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Abstract: Abstract We study the linear finite element approximation of thermoelastic frictional contact problem. The unilateral contact condition is weakly imposed by the penalty method. Our analysis yields error estimates that are contingent upon the penalty parameter \(\varepsilon\) and the mesh size h. Furthermore, provided the solution maintains regularity, we establish a convergence result. PubDate: 2024-08-06
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Abstract: Abstract This paper presents a polynomial sinc-based collocation method, combined with Gauss–Legendre/Newton–Cotes quadrature rules, to solve stochastic fractional integro-differential equations (SFIDEs). The method approximates the solution by applying Lagrangian polynomial interpolation at sinc collocation points and simplifies the SFIDE into a system of algebraic equations, requiring low/moderate computational efforts. The proposed method is also accompanied by an error analysis, and numerical examples are provided to demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy. In noiseless conditions, the method achieves spectral accuracy and behaves like other conventional sinc methods. Finally, the paper simulates an application of a class of these equations. PubDate: 2024-08-02
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Abstract: Abstract In spatially balanced sampling designs, joint inclusion probabilities for neighborhood units are often zero, or near to zero, because the sampling units tend to be spread across the sample space. In these cases it is difficult to use conventional estimators for the population variance. Alternative estimators, such as the neighborhood-based variance estimators have been introduced. The neighborhood-based variance estimator is recommended for use with Generalized Random Tessellation Stratified designs. In this paper, we review some of the currently available estimators, and introduce others, for use with spatially balanced sampling designs. In a simulation study, the efficiency of the introduced estimators are compared with different estimators under six spatially sampling designs (Balanced Acceptance Sampling, Halton Iterative Partitioning, Generalized Random Tessellation Stratified design, Spatially Correlated Poisson Sampling) and two local pivotal methods. In our simulation study the introduced estimators were more efficient than conventional ones. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract In this research paper, a novel numerical technique called Hermit-quasilinearization matrix technique (HQLMT) is proposed to acquire the approximate solutions of fourth-order multi-singular and nonlinear Emden–Fowler equations. Firstly, the quasilinearization procedure is utilized for the original model problem followed by the application of a collocation method based on the modified version of Hermite functions to the obtained subequations. After the application of the HQLMT, an algebraic system of linear equations is obtained and this system is solved. Hence, the coefficients of the solution form are determined and the approximate solution is obtained. In addition, the error and convergence analysis are studied for the present method. Finally, it is applied to test examples to explain the method and illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the HQLMT. Simulation results and comparisons with other existing computational methods show that the presented combined technique is an effective approach. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract In this paper the Proca field equations for a massive gauge particle are obtained in the presence of a natural momentum cutoff “ \(p_{\max }\) ” based on a covariant generalization of a one-parameter extension of the Heisenberg algebra. The Yukawa potential for a static point source in the presence of \(p_{\max }\) (generalized Yukawa potential) is obtained analytically and it is shown that in contrast with the Yukawa potential for a static point source in Proca electrodynamics, the generalized Yukawa potential has a finite value at the location of the static point source. Our calculations demonstrate that the Coulomb potential, the Yukawa potential, and the Coulomb potential in the presence of \(p_{\max }\) can be derived from the generalized Yukawa poitential. We show that the free space solutions of Proca electrodynamics in the presence of \(p_{\max }\) describe a massive gauge particle with the effective mass \(m_{eff} = \frac{m}{{\sqrt {1 - \left( {\frac{mc}{{p_{\max } }}} \right)^{2} } }}\) , where \(m\) is the rest mass of the ordinary Proca particle. Numerical estimations in Sect. 5, show that the lower bound for \(p_{\max }\) must take the value \(\left( {p_{\max } } \right)_{\min } = (91.187 \pm 0.007)\,\,\frac{GeV}{c}\) in order to avoid complex values for the effective mass \(m_{eff}\) . This lower bound for \(p_{\max }\) is near to the momentum scale of the electroweak interactions. It should be mentioned that for the very large values of \(p_{\max }\) the results of this work reduce to the well-known results of standard Proca electrodynamics. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract The investigation focused on the impact of porous activated carbon derived from Sapindus trifoliatus biomass (STAC) in conjunction with a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PA), aimed at achieving high specific capacitance supercapacitors. To create the PA@STAC composites with different weight ratios of STAC (PA@STAC5, PA@STAC10, PA@STAC15, PA@STAC30, PA@STAC50), a practical in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method was employed. The observed improvements in specific capacitance and long-term stability of PA@STAC composites can be attributed to the synergistic effects of both PA and STAC. Consequently, the inclusion of STAC in the composite led to a more than twofold increase in capacitance compared to the original polymers. Specifically, the maximum specific capacitance for the PA@STAC30 composite was 224 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The rapid GCD characteristic of PA@STAC30 is attributed to the good porosity and well-organized architecture morphology with short-ion diffusion that allow for free access during the GCD cycles. This study underscores the notable increase in capacitance potential and the enhanced durability of pseudocapacitors achieved through the straightforward addition of a conductive porous carbon material. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract Biodiesel occupies a prominent place as the alternative fuel to fossil diesel owing to socio-economic and environmental factors. In this present study, Podocarpus falcatus oil (PFO), having undergone a storage effect, was converted into biodiesel. PFO had a high fatty acid content (FFA = 8.19%). For this reason, a two-step transesterification procedure was developed to convert these high-free fatty acid (FFA) oils into their corresponding monoesters. In the initial step, an acid-catalyzed esterification was employed to lower the FFA content of the oil to below 2%. Subsequently, a second step involving an alkaline catalysis transesterification process was used to convert the product obtained in the first step into monoesters and glycerol. The methyl esters obtained were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The identity FAME were Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C16:0), 9,11-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E, E)- (C18:0), 6-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)- (C18:2), Methyl stearate (C18:1), Methyl (Z)-5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoate (C20:5), 11,14-Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester (C20:3), 11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester (C20:2). The study examined the thermal stability of synthesized biodiesel, revealing it remained stable up to 189 °C. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of biodiesel were validated using ASTM6751 standards. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract After the outbreak of coronavirus disease, numerous models have been proposed for it. In this paper, a fractional mathematical model for COVID-19 is introduced. Applying generalized Bessel polynomials, each function in the model is approximated. For minimizing the norm-2 of residual functions, an optimization problem is obtained and this problem is solved using Lagrange multipliers. The numerical results shows that the proposed method has high accuracy and is suitable for solving nonlinear optimization problems and also can help specialists to cure and control Covid-19 disease. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract The concentrations of radioisotopes (238U, 234U, 235U, 210Po, 232Th, 40K, and 226Ra) in naturally occurring radionuclide materials were determined through gamma and alpha spectrometry. The average activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were matched with literature data from various countries. The radium equivalent value derived is 532.3 Bq kg−1, which exceeds the recommended limit of 370 Bq kg−1 for building materials without restrictions by 43.86%. The mean absorbed dose rate is 245.3 nGy h−1, significantly superior than 57 nGy h−1 reference value. The global annual effective dose, resulting from external radiation exposure and dust inhalation, is 0.3 mSv y−1, below the 1 mSv y−1 limit approved by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for public exposure. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract The effect of two types of beam expanders (prismatic and telescopic) on the output intensity and band width of dye laser has been investigated. The prism beam expander is unidimensional and little cumbersome. Two prism beam expanders were tested. The first, composed of two prisms, could lead to a folded resonator; it was short and gave higher power, but with 9.6 pm bandwidth. The second prism beam expander contained four prisms as well as the resonator was longer, but it could have 0.7 pm bandwidth. Concerning the telescopic two-dimensional beam expander, four different beam expanders were used with expanding ratios: 2X, 5X, 10X and 15X. In each case, the bandwidth, the output power and the wavelength stability were investigated. The 10X telescopic beam expander was the best with 0.7 pm bandwidth and good wavelength stability over 6 h of operation. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract The current study explores the concept of generalization of multi-switching synchronization. It contains designing the various orders of switches based on the number of state variables in the drive and response subsystems. The proposed theme is demonstrated using two hyper chaotic systems, namely Chen and Lorenz, with the aid of nonlinear active control. Prior to achieving synchronization, a chaotic analysis is conducted, including the Lyapunov characteristics exponents, fractional dimensions, and dissipativity. The study presents four distinct orders of switches (heterogeneous) and validates the computational results using Mathematica. This research contributes to the understanding of the multi-switching synchronization in broad sense and its potential applications in synchronizing the chaotic systems. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract In the field of differential geometry and mathematical physics, warped products consistently hold a central position. This paper focuses on the advancement of statistical warped products, where we examine the generic submanifolds in a holomorphic statistical manifold. We expand this exploration to study warped product CR-statistical submanifolds, presenting general inequalities in the statistical context. Subsequently, we make use of the concept of warped product CR-statistical submanifolds to introduce the notion of a twisted product CR-statistical submanifold, along with its extension, the doubly twisted product CR-statistical submanifold. Moreover, we demonstrate that a twisted product CR-statistical submanifold inherently qualifies as a CR-product. Additionally, we conclusively prove that no doubly twisted product CR-statistical submanifolds exist except twisted product CR-statistical submanifolds. PubDate: 2024-08-01
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Abstract: Abstract From the Early and Late Aptian sediments of the Baghin area, southwest of Kerman, Iran, a fairly low diverse scleractinian coral assemblage is described on the basis of paleoenvironmental factors for the first time. The fauna, collected from 6 stratigraphic horizons, encompasses 21 species from 15 genera, belonging to the families Actinastraeidae, Caryophylliidae, Columastraeidae, Eugyridae, Lasmogyridae, Latomeandridae, Rayasmiliidae, Solenocoeniidae and Stylinidae. The fauna is dominated by low corallite integration forms (plocoid and cerioid arrangements), while highly integrated corals (hydnophoroid, thamnasteroid, meandroid types) and solitary forms are subordinated. In the Baghin section, the δ13C values present a prominent negative excursion followed by a major positive excursion, which is considered geochemically characteristic of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a). Additionally, the δ18O values suggest a pronounced warming of oceanic waters throughout the studied interval. Although the corals generally had favorable ecological conditions for development, no coral fabric was observed that would suggest biohermal development. The Aptian scleractinian assemblage of the Baghin area exhibits an example of a non-reef-building coral population, that thrived on marly substrate, along the southern rim of the eastern Tethys. PubDate: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-024-01655-3
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Abstract: Abstract Design and synthesis of novel carriers with properties for controlled release of drugs is an aim for reducing the side effects of the medicines. In this paper, a novel hydrogel is fabricated based on nanoclay montmorillonite-crosslinked starch for the controlled delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to cancerous cells. The hydrogel is fabricated by the functionalization of starch with methyl methacrylate monomers, followed by cross-linking with methylene bisacrylamide by using nanoclay montmorillonite additive. The composite is characterized by several characterization techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. After the characterization of nanoclay montmorillonite-crosslinked starch nanocomposite, the fabricated hydrogel was evaluated in the delivery of DOX to the cancerous cells. After loading DOX into the hydrogel, the release profile of the drug was obtained in PBS buffer (pH = 7.4). Hemolysis studies proved the compatibility of the hydrogel in red blood cells. Cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded hydrogel was studied against T47D and LNCap cell lines. Cytotoxicity studies showed the activity and applicability of nanoclay montmorillonite-crosslinked starch composite for delivery purposes. PubDate: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-024-01622-y
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Abstract: Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, making for one-third of all malignancies in females. Between 40 and 45 percent of instances of hereditary breast cancer are caused by mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1). Breast cancer risk is raised by mutations in its Really Interesting New Gene (RING) and BRCA1 C-Terminal (BRCT) domains. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify new mutations in the BRCA1 gene's RING and BRCT domains. To examine BRCA1 mutation spectra, 107 patients were chosen who had a documented family history of ovarian or breast cancer. Direct DNA sequencing and single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), both based on the polymerase chain reaction, were used to screen for mutations in the RING and BRCT domains of the BRCA1 gene. In-silico analysis was used for the in-vitro research outcome. The study's findings indicated that the population carries several BRCA1 sequence variations, including C.55C > A, C.36A > T, C.60A > T, C.199G > C, C.164A > T, C.251A > G, C.4996T > G, C.5032A > T, C.5041A > G, and C.5291T > A. The Breast Cancer Information Core (BIC) searched and examined the mutations. Every mutation was a new mutation. Additionally, a bioinformatics investigation revealed that several variations had an impact on the pathogenicity and stability of the protein. After calculating the relative risk (RR) of research linked to danger, it was found that there was a strong correlation (RR = 1) between the newly discovered genetic mutations and an elevated risk of breast cancer. Our research emphasizes the value of mutation screening in cases of familial ovarian or breast cancer, as well as the possible ramifications of these results for genetic counseling and cancer prevention. PubDate: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-024-01660-6
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Abstract: Abstract This paper addresses Bazykin’s prey predator system, which is an ecological model comprising two differential equations for prey and predator species including predator intra-species competition. We study the solution of Bazykin’s predator–prey model of fractional order utilizing the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). Here, the fractional order Bazykin’s model is developed from the integer order counterpart. Additionally, the Holling type-II response function is included in Bazykin’s model, which we have approximated employing Taylor’s polynomial in order to utilise HPM. Extensive numerical simulations are performed for various scenarios. Our numerical findings suggest that few terms of the series solution yield a precise approximate solution. Discussion is held regarding the solutions’ dependence on fractional orders. This method is highly efficient as well as straightforward in analysing this ecological system. PubDate: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-024-01646-4
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Abstract: Abstract In this study we develop a q-Fibonacci matrix \(\mathcal {F}(q)=(f^q_{nv})_{n,v\in \mathbb {N}_0}\) given by $$\begin{aligned} f^q_{nv}=\left\{ \begin{array}{ccc} q^{v+1}\frac{f_{v+1}(q)}{f_{n+3}(q)-1}&{}, &{} 0\le v\le n, \\ 0 &{}, &{} v>n. \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$ where \(\left( f_v(q)\right)\) represents a sequence of q-Fibonacci numbers. By utilizing the matrix \(\mathcal {F}(q)\) , we define matrix domains \(\ell _p (\mathcal {F}(q)):=(\ell _p)_{\mathcal {F}(q)}\) \((0<p< \infty )\) and \(\ell _\infty (\mathcal {F}(q)):=(\ell _\infty )_{\mathcal {F}(q)}\) also known as q-Fibonacci sequence spaces. We obtain Schauder basis for the space \(\ell _p (\mathcal {F}(q))\) and determine Alpha-( \(\alpha\) -), Beta-( \(\beta\) -) and Gamma-( \(\gamma\) -) duals of the newly defined spaces. We obtain some results related to matrix transformations from the spaces \(\ell _p(\mathcal {F}(q))\) and \(\ell _\infty (\mathcal {F}(q))\) to classical sequence spaces \(\ell _\infty ,\) c and \(c_0\) . We also examined some of the geometric properties like approximation property, Dunford–Pettis property, Hahn–Banach extension property, and rotundity of the spaces \(\ell _p(\mathcal {F}(q))\) and \(\ell _\infty (\mathcal {F}(q))\) . PubDate: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-024-01644-6
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Abstract: Abstract The study provides a thorough examination of the biofuel potential of three unique lignocellulosic crop residues, including rice straw (Oryza sativa), corn stalk (Zea mays), and sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) of Odisha. In the investigation, we explored the compositional, thermal, and structural characteristics of these biomass sources to make clear their application for sustainable bioenergy production. Proximate analysis indicated variances in critical factors ranging from 5.9–14.8% (moisture content), 1.8–19.4% (ash content), 60–72.4% (volatile matter), and 9.6–14.7% (fixed carbon). Proximate analysis contributes to the various energy-generating capacities of these materials. An in-depth investigation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin concentration revealed the promise of sugarcane bagasse as a cellulose-rich option for bioethanol synthesis. Thermochemical profiling using thermogravimetric and FTIR analysis revealed information about thermal stability and chemical changes, with pretreatment essential in increasing biomass accessibility and crystallinity. The significance of pretreatment-induced crystallinity for effective enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentable sugar generation was highlighted by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Overall, this study advances our understanding of the intricate relationships between biomass composition, structure, and bioenergy potential, offering valuable insights for developing sustainable biofuel production strategies. PubDate: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-024-01651-7
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Abstract: Abstract Thin film techniques and layers are essential in many industrial applications such as solar cells, gas sensors, photodetectors, etc. In this study, the impact of the annealing process on the structural and optical characteristics of tin sulfide and cuprous oxide (Cu2O NPs/SnS) thin films prepared by thermal evaporation technique onto glass substrates, then annealed at 200 °C was studied to a candidate the layers for solar cell fabrication. X-ray diffraction, surface morphology, and UV–visible measurement characterized the films. After annealing, the average crystal size of Cu2O/SnS nanostructure films decreased from 14 to 12 nm, while the dislocation and micro-strain increased. The SEM images show a uniform and homogeneous distribution after the annealing process and EDX analysis confirmed the elemental stoichiometry of the films. The obtained values of average roughness increased from 0.458 to 0.678 nm, and the root mean square increased from 0.579 to 0.875 nm. The evaluated energy gap of thin films was 1.75 eV for as-deposited and 1.8 eV for annealed films. The surface homogeneity and appropriate energy band gap refer to suitable films for optoelectronics applications. PubDate: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-024-01648-2
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Abstract: Abstract In the present study, we have calculated the energy band gap of some chalcogenides viz. Na2S and Na2Se, using the equation from Angilella et al. (JPCS 121:032006, 2008) to analyze the variation of energy band gap under high pressure with respect to the lattice constant. To determine the pressure, we using some different equation of state viz. Murnaghan EOS, Hama-Suito EOS, Vinet-Rydburg EOS, Birch-Murnaghan EOS and Shanker EOS. The energy band gap of chalcogenide materials similarly behaves like other semiconductors when influenced by high pressure. The result of our calculations for the lattice constant under high pressure indicate that the lattice constant decreases as pressure increases. Furthermore for, Na2S and Na2Se materials at high pressure, our results show that the energy band gap increases as pressure increases for all EOSs. PubDate: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-024-01643-7