Authors:Jose-Walter Coronel-Chugden, Yersi-Luis Huaman-Romani, Guido Ayay-Arista, Marcos-Marcelo Flores-Castillo, Rocio Cahuana-Lipa, Julio-Cesar Machaca-Mamani Pages: 718 - 730 Abstract: The accelerated production of solid waste in the urban-rural context requires studies to optimize the environmental pollution gap. The objective of the study is to know the perspectives of sociodemographic factors and solid waste management in the district of Chachapoyas. The research is of a causal descriptive type at an explanatory level. The sample is composed of 382 families obtained through probabilistic sampling. The survey technique was used, and the questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument (Cronbach's alpha = 0.777). The results indicate that the sociodemographic profile has a significant effect (p<0.05) on solid waste management, including economic status, age, occupation, education level, monthly income, area of residence, and number of persons per household. In addition, it was found that solid waste management in the city has a regular level of performance. However, there are gaps that need to be addressed in the following order of priority: storage, final disposal, generation, treatment, and recycling. In conclusion, solid waste management in the city of Chachapoyas is average, indicating the need to address these gaps in the formulation of new public policies. PubDate: 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.1884 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Ahmadou Moustapha Diop, Jean-Luc Polleux, Catherine Algani, Said Mazer, Mohammed Fattah, Moulhime EL Bekkali Pages: 731 - 740 Abstract: This study uses a new model developed in this paper to investigate the performance of a heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) on SiGe technology. An electrical model of an optical window phototransistor was developed based on the Ebers & Moll model, and its performance was evaluated by examining the error vector magnitude (EVM) when integrated into a mobile communication setup. Simulations showed that the HPT exhibited an EVM lower than 8%, enabling 64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64-QAM) modulation for the mobile network. The third-order intercept point (IP3) measured 22 dBm, making the HPT suitable for Radio over Fiber (RoF) links in the detection block. The noise model of the HPT was also studied, resulting in a favorable power spectral density (PSD) that facilitates accurate modeling and prediction of the noise behavior of HPTs across various applications. This study provides valuable insights into the performance of HPTs on SiGe technology, enabling the development of more precise and efficient models for future research and practical applications. The results carry significant implications for the use of HPTs in optical communication systems. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.1896 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Kola Benson Ajeigbe, Fortune Ganda Pages: 741 - 752 Abstract: The impact of the recent pandemic on aspects of corporate governance, business, a country's economy, corporate distress, failures, and the general well-being of companies has been a subject of robust discussion. This study was conducted to examine the influence of corporate governance in mediating and managing the risk of corporate distresses and failures before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) model on annual data from 2010 to 2021 to analyze the short-run and long-run effects of the pandemic on corporate governance and sustainability performance. The results from both the short-run and long-run effects are similar, revealing that the estimated coefficient of the debt-to-equity ratio, finance costs, and COVID-19 related costs are negative but significant in the models. Conversely, the coefficients of the current ratio, quick ratio, and board size from both short-run and long-run effects show positive and significant results. Generally, the findings reveal that the coefficient of board size, as a proxy for corporate governance, has a very strong influence in mediating the risk of corporate distress and failure before, during, and after the pandemic period, up to a certain level until the pandemic’s impact was severe on companies’ production, sales, and other operational performance. Based on the above findings, it is recommended that the board of directors and other management boards employ enhanced good governance strategies and improve risk control mechanisms that enhance company performance during the pandemic to help avert corporate distresses and failure rates thereafter. PubDate: 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.1900 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Katlego Sandra Mapetla, Mathilda M Mokgatle, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju Pages: 753 - 761 Abstract: While there have been great advances in HIV prevention methods in recent years, such as daily pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and combination antiretrovirals used as Treatment as Prevention (TaSP), access to care, compliance, and consistent follow-up with treatment remain barriers to care in high-risk populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators for the uptake and acceptability of PrEP among female sex workers in Tshwane District, South Africa. A descriptive qualitative research design was used. Female sex workers (FSW) aged 18 years and above were purposively sampled to participate in the study. The research team approached a minimum of 24 female sex workers until data saturation was achieved. The results showed that barriers such as a shortage of PrEP, side effects of PrEP, unawareness of collection points, reliance on pills, stigmatization, and absence of clinics influenced the uptake and acceptability of PrEP. The study also reported on facilitators that enhance the uptake and acceptability of PrEP among sex workers in Tshwane District. These facilitators include knowledge and awareness, perceived HIV risk, availability of mobile clinics, the effectiveness of PrEP, easier accessibility of information, awareness programmes, fear of infection, and preventative measure. This study established the barriers and facilitators that potentially influence the uptake and acceptability of PrEP among female sex workers in the Tshwane District, Gauteng Province, South Africa. PubDate: 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.1952 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Agung Wicaksono Pages: 762 - 775 Abstract: This study aims to analyse scientific literature on collaborative governance in forestry issues published from 2001 to 2022. To ensure paper quality, the study will use VOSviewer software to visualise the bibliometric analysis from Scopus Database. Bibliometric analysis was used to analyse 72 papers about collaborative governance in forestry issues. VOSviewer software visualised publishing trends, country/institution/author contributions, journal distribution, highly cited articles, bibliographic coupling analysis, and keyword analysis. According to the study, collaborative governance in forestry publications has increased considerably in the last decade. Most research on this issue comes from the US, Canada, and Australia. Colorado State campus was the study's most affiliated campus, followed by Saskatchewan and Oregon. This study was published in Land Use Policy, Society and Natural Resources, and Ecology and Society. The combination of bibliographies and keyword concurrency networks showed that collaborative governance in forestry issues is closely linked to sustainable development, environmental governance, and forest governance. The study finds that collaborative governance in forestry issues needs more research, especially with collaborative governance as a framework. The bibliometric analysis provides a complete overview of publishing trends, country/institution/author contributions, journal distribution and highly cited articles, bibliographic coupling analysis, and keyword analysis in this field. Researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in collaborative governance in forestry may profit from the study. The results may identify key contributors, influential journals, and critical study areas linked to this topic. PubDate: 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.1973 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Wenjuan Ma, Tingzhi Chang, Wilson Cheong Hin Hong, XiaoShu Xu, YunFeng Zhang Pages: 776 - 787 Abstract: This study uses the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) database from 1997 to 2022 and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2008 to 2022 to analyse global competence in order to examine the present condition of global competence research. The results showed a rising trend in global competence where the United States was in the leading position and China ranked second in academic publications but its influence was relatively weak. According to a keyword analysis, "global competence," "education," "model," "globalization" and "global governance" were the most prevalent topics. The keyword time map analysis generated three periods of 'global competence research: the embryonic stage before 2010, the initial exploration period from 2011 to 2016 and the development period from 2017 until now. Future studies should concentrate on developing a theoretical framework for localization and creating practical assessment tools based on the framework. Implementation strategies must also be actively investigated. PubDate: 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.1979 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Christopher T Dumadag, Adelfa C Silor, Gemma Grace D. Capuno, Sigritch Cortez-David Pages: 788 - 794 Abstract: The youth represent a significant source of hope for a developing country such as the Philippines. Adolescents show a lack of interest in pursuing education leading to high dropout rates. Many researchers have conducted several studies to determine why students stop schooling. This study aimed to investigate the dropout determinants that influence out-of-school youth in Iligan City and Lanao Del Norte. Purposive sampling was used. Two hundred (200) out-of-school youth from Iligan City and Lanao Del Norte were the participants of this study. The researchers used a Likert scale survey questionnaire to collect the data. In addition, the researcher used descriptive analysis to calculate the median and frequency. The results found that academic experience especially boredom in the classroom was the leading dropout determinant influencing out-of-school youth. The other factor was family financial support. The study recommends that the government, non-government organizations and all stakeholders not only focus on providing financial assistance to students but also consider the students' learning experience inside the classroom. Academic boredom is a serious issue that requires immediate solutions. PubDate: 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.1980 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Tsvetan Pavlov, Dimitar Kostov Pages: 795 - 803 Abstract: The effectiveness of European fiscal policies is of particular importance for the future economic performance of the community especially during times of crisis due to polarized public opinion and expert criticism. This study attempts to identify the redistributive and risk-sharing effects resulting from centralized financial transfers within the EU. We investigate a broader sample of EU (28) countries during 2000-2021 in addition to the Euro area countries used in most studies on the issue. Traditional regression methods and the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) model were used in order to maximize the objectivity of the analysis. The study’s results show that long-term redistribution is virtually absent with levels below 1%. In some cases, the values are even negative which is an interesting (but not unattested) finding in the context of such a sensitive issue as the permanent shift of wealth within the EA and EU. Budget transfers achieved a risk-sharing effect of 11% for the EU and 29% for the EA. Risk sharing levels are comparable and even better than those of some fully-fledged fiscal federations. This is an attestation to the capacity of the EU to successfully implement its intended policies despite some criticism. PubDate: 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.1981 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Olawuyi Seyi Olalekan, Mushunje; Abbyssinia Pages: 804 - 812 Abstract: Cash transfers have become an important tool for reducing poverty and improving the well-being of households in many developing countries including South Africa. However, cash transfers' effects on household quality of life are still debatable. This study examined the relationship between cash transfers and quality of life, controlling various household characteristics. The study used the 2021 South African General Household Survey with a sample of 1,499 households selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the contingency table technique and a Generalized Linear Model. The results showed that cash transfer families had a greater quality of life than non-transfer households. The results of the GLM analysis revealed that public safety, health, infrastructure, access to remittances and population group were important predictors of quality of life among the households in the research. The results also showed that education, economic environment and gender had no significant effect on the households’ quality of life while age group had a minimal effect. The study concludes that cash transfers (both social grants and remittances) have an impact on households’ quality of life. The study’s findings suggest that policymakers should continue to implement cash transfer programs to improve the well-being of households and improve public safety, health, infrastructure, education and the economic environment in the province. PubDate: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2006 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Shao-Feng Wang, Chun-Ching Chen Pages: 813 - 825 Abstract: The value of designers is determined by market-based compensation which reflects the status of the design industry, the career paths of designers, reform directions in design education and the deconstruction of design skills. This article aims to elucidate designers' requirements, responsibilities and compensation by scrutinizing online job advertisements. Previous studies have focused on macro design aspects such as propaganda and procedural methods, neglecting individual designers' compensation and treatment. This study used Python technology to search for online job and analyzed 1,108 good job postings using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Additionally, interviews were conducted to investigate the skill requirements of company designers. The findings revealed vital skill points that contribute to increased salaries for designers. High-paid designers possess core skills in managing design strategies and business processes. Middle-paid designers demonstrate abilities in executing design projects and working in teams. Low-paid designers perform better and have better software capabilities. The research’s findings guide students in choosing their majors and research options and identify core skills for designers already in the workforce. Furthermore, this study offers objective data for enterprise talent acquisition and development strategies. PubDate: 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2037 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Sergio Cuellar-Quispe, Yersi-Luis Huaman-Romani, Noemi-Victoria Sarmiento-Campos, Edwin-Neil Silvera-Alarcon, Elio Nolasco-Carbajal Pages: 826 - 834 Abstract: The evaluation of a teacher's performance is conducted subjectively rather than objectively to determine the students' educational experience and the demands placed on them by the university which provides teachers with a backup plan. The objective of this research is to analyze and describe the perspectives on teaching performance after COVID-19. A conventional, anonymous and voluntary sample of 2263 university students from state and private universities was used in the quantitative approach of a descriptive correlational type. Teaching performance was assessed using a questionnaire with 20 items that were divided into five categories: explanation of criteria, illustration, supervision of practice and learning activities, feedback and evaluation. The findings of the research show that there is good virtual teaching performance. The university teacher shows that they are able to teach in a hybrid way. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.946 was obtained and several statistical tests were performed such as total mean (3.733), standard deviation (1.064), ANOVA with Turkey's non-additivity test (sum of squares 81.102, gl=19, F=12. 035), Hoteling’s t-squared test (283.464, F=14.800, Sig. 0.000), KMO and Bartlett's test (KMO=0.977), Bartlett's test of sphericity with chi-square 52808.872, gl=190, Sig. 0.000. University professors demonstrated a good teaching performance in front of students, having empathy with their students and managing to place themselves among people with digital competences and within the society of the digital world. PubDate: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2038 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Yi Zhang, Cheng-Jui Tseng Pages: 835 - 848 Abstract: This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurial course instructors' abilities on students' learning outcomes and the mediating role of students' self-efficacy in China. A survey was conducted among 395 university students in China with 358 valid responses to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial course instructors' abilities and students' learning outcomes. The statistical results reveal a significant relationship between entrepreneurial course instructors' abilities and students' learning outcomes. Students' acquisition of entrepreneurship-related knowledge and abilities can be improved through entrepreneurship education. Students' perception of the quality of teachers in entrepreneurship education highlights the need for institutions to address the quality of instructors to better support students' learning in entrepreneurship education. The findings suggest that investing in the development and training of entrepreneurship course instructors can have a positive impact on students' learning outcomes in entrepreneurship education. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the significance of entrepreneurial course instructors' abilities and students' self-efficacy in shaping learning outcomes in entrepreneurship education particularly in the context of China. PubDate: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2058 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Johnny P Cayabas Jr, Delia A Sumeg-ang Pages: 849 - 855 Abstract: This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by public school teachers in Bauko District II in developing instructional materials. The researchers used a quantitative method and distributed questionnaires to 150 teachers across the district as their primary means of data collection. This method allowed the researchers to gain insights from a substantial number of teachers, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the challenges they faced. The results of the study highlighted two primary critical issues faced by teachers: the scarcity of time due to heavy workloads and the difficulty of keeping pace with technological advancements. Additionally, teachers reported significant challenges related to insufficient skills, knowledge and understanding of instructional materials, limited policy support and inadequate administrative assistance. In accordance with these findings, the study demonstrated some significant ways to improve the creation of instructional materials in rural communities with limited resources. The study emphasised the need for computer literacy training as a result of the expanding digitalization of instructional content. A functional instructional material development committee should be established to improve the process as well as organizing training workshops for instructional material development and encouraging partnerships with higher education institutions (HEIs) to gain access to specialized expertise. The study strongly advocates for the implementation of sustainable capacity-building mechanisms by the department of education such as regular workshops and follow-up sessions to provide continuous support to teachers in material development. Moreover, the study proposed fostering collaboration with other institutions and inviting experts as resource persons to seminars and workshops to enhance teachers' proficiency in crafting effective instructional materials. PubDate: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2059 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Honest Mupani, Crispen Chipunza, Mashavira Nhamo, Adeoluwa Adewumi Pages: 856 - 867 Abstract: The small restaurant business (SRB) sector is applauded for promoting economic growth and employment creation in developing economies. Despite the spirited efforts by developing nations to capacitate the sector to sustainably contribute to economic growth, it is often flawed by a high inflation failure rate, especially in South Africa. The failure rates have been attributed, among many other factors, to the inability of small restaurant businesses to respond to environmental uncertainties with appropriate employee-resourcing strategies. The literature search shows that there is a dearth of research on the nexus between environmental influences and employee-resourcing strategies in South African small restaurant businesses. To address this gap, the study attempts to interrogate employee-resourcing strategies among family-owned small restaurants through the prism of environmental influences. A quantitative research approach was used, and the ex post facto research design was adopted. A convenient sample of 221 owners/managers of family-owned accommodations and Small Restaurant Businesses was conveniently selected. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to confirm the congruence between observed and reproduced data in testing the hypothesized relationships. The inquiry established a positive relationship between internal environmental influences and employee-resourcing strategies in SRBs. Additionally, a positive and strong relationship between the external environment and employee-resourcing strategies was also established. Considering the vitality of small businesses in driving today’s economies and employment growth, this study recommends that owners/managers identify internal and external forces that attenuate small business failures. The study also emphasizes that SRBs must understand their external and internal environments for more productive employee-resourcing strategies. PubDate: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2060 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Olawuyi Seyi Olalekan, Mushunje; Abbyssinia Pages: 868 - 887 Abstract: The endowments of resources, institutional management and a household's capacity to handle challenges and unexpected events all contribute to their resilience and well-being. Unfortunately, many people in developing countries are vulnerable to episodes of shock and trapped in a vicious cycle of deprivations that hinder their ability to recover from shocks. This study examined how households’ resilience capability was affected by different resilience pillars and indicators, the pattern of resilience heterogeneity and the relative impact of those pillars on households’ resilience capability in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A data set from the 2021 South African General Household Survey comprising 1499 households was used. The data were analyzed with the FAO’s Shiny RIMA tool and structural equation modeling technique. Findings revealed an estimated general household resilience capacity index of 44.88 which appeared low. The results also indicated that adaptive capability or stability is weakly related to and the least significant pillar in terms of its contribution to households' resilience capacity while the social safety net pillar is highly linked to and the most important pillar contributing to households’ resilience capacity. The contributions of the access to basic services and asset endowments pillars were shown to be crucial in reducing inequality in households’ resilience capacity. There was also clear evidence of heterogeneity in households’ resilience capacity. SEM analysis revealed that access to basic services, the social safety net and households’ attributes had a significant impact on households’ resilience capacity. Policy target actions are needed in areas where capacities are lacking or insufficient while the pillars that performed well should also be prioritized for building sustained households’ resilience capacity. PubDate: 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2086 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Kevien Palaminiano Cabarrubias-Dela Cruz, Lean Karlo Santos Tolentino Pages: 888 - 902 Abstract: The research aims to identify the key drivers and barriers to EV adoption, inform policymakers and guide future research in the Philippines. The study used a descriptive survey method with 150 Metro Manila car dealership customers as respondents. The research findings indicate that single-family homeowners are willing to invest in EVs if charging infrastructure is available at home. EV safety, dependability, power, performance, design and availability are crucial for increasing EV adoption. Awareness and incentives were identified as hindrances to adoption. The research suggests that technical fixes and policy tools are needed to promote EV adoption and knowledge sharing is necessary to raise customer awareness. A neural network model was created to determine the willingness to purchase an EV. The findings have implications for policymakers, EV manufacturers and stakeholders interested in understanding barriers to EV adoption. The research highlights the importance of safety, reliability and environmental benefits in joint household purchase decisions. The study identifies economic, technological, policy, infrastructure and social barriers to EV adoption and suggests the need for targeted initiatives and information dissemination to overcome these barriers. The report acknowledges limitations and offers avenues for future research to explore additional factors and variables influencing EV adoption. PubDate: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2088 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Erni Martini, Ratih Hurriyati, Mokh Adib Sultan Pages: 903 - 912 Abstract: This study aims to examine the role of rational and emotional content in social media on consumer engagement and EWOM intention. The population of this research is e-commerce social media users with a total sample size of 394 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) is used to test the research hypothesis. The results of the study revealed the role of rational and emotional content in influencing consumer engagement but did not affect EWOM intention. Consumer engagement affects EWOM intentions. The study’s findings support consumer engagement which is proven to mediate the relationship between rational and emotional content and EWOM intention. Social media marketing practitioners use rational and emotional content types on their brand pages in order to gain engagement and EWOM from social media users. PubDate: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2089 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Premchand Mallampalli, Sheeja Janardhanan, Kesavadev Varikattu Karottu, Gnaneswar Ommi Pages: 913 - 926 Abstract: Numerous practical and mathematical techniques have been piloted to study ships’ behavior in deep water conditions with and without waves, and shallow water conditions without waves, while only limited investigations have been carried out to assess ships’ behavior in shallow waters with wave conditions as the flow around the stern region and appendages and the interaction effects are intricate. Therefore, this study attempts to understand the infrequently explored subset of a vessel’s behavior in regular waves in shallow water conditions (channel depth to ship draft ratio taken as 1.5). A container ship (S175) model scaled at 1:36 was the subject of a numerical study in which it was subjected to static and dynamic maneuver simulations in head sea conditions. The waves were induced using the dispersion relationship of waves in a given depth. The trends of forces and moments acting on the hull while undergoing maneuvering motions were obtained using a smooth particle hydrodynamics-based computational fluid dynamics solver. The resulting periodic trends of forces and moments were analyzed using the Fourier series method to extract the Fourier coefficients and, in turn, calculate the hydrodynamic derivatives. The trajectories in turning circle and zigzag maneuvers were also simulated using a MATLAB code. The results demonstrate an increase in trajectory parameters and improvement in counter maneuverability owing to the complex flow physics around the hull when encountering regular waves in shallow water conditions compared to waves in deep waters and a lack of waves in shallow waters. PubDate: 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2094 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
Authors:Siti Haryani Shaikh Ali, Shahrinaz Ismail, Yuhanis Omar Pages: 927 - 935 Abstract: This study examined the characteristics that impact students' intentions to use Microsoft Teams as their primary teaching and learning platform. A total of 171 students were randomly selected to complete an electronic questionnaire that tested the constructs of the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The results indicated that “perceived usefulness” and “attitude” towards the platform together with “perceived ease of use” (R2 = 73.9%) were the most important predictors of students' intention to use Microsoft Teams in the future (R2 = 77.8% and 73.9% respectively). This study recommends lecturers and students communicate more to increase the student’s intrinsic motivation in online learning by incorporating various activities that promote collaboration, communication and active learning in the online environment. Such activities can be facilitated by the platform and can include online discussions, peer review, group projects and collaborative problem-solving tasks. In addition, the study suggests that lecturers should provide more training and support to students on how to use MS Teams effectively to enhance their learning experience. PubDate: 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2095 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 4 (2023)
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