Authors:Edward Edward, Amjad Fayoumi, Azar Shahgholian, Achmad Hidayanto Pages: 1 - 13 Abstract: The Brexit referendum has impacted both the UK and the EU economies in several ways. The uncertainty around Brexit highlighted the importance of a relationships network between directors of companies to access information and resources that are necessary for optimal decision making. It is difficult to develop informed business and economy policies without a deep understanding of the magnitude of Brexit on business-to-business relationships with EU-based firms. This study aims to analyze the impact of the passage of the Brexit referendum on the evolution of board interlock networks. The study uses network analysis to measure the evolution of UK-EU directors’ relationships over the Brexit period, predominantly between the 2010 and 2020 period. The study models the structural changes in dynamic networks by converting this evolving network into static graphs on yearly basis. The analysis indicates that links formation in the UK is affected negatively by the Brexit referendum. It also has a negative impact on forming a new link with potential companies’ directors in the EU, but it shows a rising tendency for shared affiliation bias analysis. Interestingly, the contradicted trend in 2007, the number of directors’ connection in consumer service and food & drug sectors was decreasing in the UK while rocketing in the EU. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-01 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-01 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:João M. S. Carvalho Pages: 14 - 36 Abstract: This study had three objectives: to discover the main concepts and theories used in research around entrepreneurship; systematize the entrepreneurial process in a model that allows teaching it more efficiently, and substantiate the model by applying it to various social entrepreneurship projects. To this end, a systematic scoping review was carried out to identify the main concepts, theories, and processes, which constitute the six crucial building blocks to someone could be successful as a(n) (social) intra/entrepreneur. Then, a design-science approach led us to use real social innovation and social entrepreneurship cases to evaluate the constructs and the model. Consequently, it is concluded that all concepts, theories and models identified can be classified as external factors (Context and Resources), internal factors (Objectives and entrepreneurial Will) and achievements (Action and Impact). The CROWAI model fits well with the data obtained on 465 innovation and social entrepreneurship projects. Thus, this model presents a more comprehensive approach, applicable to all profitable or social intra/entrepreneurship situations, allowing this new conceptual arrangement to be more easily taught. Additionally, it makes sense to use the term ‘social’ in innovation and intra/entrepreneurship because it has excellent defining power of the scope one wants to achieve with human endeavours. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-02 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-02 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Aaron Anil Chadee, Xsitaaz T. Chadee, Clyde Chadee, Festus Otuloge Pages: 37 - 52 Abstract: The tilted S-shaped utility function proposed in Prospect Theory (PT) relied fundamentally on the geometrical notion that there is a discontinuity between gains and losses, and that individual preferences change relative to a reference point. This results in PT having three distinct parameters; concavity, convexity and the reference point represented as a disjoint between the concavity and convexity sections of the curve. The objective of this paper is to examine the geometrical violations of PT at the zero point of reference. This qualitative study adopted a theoretical review of PT and Markowitz’s triply inflected value function concept to unravel methodological assumptions which were not fully addressed by either PT or cumulative PT. Our findings suggest a need to account for continuity and to resolve this violation of PT at the reference point. In so doing, an alternative preference transition theory, was proposed as a solution that includes a phase change space to cojoin these three separate parameters into one continuous nonlinear model. This novel conceptual model adds new knowledge of risk and uncertainty in decision making. Through a better understanding of an individual’s reference point in decision making behaviour, we add to contemporary debate by complementing empirical studies and harmonizing research in this field. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-03 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-03 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Steph Subanidja, Fangky Antoneus Sorongan, Mercurius Broto Legowo Pages: 53 - 63 Abstract: The study investigates the existence of a fintech entity that effect sustainable bank performance through competitive advantage and introduces a new fintech entity as an antecedent of competitive advantage and performance. Analysis of the causes of disturbance of the performance uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study uses 59 questionnaires returned from all 70 bank financial managers as a National Commercial Bank Association member. Five informants were selected from the Central Bank of Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority, the Indonesian Fintech Association, a bank business player, and the Commercial Bank Association Management. Using Partial Least Square, the results show that the fintech entity can drive sustainable bank performance, directly and indirectly, through competitive advantage. The existence of fintech is a dominant factor for achieving performance. From the informants, the results show that collaboration with a fintech entity is necessary and initially, the banks in running a business based on a perspective of experience. Moreover, Informants predicted that fintech and competitive conditions would significantly influence performance in the present and the future. Then, the implication is that fintech cannot be avoided but must be embraced as bank cooperation partners to sustain the performance. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-04 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-04 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Wilert Puriwat, Suchart Tripopsakul Pages: 64 - 74 Abstract: Social responsibility is understood to be one of the crucial strategic responsibilities for organizations across the globe. In the digital era, firms have transformed social responsibility initiatives into digital platforms. This study aims to investigate the effects of digital social responsibility (DSR) on electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and purchase intention (PI) in the social media context. This survey research is based on 214 samples, collected via an online questionnaire as a research tool. Structural equation modelling has been used to validate the proposed hypotheses. The results show that perceived DSR has significant positive influence on consumers’ attitude (b = 0.408) and eWOM (b = 0.238). The mediation analysis indicates that consumers’ attitude partially mediates the relationship between DSR and eWOM (DE = 0.238, IE = 0.154), and fully mediates the relationship between DSR and PI (DE = 0.08, IE = 0.173). Since few previous studies have explored the impact of DSR toward eWOM and PI, our study confirms the effects of DSR on consumers’ attitudes and eWOM. This empirical study can provide managers with further understanding of the effects of DSR via social media on consumers’ attitude and eWOM. Our results should also encourage firms to implement DSR initiatives to enhance consumers’ positive attitudes and spread positive word of mouth about firms. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-05 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-05 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Abdalhussain A. Khadayeir, Ahmed H. Wannas, Falah H. Yousif Pages: 75 - 85 Abstract: Objective: In this study, α-Fe2O3 thin film was formed on a glass substrate to study the impact of adding cold plasma on the self-cleaning and antibacterial properties of the samples. Method: The samples were synthesized using the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method at 450°C. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and atomic force microscope were used to investigate the morphological and structural characteristics of α-Fe2O3 thin layers prior to and following plasma injection. Finding: The degree of wettability and antibacterial characteristics of iron oxide (hematite) thin film were evaluated in the presence of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria prior to and following plasma injection, given the great potential of plasma injection in the surface modification of thin films. Novelty: The findings indicate that exposing plasma to α-Fe2O3thin film produces substantial changes in morphology, self-cleaning, and antibacterial characteristics. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-06 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-06 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Jan Fuka, Robert Baťa, Kateřina Josková, Jiří Křupka Pages: 86 - 105 Abstract: Mixed methods research methodology appears to be a suitable approach for researching complex phenomena such as emergencies. Researchers study the impacts on different areas such as economy, society, or environment, mostly in separate studies. To better understand the reality of emergencies, it is necessary to study the problem in the broadest possible context. So, examining those impacts in one single study is a challenge. The objective of this article is to process a comprehensive assessment of an emergency that has the potential to establish the basis of a robust tool for public managers to support their decision-making, using mixed methods research methodology. The crisis is an explosion of an ammunition storage site in the Czech Republic - the former satellite country of the Soviet Union. The sub-methods used in mixed methods research are analysis of data, interviews, questionnaire surveys, and field research. The main findings include that in the economic area, growth of public budget expenditures was found; in the environmental area, primary and inducted impacts have been proved. Survey also confirms that the emergency reduced the personal sense of security and trust in public institutions in the affected community. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-07 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-07 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Usman Pato, Dewi Fortuna Ayu, Emma Riftyan, Fajar Restuhadi, Wasisso Tunggul Pawenang, Royyan Firdaus, Annisa Rahma, Irwandi Jaswir Pages: 106 - 117 Abstract: This work aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties of cellulose from OPT used in the fabrication of CMF and evaluate the efficacy of the hydrogel CMF as an encapsulant for L. fermentum InaCC B1295 stored at room temperature and in the refrigerator. The Kjeldahl method was used to evaluate the protein content; the gravimetric method was used to determine OPT's ash, moisture, and fiber contents; the Soxhlet method was used to determine the fat content carbohydrates were computed using the difference method. The levels of holocellulose, lignin, and cellulose were also determined. Viability, acid and bile resistance of strain B1295 were evaluated at various temperatures for 35 days. The most abundant component of OPT fiber was cellulose, followed by hemicellulose and lignin. XRD examination revealed that OPT cellulose has a crystal index of 83.40%. FTIR analysis was used to detect the stretching vibrations of the –OH group on cellulose at 3419.03 cm-1. CMF hydrogel from OPT sustained L. fermentum InaCC B1295 survival for up to 28 days at room and refrigerated temperatures. At acidic conditions and in the presence of bile, the viability of L. fermentum InaCC B1295 was excellent, with a drop in cell population of less than 0.2 log CFU/g over 35 days at room and refrigerated temperatures. CMF obtained from OPT can be used as an encapsulant to maintain viability, acid resistance and bile of probiotics. There is still a need for research into the usage of CMF from OPT in combination with other encapsulants to extend the storage life of L. fermentum InaCC B1295. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-08 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-08 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Nimer Baya'a, Wajeeh Daher, Samah Mahagna Pages: 118 - 127 Abstract: This research intends to investigate the effect of collaborative computerized learning using GeoGebra on the development of the concept images of angle among seventh graders who were engaged in computerized collaborative activities that encouraged the development of five types of angle concept images: verbal, authentic-life, graphical, numeric, and dynamic. The research sample consisted of eight seventh grade students who worked collaboratively in groups of two. Two tests (a pre-test and a post-test) were administered to examine the development of students’ conceptual images of the angle. In addition, interviews were held with the participants to study this development. The Constant Comparison Method was used to analyze the data. The results showed positive effects of the visual and dynamic use of GeoGebra, as well as of the collaborative learning, on the development of participants' concept images of the angle, especially the dynamic one. The research results point to the importance of integrating dynamic tools into the teaching and learning of mathematics. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-09 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-09 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Saad S. Alrwashdeh, Handri Ammari, Mazen A. Madanat, Ala’a M. Al-Falahat Pages: 128 - 137 Abstract: The heat exchanger (HE) is a device that is used to complete the process of heat transfer between different matters without direct mixing. Therefore, it is of great importance in the transfer of energy and the completion of various energy transition processes. In the processes of HE between different energy systems, many factors influence and play a major and important role in the efficiency of transformation and exchange in forms of energy, such as the length, the material type, the exchange fluid, the surrounding environment, and many other factors. In this work, the effect of the HE length of the parallel and counter flow HEs was investigated based on the use of computer simulation programs. There was a significant impact of the exchange factors, especially the length of the HEs in both the parallel and counter-flow HEs, on the quality and efficiency of the HE and the temperature distribution. The overall evaluation shows that by increasing the length of the HE for both parallel and counter-flow HEs, the heat transfer is increased and the heat distribution becomes more homogeneous, which aids in enhancing the transfer of energy efficiency inside the HEs. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-010 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-010 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:G. Buchanna, P. Premchand, A. Govardhan Pages: 138 - 150 Abstract: Seizures are a common symptom of this neurological condition, which is caused by the discharge of brain nerve cells at an excessively fast rate. Chaos, nonlinearity, and other nonlinearities are common features of scalp and intracranial Electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded in clinics. EEG signals that aren't immediately evident are challenging to categories because of their complexity. The Gradient Boost Decision Tree (GBDT) classifier was used to classify the majority of the EEG signal segments automatically. According to this study, the Hurst exponent, in combination with AFA, is an efficient way to identify epileptic signals. As with any fractal analysis approach, there are problems and factors to keep in mind, such as identifying whether or not linear scaling areas are present. These signals were classified as either epileptic or non-epileptic by using a combination of GBDT and a Support Vector Regression (SVR). The combined method's identification accuracy was 98.23%. This study sheds light on the effectiveness of AFA feature extraction and GBDT classifiers in EEG classification. The findings can be utilized to develop theoretical guidance for the clinical identification and prediction of epileptic EEG signals. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-011 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-011 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Zahid Raza, Kiran Naz, Sarfraz Ahmad Pages: 151 - 165 Abstract: A chemical graph is a model used to indicate a chemical combination. In a molecular graph, vertices define atoms, and edges are represented as chemical bonds. A topological index is a single number to characterize the graph of a molecule. In this article, we study the topological properties of some special chains. The polyphenyl chains with hexagons are graphs of aromatic organic compounds. The key purpose of this article is to explore the expected value of Sombor, reduced Sombor, and average Sombor index for this category of organic compounds. It was investigated that the Sombor, reduced Sombor and average Sombor index revealed adequate discriminative potential of alkanes. It has been tested that these indicators can be used effectively in modeling chemical thermodynamic structures. The average value of the Sombor, reduced Sombor, and average Sombor index for the set of all spiro and random polyphenyl chains has been determined. Finally, the ratio between the expected values of these mentioned indices for both random chains has been resolved. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-012 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-012 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana, I Putu Wisna Ariawan, Agus Adiarta Pages: 166 - 184 Abstract: The effectiveness of flipped learning can be realized if the dominant aspects that become positive and negative inequalities are known from the beginning. Positive inequality is used to indicate aspects that support the successful flipped learning implementation. Negative inequality is used to indicate aspects that need attention for improvement in a better direction. The reality is very difficult to determine the aspects that are included in the positive and negative inequalities. Therefore, an innovation of the IT education evaluation model is needed to be able to solve those problems. The DIVAYANA model that is modified with the Discrepancy model and integrated with the Daiwi Sampad and Asuri Sampad concepts can be used as an innovation in the field of IT education evaluation. The main objective of this research was to show the design quality of the new evaluation model integrated with Balinese local wisdom. It is called the DIVAYANA model based on the Discrepancy Daiwi Asuri Sampad which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of flipped learning implementation at IT vocational schools. This research was carried out by following the stages of the Borg and Gall development model. This research only focused on five stages from a total of ten development stages. Those stages included: 1) research and field data collection, 2) planning, 3) design development, 4) initial trials, and 5) revision of initial trials. The subjects involved in collecting field data were six people. The subjects involved in planning and designing of evaluation model were three people. The subjects involved in the initial trials were 44 people. Subjects involved in the revision of initial trial results were three people. Questionnaires were used to collect field data and conduct preliminary trials. The results of data collection from the initial trial results were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques by percentage descriptive calculations. The results showed that the quality level of the DIVAYANA model design based on the Discrepancy Daiwi Asuri Sampadwas 88.25%. So that the design was included in the good category and can be used to determine the dominant aspects that become the positive and negative inequalities in flipped learning implementation. The contribution of this research to the field of education is to show the existence of a new evaluation model in the IT education field which can be used to determine the dominant aspects that become positive and negative inequalities in supporting the successful flipped learning implementation at IT vocational schools. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-013 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-013 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Afshin Balal, Saleh Dinkhah, Farzad Shahabi, Miguel Herrera, Yao Lung Chuang Pages: 185 - 200 Abstract: In this paper, a brief review of the multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies is presented. The two-level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) requires a suitable filter to produce sinusoidal output waveforms. The high-frequency switching and the PWM method are used to create output waveforms with the least amount of ripples. Due to the switching losses, the traditional two-level inverter has some restrictions when running at high frequencies. For addressing this problem, multilevel inverters (MLI) with lower switching frequencies and reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) are employed, eliminating the requirement for filters and bulky transformers. Furthermore, improved performance at the high switching frequency, higher power quality (near to pure sinusoidal), and fewer switching losses are just a few of the benefits of MLI inverters. However, each switch has to have its own gate driver for implementing MLI, which adds to the system's complexity. Therefore, reducing the number of switches of MLI is necessary. This paper presents a review of some of the different current topologies using a lower number of switches. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-014 Full Text: PDF PubDate: 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-014 Issue No:Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
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