 Subjects -> SCIENCES: COMPREHENSIVE WORKS (Total: 374 journals)
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- Misdirection in Global Health
Authors: Koen Peeters Grietens, Patricia Kingori, Phoebe Friesen, Rene Gerrets, Rachel Douglas-Jones, Gustav Kuhn
Pages: 2 - 12
Abstract: NA
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.115410
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
- Misdirection – Magic, Psychology and its Application
Authors: Gustav Kuhn, Patricia Kingori, Koen Peeters Grietens
Pages: 13 - 29
Abstract: The art of magic relies on deception and illusions to create human experiences that appear impossible. Misdirection lies at the heart of this deceptive art, and yet there is little consensus as to what this concept aims to describe. The concept of misdirection is not limited to magic, and its principles are applied to wide aspects of our lives (e.g., politics, public health, marketing). In recent years, scientists have started to examine the psychological mechanisms that underpin misdirection and new theoretical frameworks have been developed to help understand the concept itself. This paper will provide two different perspectives on misdirection. In the first section we will discuss its use in magic and examine some of the key features involved in using misdirection to create magical illusions. This section will examine some common misconceptions of misdirection. The second section will provide a psychological perspective that discusses the key psychological mechanisms that are involved in misdirection (perception, memory, reasoning). This paper aims to provide a clearer understanding of how misdirection is used in magic which can serve as the basis for its use in other domains, such as public health.
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.112182
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
- Misdirection and the Regulation of Herbalism in France and England
Authors: Emilie Cloatre, Nayeli Urquiza-Haas
Pages: 30 - 51
Abstract: In this paper, we propose to explore how the regulation of herbalism, in France and in the UK, rests on series of ‘misdirections,’ with the coexistence of law and herbalism depending on multiple magical illusions. Attempts to regulate herbalists, and the responses they invite, involve multiple sleights of hands both by the law and by herbalists. Herbalists perform misdirections to maintain an illusion of legality, even where they bend legal rules that they deem incompatible with their practice. But far from being the only, or even the most effective, tricksters, herbalists are only one set of performers in a more complex layering of legal illusions. The regulatory and legal infrastructure itself relies on misdirections enacted through everyday legal procedures that trick the general public into believing that the law is ‘acting’ to protect vulnerable consumers from dangerous healers and their medicines, while the effects of its actions may be to tolerate or indeed produce, zones of illegal, or ‘barely legal’, practices. At the same time, this performance is enabled by playing a disappearing act, in which the knowledge of herbalists, and the demands of their users, are disappeared behind the screen of apparent legal protection. Drawing attention away from competing claims to knowledge, and towards its protective intervention, the legal system thereby embeds misdirections of its own kind.
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.110353
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
- Following Misdirection and Multiple Malarias in Santo Domingo, Dominican
Republic
Authors: Hunter Keys
Pages: 52 - 71
Abstract: Misdirection can be understood as a social process of pursuing certain kinds of evidence while drawing attention away from others. This paper explores misdirection in the context of malaria elimination in the Dominican Republic. Malaria has recently exploded in impoverished spaces of the capital, Santo Domingo. Using ethnographic material collected from 2018-19, three perspectives trace the social co-production of misdirection. First, a young man afflicted with fever and weakness understands his ailment as “stress sickness” brought on by poverty and structural violence. Second, clinicians focus on the results of hemograms to diagnose febrile patients, creating a pattern of misdiagnosis. Lastly, malaria policies and financing demand more indicator data, creating the appearance of a neutral reality separate from local histories and political tensions. In the end, misdirection obscures malaria’s multiplicity, or the alternative realities that arise among the social actors who live with and respond to the problem of malaria in the capital. Attention to social-material practices breaks out of the narrow conceptualization of malaria as ‘only’ a parasitic disease and reveals its other, multiple manifestations that require more than techno-biomedical solutions alone.
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.110326
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
- “It’s All in Your Head”
Authors: Phoebe Friesen, Émilie Dionne
Pages: 72 - 96
Abstract: In this contribution, we examine three stories of beneficent deception in medicine: the placebo machine invites children with treatment-resistant disorders to enter a high-tech machine and let their brains heal themselves; dementia villages extend validation therapy to the lived environment of geriatric care, supporting the illusion of living in the past through architecture; provocative testing relies on tricking patients suspected of fakery into experiencing seizures so that they can receive an expedited diagnosis. Enlisting the concept of misdirection from the realm of magic and theoretical contributions related to ‘stories’ and ‘storying practices’ from Feminist Science and Technologies Studies, we ask of each: Who is being deceived' Which ‘characters’ are given voice when these stories are told' How is deception justified' Following this, we question the onto-epistemological assumptions of reality and causation underlying each story and offer concluding thoughts on how ‘magic’ could be embraced within medicine and research.
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.110291
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
- Encountering Semiotic Misdirection in Covid-19 Etiquette Guides
Authors: Arsenii Alenichev
Pages: 97 - 111
Abstract: This paper examines Global health misdirection unfolding at the semiotic level of Covid-19 related texts and images produced by the World Health Organisation. I argue that such public health materials, claiming neutrality and universal applicability, become multimodal etiquette guides that presume normal bodies and middle-class social environments. I give specific attention to how Covid-19-related materialities, affordances and emotive actants directly contribute to elite-making, stratification and strategic cultivation of shame and embarrassment with regard to Covid-19 etiquette. By tracing such an example of ‘semiotic misdirection’ in global health, I invite STS and adjacent communities to approach the circulation of public health materials as a semiotic practice that creates novel kinds of oddities and stratifications, and to consider the enactment of seemingly neutral and value-free public health rules as morally-charged etiquette.
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.110461
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
- Tribute to Dan Allman
Authors: Editors
Pages: 112 - 113
Abstract: NA
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.115573
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
- Louvel Severine (2021) The Policies and Politics of Interdisciplinary
Research: Nanomedicine in France and in the United States
Authors: Mathieu Albert
Pages: 114 - 116
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.112716
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
- van de Wiel Lucy (2020) Freezing Fertility: Oocyte Cryopreservation and
the Gender Politics of Aging
Authors: Julia Zielke
Pages: 117 - 119
PubDate: 2022-05-15
DOI: 10.23987/sts.108996
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2022)
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