Authors:Samim YAŞAR; Nevriye SİCİM Abstract: Thyme (Thymus sipyleus BOISS. subsp. sipyleus BOISS. var. sipyleus L.) plant obtained by rooting from its natural environment was cultivated in Konya province Beyşehir district. In production, Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Potassium (K1), Micro Elements (Boron + Copper + Iron + Manganese + Molybdenum + Zinc) (K3) and Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Potassium + Micro Elements (Boron + Copper + Iron + Manganese + Molybdenum + Zinc) (K2 and K4) formed fertilizer mixtures were applied and harvest was made in three different periods in August, September and October 2019. The findings showed that the monoterpene compounds with 60.66% in the October harvest of thyme produced using K4 fertilizer mixture application, the sesquiterpene compounds with 11.52% in the September harvest of thyme (K0 control sample), and the alcohol compounds with 69.64% in the September harvest of thyme produced using K1 fertilizer mixture application reached the highest values. As a result, it was showed that the contents of volatile component groups could be differentiated in the thyme plant harvested in different periods after using various fertilizer mixtures during production. Thus, a wide range of raw material content properties can be offered for the relevant industrial areas that accept thyme as a raw material. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Muhammed Hakan ÇAKMAK; Zeki AYTAÇ Abstract: The EUNIS Habitat Classification is a comprehensive habitat classification system that includes all habitat types, which are natural to artificial, terrestrial to fresh and salt water, allowing harmonized disclosures and data collection across Europe. In this review, studies in the literature related to EUNIS conducted in Turkey between the years 2011-2020 were reviewed. As a result of the literature review, a total of 140 EUNIS habitat types were determined at level 3. In these studies, it was also determined that without level restriction there are 26 new habitat types not defined in EUNIS. As a result, this review revealed the overall situation of the EUNIS habitats across Turkey and provided a general assessment opportunity in this regard. In addition, this study will be an important base to those who will do research in this field. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Muhterem KÜÇÜKÖNDER; Tolga ÇAN Abstract: Landslide inventory mapping studies around Mersin and Erdemli regions of southern Turkey revealed that numerous old large-scale and recent small-scale landslides were presumably aroused in different time intervals. While the recent active landslides have been mostly triggered by excessive rainfall, old landslides are considered to be occurred by geomorphologic valley incision processes besides the other preparatory environmental conditions. The evaluation of the spatial distribution of old landslides present retrogressive, deep-seated with complex and rotational slides in the ophiolites and ophiolitic melange units comprising also overlying reefal limestones. In this study, surface deformations caused by landslides were evaluated using radar interferometry techniques for a specified period in Karaoglan catchment. Landslide related deformations were detected over radar images of L-band ALOS-PALSAR sensor for the years between 2007 and 2011. Landslides which are active are investigated in detail cross-sections. The mean displacement from differential interferogram cross-sections was measured 3.5 cm in LOS direction. Differential SAR interferometry for studied period depicts that the average rate of movement for the entire area is extremely slow with a rate of 10 mm/yr. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ali İhsan KAYA; Ömer Ümit YALÇIN, Yasemin TÜRKER Abstract: Physical, mechanical and some thermal properties of gypsum-wood mixture particleboards were analyzed for specimens which were prepared in different proportions previously conditioned at 23 ˚C and 65% relative humidity. Water absorbtion (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) properties were measured after soaked in water for 24 hours. Furthermore, the increment of wood particle was increased the water absobtion values around 28.5 % and 2.1% thickness swelling values, respectively. However, the reduction of gypsum ratio was negatively effected the mechanical resistance of the boards. The highest MOR, MOE and internal bond (IB) values were observed in the C1 code board with 4.73 MPa, 27.04 MPa and 0.97 N/mm2 respectively. The thermal conductivty of wood-gypsum boards were ranged from 0.7404-0.5021 W/mK. The highest density was found in C1 type board as 1.333 kg/m³ and also the highest thermal coductivity was observed at the same sample. Besides, the highest surface temprature which was passed to opposite side of flame source, was found in C5 as 141.7 oC after 300 seconds. However, the lowest value was observed in C1 type board as 93.3 ˚C after 300 seconds. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ayhan ERTEN; Mustafa EROGLU, İrfan AVCI, Taylan KARAN, Ahmet Efekan ÇOBAN Abstract: The energy demand is increasing day by day. Therefore, the renewable and sustainable energy of geothermal power plants is very important. The biggest problems seen in geothermal power plants are sedimentation and scaling. The scaling occurs into the wells, pipelines and heat exchangers, etc. where the geothermal brine passes. Those locations where the elements and compounds in the geothermal brine precipitate under specific conditions, forms scales.Those scales caused decreased efficiency of energy production. During the process of energy production, the temperature drops inside heat exchangers and that causes the antimony (Sb) compounds got precipitated and caused scaling. Those scales negatively affect heat transfer and eventually cause less energy to be produced by causing blockage of the vaporizer, preheater, and filters. For this reason, stibnite scaling is a situation that should be taken into serious consideration. Until now, different methods have been developed against stibnite scalings.As of 2020, HYDRODIS® GE has been developed by the Bozzettto group, which stops the precipitation and cuts the operating costs. In this way, the antimony compounds where possibly creates scales got prevented and returned in the geothermal brine to the reservoir via reinjection wells by letting production continue without any energy loss. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Samim YAŞAR; Gürcan GÜLER Abstract: Pre-hydrolysis is recognized as the high temperature treatment of wood particles to remove hemicelluloses prior to kraft pulp production. In this study, black poplar (Populus nigra L.) particles were pre-hydrolyzed with hot water at 170 °C for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 minutes, and the changes in the chemical composition of the particles were investigated. Pre-hydrolysis increased the α-cellulose and extractive contents of the particles, while decreasing the contents of lignin, holocellulose and hemicellulose. It was observed that hemicelluloses decreased rapidly in the first minutes of the pre-hydrolysis process. A significant decrease was detected in the amount of xylose, mannose and galactose from hemicellulose units during the pre-hydrolysis process. Minor changes occurred in the content of arabinose. Galactose left the particles in the fifteenth minute of the pre-hydrolysis, and rhamnose in the first minutes. It has been observed that the optimum hydrolysis time with hot water can be thirty minutes since it removes 78.43% of hemicelluloses from the black poplar particles at 170 °C and increases the α-cellulose ratio by 18.71%. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ali Can İNCEGÜL; Kubilay TAŞDELEN Abstract: Elektronik burun (e-burun), kahve, şarap ve bira gibi içeceklerin değerlendirmesinde kullanılan düşük maliyetli, koku üzerine yoğunlaşan bir cihazdır. Kahve, farklı kavurma derecelerinde instant veya içmeye hazır formda bulunan insanlık tarihinin en popüler içeceklerinden birisidir. Bu çalışmada geniş tüketim ağı bulunan Arabika ve Robusta türü kahvelerin tasarlanan elektronik burun cihazı ile ayrımlarının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda MQ (MQ135, MQ2, MQ3, MQ5, MQ6, MQ7 ve MQ8) sensörleri kullanılarak bir elektronik burun düzeneği tasarlanmıştır ve kahve analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Numunelerden alınan sinyaller arduino kartla işlenip MATLAB programına aktarılmıştır. Tasarlanan e-burun cihazının kahveleri ayırıp ayıramadığı ise sınıflandırma algoritmaları kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Cihazdan alınan sinyal değerleri doğrusal ayırma analizi (LDA), Bayes, en yakın komşu (kNN-3, kNN-5, kNN-7 ve kNN-9), karar ağacı, oneR ve destek vektör analizi (SVM) algoritmaları kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Arabika ve Robusta ikili ayrımında en iyi sınıflandırma cevabı MQ7 sensöründen, karar ağacı algoritma analizi ile elde edilmiştir. MQ135 % 79.63 oranında ayrım yaparken, MQ2, % 78.46 ve MQ 7 % 80.92 oranında ayrım yapabildiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen sinyallerin yorumlanmasında yürütülen sınıflandırma çalışmaları sonucunda en iyi sınıflandırmalar karar ağaçlarından (decision trees) elde edilmiştir ve diğer sınıflandırma yöntemlerine göre daha yüksek başarı sağladığı görülmüştür. Yürütülen bu çalışma ile kahve sektörü için önemli bir sorun olan daha ucuz kahvelerin kaliteli olanlar ile karıştırılması durumu hızlı ve ekonomik bir şekilde dizayn edilen e-burun düzeneği sayesinde tespit edilmiştir. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Gamze ÖZEL; Ceren ÜNAL, Yeter DÜZ, Kürşad ÖZKAN Abstract: Today's statistics topics are located in more mathematics curriculum in Turkey. As a result of technological and scientific advances in recent years, the complexity caused by the raw data and information traffic has made the analysis and interpretation of the data even more important. Therefore, statistical methods and tools are needed more in education programs. In this study, the benefits of "Learn Statistics in Nature" project realized within the scope of TÜBİTAK 4004 Nature Education and Science Schools in statistics teaching are emphasized. The sample of the research consists of 36 teachers from different branches participating in the project. Within the scope of the project, activities related to the natural applications and examples of statistics were executed. In order to measure the impact of the project on teachers, activity evaluation forms, interviews and mini-tests created by the researchers were used. In addition, teachers' post-project fictional education examples and their visual arts were analyzed. It was observed that the interactive and nature-based statistical applications in the project and the visualization of the data with software positively affected the teachers and increased their learning and research desire. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Gokcen ALTUN Abstract: In this study, 87 digital panoramic images are classified by the three raters to assess the accuracy of diagnosis of peri-implant bone defects. The coefficient of kappa is obtained as 0.81 among the three raters, which indicates an almost perfect agreement. Then, the log-linear agreement models are applied to the data. The best model is determined based on the model selection criteria. Using the best model, we estimate the agreement parameter. It is 33 times higher for three raters to make the same decision than to make a different decision. The results show that the coefficients of the agreement only show the value of the fit between raters. On the other hand, agreement models provide a model equation for the raters, and more detailed and consistent results can be obtained by calculating the agreement and association parameters. PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +030
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