antioxidants, and other health-benefiting compounds, making them essential for a balanced diet. However, malnutrition and hidden hunger continue to be global challenges, particularly in developing countries. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A, are prevalent in these populations. Conventional breeding focuses on selecting genotypes with desirable nutritional traits without compromising agricultural productivity. Transgenic/biotechnological approaches involve the synthesis of transgenes to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients in plants. Bio-fortification of vegetables is particularly important as they are rich sources of micronutrients, vitamins, and other health-benefiting compounds. However, improving the nutritional quality of vegetables through conventional breeding has had limited success, and modern molecular tools and techniques offer potential for handling complex traits and developing nutrient-dense varieties. Bio-fortification offers a sustainable solution to address these deficiencies by increasing the nutrient content of crops, particularly plant-based foods. These techniques have shown promising results in increasing the concentration of nutrients, such as iron, in vegetables, thereby improving their nutritional quality. PubDate: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41082 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Exploring Risk Factors of Suicidal Behaviour among Medical Professionals
in the UK: A Retrospective Analysis of Online News Portals Authors: Maruthi Kalyan Challagundla, Divya Vinnakota, Qazi M. Rahman, Ancy Chandrababu Mercy Bai, Russell Kabir Pages: 78 - 86 Abstract: Suicide is a significant global health burden. The demanding nature of the healthcare profession, combined with unique stressors and challengses, puts medical professionals at risk of mental health difficulties, including suicidal ideation and attempts. This study aims to investigate suicidal behaviour among medical professionals in the United Kingdom by reviewing online news portals and focusing on the risk factors associated with suicide. Seven online news portals from the UK were purposefully selected for the study, focusing on news reports of suicides among medical professionals. Only English online news portals were chosen, as English is the standard language in the country. Out of the 61 reports, 37.7% of the reported suicides were among males, and 62.3% were among females. The age distribution of the suicide reports revealed that the majority of the cases are within the 20-30 age range (42.6%). Mental health issues and fear of losing their job were also prominent reasons (24.6%). Suicide among healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom has drawn little attention. Suicide is more prevalent in early adulthood and among female professionals. Nurses, doctors, and junior doctors are more likely to commit suicide. PubDate: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41083 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Design and Implementation of a Standardised Clinical Decision Support
Algorithm for Fever Authors: P. O. Ana, A. E. Edim, U. J. Ekah, G. A. Inyang, F. P. Ana Pages: 87 - 98 Abstract: This study aims to design a decision support tool to assist in providing quality treatment that is consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian National guidelines. The system is designed to allow clinicians to administer care within their competent level working from one algorithm. The system will help them to identify emergencies associated with fever symptoms and to recommend stabilisation actions before a referral is made. This new system allows structured assessment of patients who should receive optimal care and improved data transmission to the next caregiver. In this study, we used an explanatory approach, starting with the quantitative data collection phase which is the administration of questionnaires and Pre and Post questionnaires followed by qualitative data from focus group discussions over the clinician experience using the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). Focus group discussions were performed to authenticate the quantitative data to have a more holistic view of the CDSS. Using elements of the decision support system together with the clinician's decision showed that the clinicians felt that they worked more systematically and communicated more effectively with others. They felt more professional when using the decision support system. 73% of clinicians reported using CDSS in almost every consultation and 93% used the CDSS in the majority of their consultations during the three-month testing period. The mean total test score before the CDSS was 2.5 and this increased by the end of the test period to a mean score of 9.6, an improvement of 74.4%. The results of this study showed that with the help of a decision support system, patients were properly identified and stabilised before they were referred, and the clinicians stayed on their competency level. It allowed caregivers to interact professionally without bias. However, the decision support system requires more extensive testing to enhance the evidence base relating to the vital parameters and the use of the decision support system. PubDate: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41084 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Bovine Renal Lipofuscinosis in a Tanzanian Crossbred Yearling Male Calf: A
Case Report Authors: Seleman Nasib Masola Pages: 99 - 105 Abstract: Aim: To report a rare case of bovine renal lipofuscinosis (BRL) that was encountered incidentally at necropsy. Presentation of the Case: In June 2023 an yearling male calf was found dead in one of the dairy cattle farms in Mbeya city, Tanzania; after being sick for about a week. The owner requested a necropsy service to establish the cause of the death of the animal. Necropsy revealed significant gross pathological changes in a liver that was cooked-like and shrunken, with flabby consistence and large pale necrotic foci. Furthermore, dark blue discoloration of both kidneys with normal morphology was evident. Based on the history and gross pathological findings, the animal was diagnosed to have died from acute hepatitis. Differential diagnosis for kidney discoloration included hemachromatosis, renal hemosiderosis, BRL, and melanotic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC). After ruling out hemachromatosis, renal hemosiderosis and MRCC in the list of possible causes of kidney discoloration based on the lack of gross pathological findings, particularly hepatic fibrosis, pallor, and a mass of tumor tissue in the kidneys that are characteristic of hemachromatosis, renal hemosiderosis and MRCC, respectively; the cause of kidney discoloration was diagnosed as BRL. Discussion: In this necropsy, the history and gross pathology suggested that the animal’s death could be attributed to acute liver failure, which is one of the sequelae of acute hepatitis. Kidney discoloration was not considered an attribute factor to the animal’s death because, with the exception of discoloration, the kidneys did not have gross pathological changes. Moreover, to date there has been no report of a clinical disease in cattle associated with BRL. However, BRL is an important disorder because it leads to condemnation of the affected kidneys as unfit for human consumption. Conclusion: The case of BRL reported here was an incidental finding at necropsy, and is not associated with the death of the animal. PubDate: 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41085 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Studies on Creation of Operational Range of Soil Fertility to Evolve
Fertilizer Prescription Equations under Soil Test Crop Response Correlation Studies on Rainfed Bt Cotton Authors: Sherene Jenita Rajammal; T, S. Maragatham, R. Santhi Pages: 106 - 109 Abstract: To derive fertilizer prescription equations for rainfed Bt cotton within the framework of Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) studies, a meticulously designed gradient experiment was executed at the esteemed Cotton Research Station located in Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Employing a targeted yield methodology, the investigation centered on the cultivation of fodder sorghum as the exhaustive crop during the kharif season. Adhering to an inductive-cum-yield target approach, the experimental plot was meticulously partitioned into three equitably-sized strips, each delineating a distinct fertility gradient. These gradients were meticulously established through the application of varying fertilizer regimes: N0P0K0, N1P1K1, and N2P2K2. Notably, the recommended fertilizer regimen (N1P1K1) encompassed precise quantities of essential nutrients, specifically 60 kg ha-1 of nitrogen (N), 345 kg ha-1 of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and 96 kg ha-1 of potassium oxide (K2O). Fodder sorghum emerged as the strategic choice for the exhaustive crop, strategically cultivated to expedite the transformation of applied fertilizers within the soil matrix, leveraging both plant and microbial processes. The overarching objective of this methodological approach was to establish a discernible operational range of soil fertility across the designated fertility strips. This was meticulously evaluated through meticulous analyses of variations in fodder yield uptake and pertinent soil test values. PubDate: 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41086 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Constraints Faced and Suggestions Offered by Women Self Help Group Members
in Cuddalore District, India Authors: P. Vaishnavi , P. Ramesh Pages: 110 - 114 Abstract: Women's empowerment is essential to ensuring equal access to opportunities and their rights are properly respected. This is accomplished by enhancing and expanding women's social, economic, political, and legal existence. The present study was conducted in Cuddalore Block of Cuddalore District. A proportionate random sampling procedure was applied to select 120 respondents. They were members of Mahalir's Women Self-Help Group. Thittam project under, the organizational efforts taken by the Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of Women (TNCDW) to define the constraints faced and suggestions offered by the members of SHGs. The study found that lack of awareness about credit sources, followed by a lack of adequate communication skills and more dependence on leaders are the major personal constraints faced by women SHG members. Also, insufficient credit facilities, followed by a lack of periodical training and a lack of marketing channels for selling their produce, are the major organisational constraints women SHG members face. Among the suggestions, the majority of the members offered to increase the loan amount, enhance the subsidy amount to the women members and create employment opportunities for women members. PubDate: 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41087 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Utilization of Parthenium Leaf Extract for the Effective Management of
Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Authors: Megha V Rajeev, Iyarin Thanka Mahil E, Mohanapriya R, Vishnuvardhan Reddy K Pages: 115 - 124 Abstract: Quick emergence of Cyperus create competition in the crop production which reduces the crop yield. Nowadays, the more importance is given to sustainable agriculture. Application of allelochemicals can control the Cyperus sustainably. With this notion, field experiment was conducted at The Indian Agriculture College, Radhapuram during summer 2023 to evaluate utilization of Parthenium leaf extract (PLE) for the effective management of Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design (CRD) having three replications and seven treatments viz., PLE @ 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, PLE @ 10% + Glyphosate @ 1.5%, Glyphosate @ 1.5% alone and Control. Application of PLE @ 11% on 3, 10 and 20 DAP, significantly reduces the Cyperus rotundus germination percentage, dry weight, Vigour Index, total Cyperus length, tuber weight, moisture content, chlorophyll content and also improved the Cyperus control efficiency due to the presence of allelochemicals. PubDate: 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41088 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Exploitation of Grafting for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in
Vegetable Crops: A Review Authors: Nisha A. Nadoda , D. C. Barot , V. K. Baria , V. M. Chaudhari Pages: 125 - 131 Abstract: Growing vegetables is often impacted by various abiotic and biotic stresses that can hinder growth and yield. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, water stress, and temperature fluctuations, and biotic stresses, including diseases, pests, and nematodes, pose significant threats to agriculture. Grafting, a horticultural technique, offers a promising solution to overcome these challenges. In cases of salinity stress, grafting with salt-tolerant rootstocks can limit the transport of harmful ions to the shoot and help store them in the roots, mitigating ion toxicity. Water stress, including drought and water logging, can be addressed by grafting with drought-tolerant rootstocks, which can reduce yield losses and enhance photosynthesis under adverse water conditions. Grafting can also improve nutrient uptake, translocation of water, and osmoregulation, thereby assisting plants in surviving under water stress. High and low-temperature stresses, which can disrupt plant metabolism, membrane stability, and growth, can also be addressed through grafting. Grafted plants with temperature-tolerant rootstocks may indirectly enhance tolerance to extreme temperatures. Additionally, grafted plants can adapt to varying temperature conditions by promoting root growth, nutrient absorption, and the production of specific compounds that protect against temperature-related damage. Heavy metal stress, which can contaminate crops and impact human health, can be alleviated by using rootstocks that control the uptake and transport of heavy metals, reducing their toxicity to plants. Furthermore, grafting can effectively combat biotic stresses. By selecting disease-resistant rootstocks, plants can be protected against soil-borne diseases, pests, and nematodes, thereby increasing yields and sustainability in agriculture. PubDate: 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41089 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Safe Hands, Safe Earth: Prioritizing Security and Sustainability in
Medical Waste Management Authors: Twinkle, Manju Mehta , Jatesh Kathpalia Jatesh Pages: 132 - 139 Abstract: Proper management of biomedical waste reflects the ethical responsibility of healthcare providers and institutions to protect public health, the environment, and the well-being of their communities. Overall, the effective management of biomedical waste is crucial for safeguarding public health, protecting the environment, ensuring occupational safety, complying with regulations, and fulfilling social responsibilities. Healthcare workers who handle biomedical waste are at risk of needle stick injuries, exposure to infectious agents, and other hazards. Addressing the challenges requires a multi-faceted approach involving government initiatives, regulatory enforcement, public awareness campaigns, investment in infrastructure and technology, training programs for healthcare workers, and collaboration with stakeholders across sectors. By addressing these issues, India can improve its capacity for biomedical waste management. PubDate: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41090 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Sustainable Tea Initiatives with the Adoption of Inhana Rational Farming
Technology to Address the Principles of Regenerative Farming for Crop Sustainability and Reduction of Pesticide Usage Authors: Bera R., Datta A, Bose S., Barik A.K., Asthana A., Seal A Pages: 140 - 166 Abstract: The tea sector faces daunting economic challenges stemming from reduced yields due to climate impacts, increased pest and pesticide use, inferior quality and low tea prices, rising production costs and shifts in worker availability. Adoption of sustainable cultivation practices addressing the principles of regenerative farming can build resilience in tea production and also lessen the negative impact on the environment. A sustainable initiative was taken by Goodricke Group Limited in collaboration with Inhana Organic Research Foundation (IORF) towards restoration of soil quality, crop sustainability and reduction of pesticide usage. To meet the set targets Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) was the adopted as the crop technology, which focused on soil and plant health management. The study encompassed two time periods, i.e., the pre-COVID era (2013–2019) and post-COVID era (2020–2022), during which crop performance, pesticide usage and soil quality development were documented. The findings clearly showed the impact of sustainable initiative in terms of better crop performance, lowering of pesticide use and improvement of soil health (where ever soil management was continued). This study clearly indicated that an investment in the sustainability account not only ensures crop sustenance and improvement in the long run and enable a reduction in the requirement for agrochemicals, of higher importance is the regeneration of soil health and improvement of resilience towards climate impact, which is critical for both present and future sustenance of the plantation as well as better economic security. PubDate: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41091 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Exploring the Importance of Collaborative Approaches to Community-based
Counselling Interventions in Local Communities Authors: Frank Lamadoku Attila , Bernice Serwaa Ofosuhene Peasah, Stephen Ofori , Dominic Nti Buabeng , Mathew Amoako , Samrat Ray , Grace Yeboah Pages: 167 - 175 Abstract: Collaborative counselling and community-based interventions are recognised as important strategies for addressing various challenges faced by local communities. Aim: This study explores attitudes and perceptions towards collaborative counselling and community-based counselling interventions. Methods: Using a qualitative design and semi-structured interview guide, data were collected through interviews with five interviewees (including two Native Doctors). Data Analysis: The Braun and Clarke's Reflexive Thematic Analysis was employed to analyse the data. Findings: Collaborative approaches, involving community members and organisations in intervention development and implementation, were perceived as effective and sustainable. Cultural sensitivity and ongoing professional development were highlighted as crucial for the successful implementation of community-based counselling interventions. Recommendations: Guidance and counselling practitioners should recognise the value of community-based interventions, develop collaborative skills, incorporate cultural sensitivity, advocate for these interventions, and engage in continuous professional development. Contribution to Knowledge: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the effectiveness and sustainability of community interventions in guidance services, underscoring the importance of collaborative approaches. PubDate: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41092 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Assessment of Noise Levels in Domestic Kitchen of Urban Areas of Jorhat
City Authors: Kimbai A. Sangma, Kalita Mira Pages: 176 - 182 Abstract: Environmental parameter mainly noise has a profound effect on human performance, efficiency and efficacy. Noise is an invisible indoor environmental factor that affects the quality of life and productivity of the workers in cooking activity. The present study on assessment of noise level in domestic kitchen of urban areas of Jorhat city was proposed to assess noise level in the kitchen during cooking and to study the relationship between dependent and independent variables. A purposive cum random sampling method was adopted for the study. From Jorhat city 56 numbers of households were selected randomly and women who take part in cooking is unit of enquiry for the purpose of the study. Both interview and observation methods were used for the collection of data on noise level. Noise level-meter is an instrument used for measurement of noise level. Chi square test was done to identify the relationship between variables. The findings showed that the average noise level was found to be 64.70 dB which is more than the permissible or acceptable level of noise (55 dB). The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between noise with brand name of the kitchen chimney (‘p’=0.041*). Majority of the respondents were not aware about congenial kitchen environment and noise created by chimney in the study area. Conducive kitchen environment is very important to improve work performance and reduction of health hazards. PubDate: 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41093 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Alcoholism, Family Violence and Related Consequences: A Case Study of
Alcohol Affected Families of Punjab Authors: Honey Kumar Pages: 183 - 193 Abstract: Aims: The main objective of the study was to understand the issues of alcoholism and violence in the family. It discusses how alcoholism leads to family violence and further, derails the life of family members and put an institution of family into a crisis. Study Design: The study was based on fieldwork conducted in different parts of Punjab. Exploratory research design was prepared to understand the issue. Methodology: Sample of 100 families were selected for study and further, four members in each family namely, the alcoholic, spouse, one of the parents and one of the children were selected for the interview, so that an overall picture of family violence can be obtained. A total number of 303 respondents (100 alcoholics, 73 spouse, 68 children, and 62 parents) are interviewed. Semi-structured interview schedule used for data collection purpose. With the help of snowball technique, sampled families and their members are located and interviewed. Results: The study found 87% of the families faced the incident of violence due to the critical addiction of alcoholic members. Among these families, 80.82% spouses, 79.03% parents and 64.70% children were the victim of violence. Physical abuse was found very common among spouses (69.86%), verbal abuse among parents (91.78%) and mental abuse among children (63.01%). Majority (57.47%) families, who faced violence, belongs to low income category and less education category (86.18%). Conclusion: The study concludes, critical addiction of alcohol leaves the highest probability for occurrence of violence in the family. Further, it increases the probability of more critical consumption of alcohol among alcoholics and then more violence. Gradually, all of this turn into a vicious circle of critical drinking and family violence. Moreover, this creates many troubles for all members of the family and pushes the institution of family towards crisis. PubDate: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41094 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Causes and Hazards of Perimeter Rock Cavities behind Shield Tunnels
Authors: Jingzhong Zhang Pages: 194 - 199 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the reasons for the generation of voids in the surrounding rock behind water transmission shield tunnels and the potential hazards they bring. Firstly, it analyzes in detail the possible causes of cavities from the aspects of geological conditions, construction technology, material properties, etc. On the basis of literature research, the causes and distribution patterns of the perimeter rock cavities behind the water transfer shield tunnels were explored with respect to the locations and sizes of the cavities behind the tube sheets. Secondly, it systematically elaborates the hazards of cavities on tunnels from the aspects of structural stability, use function, operation safety, etc. Finally, it proposes corresponding preventive measures and countermeasures for the problem of cavities. This paper aims to provide valuable reference for the design, construction and operation management of shield tunnels, which is of great theoretical significance and practical value for the safe construction and long-term operation of shield tunnels. PubDate: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41095 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Cross-cultural Communication Barriers in Zambian Healthcare: Implications
for Patient Care Authors: Chishiba Gerald, Lunda Victor Pages: 200 - 206 Abstract: Some members of the Zambian society have frequently raised concerns over errors and delays observed during the treatment of patients in clinics and hospitals. They have argued that these challenges could have been caused by inadequate communication between the medical staff and their patients. This article looks specifically at the cross-cultural communication barriers that are found in healthcare and their implications on patient care. In this study, we focus on a number of cross-cultural challenges that have frequently hindered effective communication between health care providers and their patients in two public medical facilities in our Country. The study specifically concentrated on two public health institutions, namely: Katondo clinic and Kabwe General Hospital. A qualitative research design was deemed most appropriate, because it allowed for a deep exploration of the subjective experiences and perspectives of both healthcare workers and patients. Semi-structured interview questions were used to gather in-depth insights from participants. In addition, observations of interactions between healthcare providers and their patients at Katondo Clinic and the General hospital were also conducted as part of the study. We thereafter analysed data collected. The findings of this research work revealed that the main cross-cultural barriers to communication are language, ethnocentrism, conflicting value and psychological issues, just to mention a few. The results further revealed a number of serious linguistic and cultural challenges hindering communication between the medical staff and their patients, such as language differences, limited or absence of professional interpreting services, as well as inadequate cultural and linguistic competence among the medical experts. These challenges have, in many instances, resulted in inappropriate health service delivery. Many a scholar have argued that language plays an important role in human organisations such as the Ministry of Health. This study concluded, inter alia, that a deliberate language policy framework should be developed, in order to address the communication challenges between the health care providers and their patients in Zambia. It should be hoped that once the language policy has been put in place, it will significantly reduce the communication challenges between the two parties. Furthermore, Health facilities should consider training or employing qualified interpreters. PubDate: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41097 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Mental Health and Quality Sleep among Brazilian Medical Students during
Covid-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Factors Authors: Gabriel S. Mendonça, Gabriel R. Medeiros, Gilsiane S. Sampaio, Eduarda R. Rabello, Daniela R. Freitas, Gabriella M. L. Oliveira, Paulo M. A. Lima Pages: 207 - 218 Abstract: Aims: Due the pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19), stricter measures to limit unessential interactions were adopted, including the suspension of classroom lessons and the implementation of the distance learning regime. As these restrictions change lifestyles, this study aimed to assess the impacts of social distancing on mental health and sleep quality in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Medical school in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Data collection took place from June 1 to July 1, 2020. Methodology: This study used self-administered questionnaires answered by students from a Public University in Brazil. The collection instrument consisted of four parts: socioeconomic variables, self-perception of health, Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Absolute and relative frequencies described the sample, Chi-square test and Student’s t-test tested associations between the variables, Pearson’s correlation tested the relationship between PSQI and SRQ-20. Results: Of the 210 participants, 138 students (65.7%) had scores suggestive of mental distress by the SRQ-20; women had a higher risk when compared to men (women 67.7% vs. men 49%, p < .01). 186 students (88.6%) had poor sleep quality according to the PSQI; women also had higher sleep disturbance (women 1.26 ± 0.06 vs. men 1.35 ± 0.04, p < .05). Mental distress measures were positively correlated with sleep quality (r = 0.611, p < .001). Conclusion: The strict preventive measures, and the radical changes in the lifestyle of medical students had a negative impact on the quality of their sleep and mental state. The students showed high levels of mental distress and poor sleep quality, and women appear to be an important risk factor. Implementation of interventions for well-being in pandemic condition by universities, and special focus to the most affected groups (such as women), should be stimulated. PubDate: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41098 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Lining Structure of Water Conveyance Tunnel under Earthquake Action
Research on Damage Law Authors: Zhenxuan Gao Pages: 219 - 231 Abstract: Based on the concrete damage plasticity constitutive model (CDP model) of ABAQUS software, the dynamic response of high pressure internal water conveyance tunnel during earthquake is simulated, and the dynamic response and dynamic damage law of high internal water pressure water conveyance tunnel structure under surrounding rock grade, buried depth and seismic wave intensity are analyzed. The research shows that the surrounding rock grade is closely related to the dynamic response and damage characteristics of the lining structure of the water conveyance tunnel. The dynamic damage of the tunnel under grade Ⅲ surrounding rock is only 0.08, which is far less than 0.83 under grade Ⅳ surrounding rock. It can be considered that it will not cause great damage to grade Ⅲ surrounding rock under earthquake. The surrounding rock grade is better, which can provide more stable support and reduce the stress and vibration of the structure. If the tunnel is in the seismic zone, the buried depth can be used as one of the design control indexes in the tunnel design. The lining damage is mainly distributed at the top and upper arch waist of the tunnel. With the increase of the buried depth of the tunnel, the dynamic damage amount increases from 0.021 to 0.081, then to 0.085. the damage of the lining structure also increases. This may be because the deep buried tunnel is more constrained by the underground rock and soil layer, thereby reducing the transmission of seismic load. The change of seismic wave intensity can directly affect the damage characteristics of tunnel lining structure. The dynamic damage mainly occurs at the vault and arch waist, and the damage area expands from the vault and arch waist to the side wall and corner. The increase of seismic wave intensity will lead to dramatic changes in the stress of the structure, which will lead to more complex and serious damage. PubDate: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41099 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- A Review on Seismic Response Analysis Methods for Underground Structures
Authors: Panpan Zhao Pages: 232 - 241 Abstract: Seismic safety of underground structures is of paramount importance. This paper reviews the current research status of seismic response analysis methods for underground structures, focuses on the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages, and applicability of the proposed static method and dynamic time course analysis method. It also analyses their applications in engineering. It is shown that the seismic coefficient method, although simple, may have relatively large calculation errors due to oversimplification. The free-field deformation method is simple in form and easy to implement, but ignores soil-structure interaction. The flexibility coefficient method is simple in form and considers soil-structure interaction, but ignores many factors. The reaction displacement method directly reflects the soil-structure interaction, but the foundation spring parameters are difficult to value. The reaction acceleration method has the same advantages as the reaction displacement method, but there is a certain error. The dynamic time-course analysis method is accurate but computationally intensive. PubDate: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41100 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Measure Constraints Faced by Farm Women Using ICT Tools by Garett Ranking
Method Authors: Shivani Jha, S. K. Kashyap Pages: 242 - 247 Abstract: Traditionally the extension services have focused on male farmers. In the last few decades the concern regarding farm women have been raised globally. There is immediate need to equip these farm women with relevant knowledge and skill. It is only possible if appropriate and relevant Information communication technology (ICT) tools are made available to farm women to get information related to agriculture. The present study was conducted in the Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand state to identify the constraints faced by farm women while using ICT tools. Garrett ranking was used. For this study, respondents were selected by using a Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method. To derive the inferences of the study, two blocks were selected for the present study. The study covered four villages & it covered 120 farm women in the selected villages. Data for the study was collected during 2019-20. Primary data was collected from farm women through personal interview method with the help of a pretested schedule. The main personal constraints noticed were lack of preference in using Information communication technology (ICT), lack of training, lack of confidence, lack of motivation and lack of time to utilize Information communication technology (ICT). The main technological constraints were language problem to use Information communication technology (ICT), complex nature of Information communication technology (ICT) restricted availability and restricted accessibility to Information communication technology (ICT) tools. The main cultural constraints were lack of faith in Information communication technology (ICT) tools, traditional belief in the existing system, discouragement from the family and society. The main infrastructural barriers were poor electricity services and poor network connectivity. PubDate: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41101 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Comparative Study of Unfractionated Heparins and Low Molecular Weight
Heparin on Skin Wound Repair Authors: Natália Lopes Viana, Francyelle Borges Rosa de Moura, José Augusto Leoncio Gomide, Bruno Antonio Ferreira, Elusca Helena Muniz, Fernanda de Assis Araújo, Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro, Mauro Sérgio Gonçalves Pavão, Edson Rosa Pimentel, Tatiana Carla Tomiosso Pages: 248 - 257 Abstract: Aims: Heparin (HP) has aroused interest in the treatment of skin wounds. The HP extraction sources and the chemical diversity of its structural chain result in different clinical responses. In this study, a comparison was made among the effects of unfractionated heparin from bovine (bovHP) and swine (swi.HP) sources and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on skin lesions treatment. Study Design: Wounds were induced on the back of Swiss mice using a punch. Then, the wounds were treated with heparins for 3 and 7 days. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Animal Breeding Network and Rodents of the Federal University of Uberlândia, between April 2018 and February 2020. Methodology: Wound closure was performed with a digital caliper. The inflammatory infiltrate was assessed by the activity of neutrophils and macrophages. Angiogenesis was measured by quantifying blood vessels and measuring hemoglobin. While fibrogenesis was assessed by picrosirius red staining. Results: None of the heparins had a healing effect. Swi.HP showed delay in wound closure and intensification of the inflammatory process compared to bov.HP. Swine and bovine heparins showed pro-angiogenic activity, although this did not differ between them. Difference between the groups of heparins was observed in relation to the deposition and organization of collagen fibers, with a reduction in fibrogenesis in wounds of the LMWH group compared to the other heparins, especially bov.HP. A better fibrogenic activity was observed for bov.HP. Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that the source of the heparin used should be considered, as its pharmacological response for wound treatment is quite diverse. Although none of the heparins was able to accelerate wound closure, bov.HP had an anti-inflammatory and pro- fibrogenic effect compared to the other heparins and therefore showed the best response in this experimental model. PubDate: 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41102 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the Tensile Strength of Epoxy Based
Bio-composite Authors: Neeraj Bisht, Nisha Rani Pages: 258 - 270 Abstract: Rice husk is a major agricultural waste which has very little practical application for the farmers. It has been used as a fibre with various resins to produce composites. If burnt it produces ashwhich contains 90% Silica which has high abrasive strength and can contribute to mechanical strength of composites. In the present work RHA was obtained by incinerating RH at about 6000C for 6 hours. The ash obtained with this procedure is shiny white in colour and rich in silica. The ash obtained by this process was mixed in various weight proportions with epoxy and powdered rice husk to obtain bio composites. Mechanical tests were conducted to assess the strength of the composite. It was observed that incorporation of RHA as a fibre improved various mechanical properties upto a certain weight proportion where after it started decreasing. SEM tests were conducted to understand the failure mechanism. It can be concluded that RHA can be a suitable fibre for bio composites up to a limited range. In future however better casting techniques can be developed to utilize the abrasive strength of this abundant resource. PubDate: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41103 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Optimizing Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Breeding and Larval Nurturing for
Materialistic Aquaculture Utilizing Synthetic Hormones Authors: Dhrubajyoti Panja, Rakhi Das, Bijay Kali Mahapatra, Deepak Kher Pages: 271 - 275 Abstract: Gold fish (Carassius auratus) are familiar in India as an ornamental freshwater fish with economic importance. This experiment aimed to explore the possibility for mass-scale breeding and larval rearing of goldfish under biofloc setup. Natural brooders were collected, acclimatized and induced to breed utilizing synthetic hormones at various dosages. Breeding execution parameters namely spawning success, fertilization rate and hatching performance were analysed. The highest fertilization and hatching rate were gradually noticed at 80.8% and 80.9% by using a dose of 0.4ml/kg body weight for females and 0.2ml/kg for males. Larval rearing was accomplish by applying several live and formulated feeds across various life stages in normal rearing tanks and biofloc tanks also. The growth performance of larvae in biofloc tanks express a satisfactory rate, with a maximum weight gain of 7.1 g and length gain of 5 cm over 120 days compared to 5.1 g and 3.5 cm in normal tanks. Water quality parameters were kept within the optimum range all over the experiment. The functionable study exhibits the viability of captive breeding and mass scale larval nurturing of goldfish employing induced breeding techniques and biofloc technology. PubDate: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41104 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Assessment of Okra Genotypes for Resistance against Shoot and Fruit Borer,
Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus and Enation Leaf Curl Virus under Natural Field Conditions Authors: Barot; D. C, Parmar, V. K, Patel, R. K, Patel, N. B, Patel, A. I, Desai, K. D, Bhanderi, D. R, Alok Srivastava Pages: 276 - 285 Abstract: India is a key player in okra production with Andhra Pradesh leading state in cultivation. However, the crop faces significant challenges from Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) and enation leaf curl virus (ELCV) which severely impact yield and quality. The study conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Regional Horticultural Research Station, evaluated 37 okra genotypes for resistance against these biotic stresses. The genotypes, including 8 parents and 28 hybrids were assessed under three different environments in a Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that none of the genotypes were immune to shoot and fruit borer infestation, YVMV and ELCV. However, some hybrids demonstrated resistance or tolerance to these stresses with the top three hybrids displaying high levels of resistance against shoot and fruit borer infestation, moderate resistance against YVMV and high tolerance to ELCV. Nevertheless, none of the hybrids showed consistent immunity across all environments. PubDate: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41105 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Morphometric Study of the Jacuí River Watershed in João Monlevade (MG):
A Geographic Perspective Authors: Maísa Comar Pinhotti Aguiar Pages: 286 - 296 Abstract: Knowledge of the characteristics of a watershed is fundamental to understanding the environmental dynamics of this planning unit. In this sense, the objective of this work was to characterize the morphometric aspects of the Córrego Jacuí watershed, located in the municipality of João Monlevade (MG), since this characterization makes it possible to understand the hydrological behaviour of the watershed and provide subsidies for its management. The bibliographic survey showed no morphometric studies available for the watershed studied. Considering the increasing urbanization of the basin, these first studies are important to understand its dynamics. The study used the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) image with a resolution of 30 m and the digital elevation model (DEM) generated from it. The geoprocessing of the watershed information was carried out using tools from the free software Quantum Gis (QGIS). The morphometric parameters determined for the studied basin were area, perimeter, total length of tributary channels, compactness coefficient (Kc), shape factor (Kf), drainage density (Dd) and circularity index (Ic). The results indicate that the basin is elongated, with moderately developed dendritic drainage and a low to moderate propensity to flood under average annual rainfall conditions. It should be noted, however, that land use and occupation activity that interferes with the main channel can alter this trend by silting up the watercourse, making flooding more frequent than the morphometric characteristics of the watershed indicate. PubDate: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41106 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Psychological State of Teachers: Developing and Validating a Standardised
Scale Authors: Solomon Jil Barimah, Mathew Amoako, Isaac Kow Gaisey, Joseph Akpadago, Daniel Inkoom, Frank Lamadoku Attila, Kyeremeh Tawiah Dabone, Samrat Ray, Emmanuel Eshun, Joseph Asamoah-Gyawu Pages: 297 - 310 Abstract: People show different emotional and psychological states over time due to stress, workload, sleep and other factors. This study examined the emotional and psychological states of 200 Junior High School Teachers. The study employed the quantitative method. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, Pearson's Correlation and Regression. The instrument was made based on the experiences of the researchers and available literature. Confirmatory Factor analysis led to the reduction of the number of items on the questionnaire to 40. The results showed that teachers do not freely express their emotions, which affects their sleep patterns. The final questionnaire has strong psychometric properties, including a clear factor structure and adequate reliability. Based on these findings, we recommend that stakeholders like the Ministries of Health and Labour educate teachers on emotion management and encourage them to seek psychological and medical support. We also urge the Ministry of Education to prioritize mental well-being among teachers by incorporating coping methods like positive, emotional, religious, and social coping. To the Mental Health Authority, we recommended that they must intensify their efforts to demystify mental health services, making them accessible to all, and to avoid viewing mental health problems solely through a spiritual lens. PubDate: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41107 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Mandibular Sialoadenectomy in Dog with Sialocele: Case Report
Authors: Larissa Barbosa Torres, Eliza Maria Dias, Iago Martins Oliveira Pages: 311 - 315 Abstract: The report aims to describe a case of left mandibular sialocele in a dog. A male, castrated, Shih Tzu dog, weighing 7 kilograms and five years old, was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary and Zootechnics at the Federal University of Goiás. A fluctuating non-painful subcutaneous swelling was observed in the left ventral cervical region during the clinical examination. Image tests revealed anechoic content with dilation of the salivary duct, heterogeneity and enlargement of the left mandibular gland and possibility of sialolithiasis. Besides, cytological analysis showed results that confirm the diagnose of left mandibular sialocele. Following the diagnosis, surgical treatment was made, performing sialoadenectomy. A skin incision was made ventral to the ear canal in the dorsal direction caudal to the angle of the mandible, and the patient was evaluated for days. Salivary sialocele is the most common sialoadenopathy in dogs and its diagnoses require several image methods and the surgical treatment is essential for healing and improving clinical signs. PubDate: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41108 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Influence of Crack Inclination Angle and Thickness on Mode-Mixity Using
FEM Authors: Nisha Rani, Neeraj Bisht Pages: 316 - 324 Abstract: Mode mixity is common in fatigue growth problems to assess the integrity of components by obtaining the fracture parameters as stress intensity factor, T-stress, J-integrals etc. Present study aims to investigate the effects of fracture parameters in a modified Compact Tension (CT) specimen using finite element methods (FEM) with ANSYS 2022 software. Crack orientation angle (α) and thickness (t) have their effects on crack growth which affect the life of a mechanical component. With increasing the crack inclination angle (0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°), an increase in mode III stress intensity factor is noticed while mode I showed a significant decrement. Pure mode I is notice at 0°. With further increase in the angle mode-mixity (mode I and mode III) is obtained. Also, with an increase in the thickness (8mm, 10mm and 12mm) of component there is a noticeable decrease in all modes of stress intensity factor. This mode-mixity play a crucial role in the cracked model of the specimen. PubDate: 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41109 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Innovative Implications of Paddy Straw in Concrete: A Review
Authors: Ritesh Jain, Satinder Kaur Khattra Pages: 325 - 330 Abstract: Rice is a crop that is grown worldwide and is mostly produced in Asian countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, and others. For every ton of harvested rice, around 1.5 tons of paddy straw is produced. Paddy straw is available in substantial amounts during the rice harvesting seasons, depending on the region. In place of burning, governments and communities can promote composting, use paddy straw as animal feed, or invest in technology that turn waste straw into goods that are valuable. Buildings with improved energy efficiency, reduced agricultural waste, and alternative building materials can all benefit from the use of paddy straw in construction. However, proper processing and treatment are required to assure structural integrity, fire resistance, and longevity in construction applications. A thorough analysis was carried out to see how paddy straw might be used to address different environmental issues. It addresses a number of issues, including market potential, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and technological viability. In this type of research, the durability, workability, and compressive strength of the concrete mix are typically evaluated by replacing a portion of the cement with ash derived from paddy straws. Research topics often include the optimal ash concentration, effects on hydration kinetics, and long-term performance of concrete. PubDate: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41110 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Status and Challenges of Agripreneurship: Relevance in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ayushi Pal, Shivani Jha Pages: 331 - 344 Abstract: Global pandemic COVID-19 severely impacted the agricultural economies of all countries, including India. The paper covers the current status of agribusiness in India and how it has emerged as a major indicator for growth and development during the pandemic. In India, MANAGE has trained 72,806 agri-graduates in agripreneurship, and as of December 2020, there were 30,583 (42%) active agriventures around the world. Majority of farmers have lost their markets as a result of lockdown, and due to travel limitations, lack of training and consulting services resulted in crop loss, high produce prices, and labour scarcity. Agri Bazaar, Harvesting Farmer Network, Agricx Lab, CropIn, Bigbasket, Agrostar, Sickle Innovations, Agrirain, Farmguide, and PayAgri are few Agri-startups that arose in India during the pandemic to address the issues that farmers faced. Reorienting current agriculture towards agribusiness within the existing opportunities has the potential to significantly alter the lives farmers and its stakeholders as agripreneurship has demonstrated the path to farmer growth and sustainability even during the pandemic. PubDate: 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41111 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Study of the Potential Toxicity and Side Effects Associated with the
Long-term Consumption of Walnuts (Cola verticillata: Sterculiaceae): Anti-Meiosis in the Insect Assay Authors: Tagne Takoutchouang Rick, Seino Richard Akwanjoh, Ngnaniyyi Abdoul, Dongmo Tonleu Ingrid Pages: 345 - 355 Abstract: Cola verticillata (Sterculiaceae) is a plant that produces nuts renowned for their ceremonial, cultural, medicinal and above all economic value in Africa. The study consisted in evaluating the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the aqueous extract of the plant's nuts on the Zonocerus variegatus model. Male and adult locusts were treated with increasing concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml. The 0.01 ml/mg extract was administered intraperitoneal and 96 h post-treatment the grasshoppers were killed, dissected and the testicular follicles removed for smear preparation. Chromosomal examinations revealed that the aqueous extract of C. verticillata induced a significant regression of the meiotic index, followed by a significant increase in the chiasmatic frequency in a concentration-dependent manner and in comparison with the control group. In addition to chromosome bridges, chromosome breaks, sticky chromosomes and leak chromosomes were observed mainly at 40 µg/ml. These results show that Cola extract is cytotoxic and genotoxic because it slowed down meiosis while also inducing multiple chromosomal abnormalities with clastogenic effects in the male Z. variegatus breeder. The results of this study call for populations to consume kola nuts (Cola verticillata) intermittently if the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects are not reversed. PubDate: 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41112 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Music Therapy as a Non-Pharmacological Treatment Approach for
Parkinson’s Disease: A Mini Review Authors: Eric K. Murianki Pages: 356 - 364 Abstract: Music offers significant benefits to the human body, especially in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease. Pharmacological approaches often fall short, leading to increased interest in complementary therapies. Music therapy, in particular, has shown great potential in managing neurological disorders by influencing brain connections, thereby improving the quality of life for Parkinson's patients. Given that Parkinson's has no cure and drug therapies are costly and insufficient, non-pharmacological interventions are essential. This paper explores recent literature on the relationship between the brain and music therapy, focusing on its impact on Parkinson's disease. It specifically examines how music-based practices can be used to repair functions that have been neurologically damaged by the disease while also fostering meaningful relationships with therapists or among patients. The aim is to enhance understanding of music education and its vital role in promoting human well-being. PubDate: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41113 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Seismic Performance Analysis of PEC Structures
Authors: Xu Yueyang Pages: 365 - 371 Abstract: Partially-Encased Composite Steel and Concrete Members (PEC members for short) consists of H-shaped cross-section of the main steel and concrete filling between the flange and the web, compared with the pure steel structure, the PEC structure has the advantages of high stiffness, high bearing capacity, good fire resistance and so on. The arrival of an earthquake may cause damage to building structures. The use of PEC structures can effectively improve their bearing capacity and seismic performance, and the method of post earthquake repair is relatively easier and more economical. In recent years, PEC components have been gradually popularized and applied in building structures. PubDate: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41114 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Molecular Diagnosis of Mycoplasma haemofelis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma
haemominutum’ in Domestic Feline: A Case Report Authors: Alexsander Ferraz, Eugênia Tavares Barwaldt, Renata Fontes Ongaratto, Eduarda Santos Bierhals, Camila Moura de Lima, Paola Renata Joanol Dallmann, Tiago Felipe Barbosa Moreira, Rodrigo Leite dos Santos, Rodrigo Casquero Cunha , Luiz Filipe Damé Schuch, Márcia de Oliveira Nobre, Leandro Quintana Nizoli Pages: 372 - 378 Abstract: The aim of this work was to report the molecular diagnosis of Mycoplasma haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' in a domestic feline. Mycoplasma spp. are pleomorphic bacteria that parasitize the surface of red blood cells in several domestic species, mainly cats, being responsible for feline mycoplasmosis, which can cause hemolytic anemia. Cats can become infected through blood transfusions, social interactions via fights and flea bites. In this report, the patient exhibited in the clinical exam, pale and icteric mucous membranes, and enlargement of the popliteal and submandibular lymph nodes. Based on the symptoms presented, a blood sample was collected to search for hemoparasites using blood smears and also molecular examination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The blood smear revealed inclusions characteristic of Mycoplasma spp. Observed in red blood cells, and the diagnosis of mycoplasmosis was confirmed by PCR. This report highlights the importance of screening for hemoparasites in the feline clinical routine, with molecular tests being the most recommended due to their high sensitivity and specificity. PubDate: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41115 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- A Review of Structural Seismic Vulnerability Research Based on Endurance
Time Method Authors: Yao Li Pages: 379 - 385 Abstract: This paper reviews the application of endurance time method in seismic design and evaluation of structures and its importance in seismic vulnerability analysis. The traditional methods such as static elastoplastic method and response spectrum method have low accuracy in the face of complex structures and structural nonlinear effects, while the incremental dynamic time history method has high accuracy but low efficiency. In contrast, endurance time method synthesizes multiple endurance time curves for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures, which can more accurately simulate the real response of structures under earthquake action, and is especially suitable for seismic performance evaluation of complex structures. This method can significantly improve work efficiency while ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the results. At the same time, this paper also introduces the application of endurance time method in structural seismic vulnerability analysis and broad prospects. In summary, endurance time method, as an emerging structural dynamic analysis method, not only improves the accuracy and reliability of structural design, but also provides powerful technical tools and methodological support for seismic performance assessment and seismic vulnerability analysis of engineering structures. PubDate: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41116 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Tissue Culture: A New Era in Vegetable Crop Micro Propagation
Authors: V. K. Baria, P. B. Goswami, N. A. Nadoda, J. P. Sarvaiya, P. C. Joshi Pages: 386 - 396 Abstract: Plant tissue culture, emerging as a transformative technology, wields significant influence in agriculture by catering to the escalating global demand for plants. Particularly noteworthy are its remarkable advancements within vegetable crops, firmly establishing plant tissue culture as a leading frontier of innovation. Presently, its application holds immense promise and offers a glimpse into the future of agricultural practices. The multifaceted roles of plant tissue culture in vegetable crops encompass augmenting varietal production, safeguarding endangered species, and facilitating the large-scale production of secondary metabolites, plant-based vaccines, and antibodies through cell suspension culture. The effectiveness of plant tissue culture hinges on various factors, including the availability of nutrients, endogenous auxin synthesis, organic compounds, and environmental conditions. Additionally, it tackles the challenge of supplying planting materials for species that cannot be efficiently propagated through traditional seed methods, effectively meeting the ever-growing worldwide agricultural requirements [1]. Primary goal is to assist budding plant biotechnologists and amplify the global influence of the plant tissue culture industry. PubDate: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41117 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Music Therapy 101 for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Current
Trends and Future Directions Authors: Eric Murianki Pages: 397 - 405 Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses significant challenges to individuals, families, and healthcare systems globally. Currently, there is no cure for AD, and available therapies focus on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Given the limitations of pharmacological treatments in halting the progression of AD, there is increasing interest in non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy. This review explores the therapeutic benefits of music therapy for AD patients, evaluating empirical evidence from clinical studies and exploring the underlying mechanisms that contribute to its effectiveness. Additionally, this review discusses the practical implications of integrating music therapy into treatment plans. It identifies future research directions to understand further and enhance its impact on AD patients’ cognitive functioning and quality of life. PubDate: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41118 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Understanding Farmers’ Intentions to Adopt Organic Farming in India
Authors: Rahul Shelar, Sandeep Deshmukh, Santosh Warawadekar, Suraj Jadhav Pages: 406 - 411 Abstract: This research paper explores the dynamics of organic farming adoption among farmers in the Konkan region of India, focusing on the districts of Ratnagiri and Raigad. Against the backdrop of the pivotal role the agricultural sector plays in India's economy, the study employs an ex-post-facto research design to investigate the intentions, attitudes, and perceived capabilities of 150 organic farmers across diverse cropping systems. The findings reveal a nuanced landscape of motivations, ranging from a desire for toxin-free food to cultural preservation. Farmers' attitudes towards organic agriculture, influenced by health considerations and social networks, underscore the complex interplay between traditional practices and modern influences. Moreover, the study delves into the perceived marketability of organic products, highlighting factors such as consumer willingness to pay premiums and the competitive advantage of organic over conventional produce. As India grapples with the need for sustainable agricultural practices, the study sheds light on the multifaceted factors influencing the adoption of organic farming and provides insights essential for policy formulation and sustainable agricultural development. PubDate: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41119 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- Review of Cost Control Research in Prefabricated Construction under EPC
Mode Authors: Huang Weihao Pages: 412 - 420 Abstract: Aims: Amidst the accelerating global urbanization and growing demand for sustainable development, prefabricated construction emerges as a pivotal transformational force in the construction industry due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness. This paper comprehensively reviews cost control research in prefabricated construction under the EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) model. Study Design: The study adopts a literature-based approach, incorporating findings from domestic and international scholars, to uncover the critical issues and challenges in cost control within the EPC framework. Additionally, it analyzes the application of technological innovations such as BIM (Building Information Modeling) and DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) in cost control, offering a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for prefabricated construction under EPC. Place and Duration of Study: The research spans various regions globally, examining recent practices and theoretical advancements in cost control for prefabricated construction projects under EPC over the past decade to ensure timeliness and comprehensiveness. Methodology: The methodology encompasses a systematic literature review to construct a theoretical framework, coupled with an analysis of case studies showcasing effective cost control measures. Furthermore, the study explores the utilization of BIM and DEMATEL to enhance cost prediction accuracy, process monitoring, and decision-making support. Results: The findings reveal that the EPC model facilitates more systematic and efficient cost control in prefabricated construction. The application of BIM significantly improves cost forecasting precision and process transparency, enabling timely cost deviation identification and correction. DEMATEL effectively identifies key cost drivers and their interrelationships, informing targeted cost control strategies. Conclusion: This paper underscores the significance of cost control in prefabricated construction under the EPC model and highlights the pivotal role of BIM and DEMATEL in enhancing cost control effectiveness. It concludes by advocating for deeper integration of prefabricated construction with the EPC model to propel the green, intelligent transformation and sustainable development of the construction industry. PubDate: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41120 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
- An Analysis of Tamil Nadu Income-Based Consumption Patterns and Consumer
Behaviour for Jaggery and Khandsari Sugar: A Review Authors: Venkatesa Palanichamy N, Balakrishnan; N, Kalpana M, Rajavel M, Divya M Pages: 421 - 429 Abstract: Purpose and Objectives: Markets such as Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Erode district Cooperative Jaggery Marketing Federation (CTEDCJMF), Selur Farmers Sugarcane Products Market (Farmers jaggery market), Pilikalpalayam and Chitthode jaggery market exclusively for jaggery and khandsari sugar, coconut and palm sugar. Methodology: Snowball sampling method was used for the data collection and also producers, visiting the market also enrolled in the study. Totally 30 producers of each sugar, 60 middlemens and 120 consumers who purchased sugar through the identified marketing channels were interviewed for the study. The data collected were analyzed to determine the cost and returns for three types of sugar. The price spread at various marketing levels, trader concentration ratios, and consumer buying behavior towards alternate forms of sugar were also examined. Principal component analysis was used to identify factors influencing consumer purchases of alternate forms of sugar. Key Findings: The results of the sample respondents showed that sample respondents of jaggery and khandsari sugar producers, majority of the sample respondents were aged between 31-40 years (33.33%) followed by 26.67 percent in the category of 20-30 years, about 23.33 per cent of the sample respondents in the producer category were aged above 50 years, followed by 16.67 per cent aged between 41-50 years. Implications: Hence, the demand for coconut sugar is very low, so promotional efforts should be made to popularize its health benefits among consumers. In the case of jaggery and khandsari sugar, product modification into cube form (similar to white sugar cubes) will increase market preference and acceptability. PubDate: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.9734/air/2024/v25i41121 Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 4 (2024)
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