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Abstract: Publication date: 19 June 2025 Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 167 Author(s): Michal Krbata, Jozef Jaroslav Fekiač, Marcel Kohutiar, Miroslav Malý, Pavol Mikuš This paper focuses on the design and construction of the front wing for the FS TUL Racing team's monopost, which competes in Formula Student racing. The aim is to use knowledge of fluid mechanics, structural design, materials, CAD systems and CFD simulations to optimise the aerodynamic properties of the vehicle. The thesis explores the basic principles of aerodynamics and analyses the problems encountered in the design process. It includes testing of carbon fabrics and subsequent selection of the most appropriate material for the application. The research also includes the development and comparison of three wing variants using CFD simulations, with subsequent evaluation of the selected variant in the wind tunnel. The result is the selection of the optimum wing variant that meets the specified performance and safety requirements. This variant is then compared with the CAD model using 3D scanning to verify its accuracy and quality. The work contributes to the advancement of the field of race car aerodynamics and provides valuable insights for future development teams, thus supporting further technology development in motorsport.
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Abstract: Publication date: 19 June 2025 Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 167 Author(s): Martin Bilka, Michal Krbata, Maroš Eckert, Miroslav Polášek, Marcel Kohutiar The purpose of the suppressor is to partially eliminate the sound effect after firing and to mask the muzzle flame (essential for power components). When fired, the temperature rises approximately seven to ten degrees with each shot, assuming uniform temperature conditions of 21 °C. Given this knowledge, the suppressor can reach temperatures of 150 °C to 280 °C after firing one or two 30-round magazines. Assuming active training of the force or sport shooters, the suppressor will reach temperatures of 540 °C Celsius during continuous firing in an army combat situation, with temperatures in excess of 1000 °C. Already temperatures exceeding 280 °C during firing significantly affect the degradation of the suppressor material by thermal expansion through wear and tear, clogging by sediments in the case of frequent use of suppressors, massive deterioration by high temperature pressures and a significant reduction of the effect. Thermal deformation also has a significant effect, which can cause twisting or bending of the material, which can result in contact of the projectile with the suppressor and deflection of the projectile, in the worst case resulting in rupture of the suppressor and fragmentation of the projectile. Current knowledge, studies, professional articles published by the shooting public, representing the opinions and knowledge of the force components, sport shooters as well as hunters point to the lack of functionality, durability effectiveness of suppressors and point to defects, shortcomings during active use.
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Abstract: Publication date: 19 June 2025 Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 167 Author(s): Peter Gabštur, Martin Pollák, Marek Kočiško, Jakub Kaščak Parametric and generative design represent key elements of contemporary design, offering faster and more efficient ways of creating compared to traditional approaches. This article explores the use of generative design and parametric design in the field of industrial design, focusing on the application of generative design tools in Fusion 360 software for designing functional objects. Generative design, through algorithms and rules, enables the exploration of various design variants to find the optimal solution. It focuses on creating organic shapes and optimizing them based on specific criteria, drawing inspiration from natural elements. Parametric design, on the other hand, concentrates on directly defining and manipulating model parameters, allowing for quick design adjustments. The article also provides a detailed view of the generative study design process in Fusion 360 software, including a description of settings and design options. Furthermore, it highlights the benefits of its use through practical examples of generative design applications and the design possibilities offered by this approach. In the practical part of this article, the creation of a real component through generative design in Creo PTC software was demonstrated. This process shows how modern tools allow not only the creation of complex and functional shapes but also the direct application of optimization algorithms to improve designs in a real-world environment.
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Abstract: Publication date: 19 June 2025 Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 167 Author(s): Lenka Dobsakova, Baptiste Zanolini, Vladimír Horák A heat sink is a cooling device that transfers the dissipated heat away from electronics to the surroundings. The testing method presented in the paper applies the nonequilibrium thermodynamic analysis of heat sink cooling curves. Here, the heat sink temperature time course is measured by using a thermal imager. The used thermal imager Flir T-640 takes single shots with recording of images. The proposed method validation test was performed on a selected heat sink. By analyzing the heat sink cooling curves, it is possible to obtain courses of the heat power and the heat sink surface to ambient thermal resistance. The presented testing method also enables a thermal analysis to distinguish between the convective and radiative components of heat transfer.
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Abstract: Publication date: 19 June 2025 Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 167 Author(s): Beáta Kopiláková, Ľubomír Hujo, Milan Jus The subject of this scientific work was the measurement of flow from a gear hydrogenerator under laboratory and operational conditions depending on pressure and temperature. The measurement methodology shows the possibilities to measure and subsequently evaluate the dependence of flow rate on pressure drop and also the efficiency of the hydrogenerator. Operational measurement provides the basis for simulation measurements in laboratory conditions. A hydraulic circuit was constructed to test the load of the gear hydrogenerator under operating conditions, with the decisive criterion being the achievement of the specified flow rate at a specified speed derived from the operating speed. When measuring the flow rate and determining the flow efficiency of the gear pump, the operating pressure of the pumps was taken into account along with load simulation in laboratory conditions. The measurements were carried out on HYDAC 3010 devices with HYDAC EVS 3100 flow meters, where the operating temperature of the working fluid ranged from 40 °C to 65 °C and the loading of the hydrogenerator under operating conditions was carried out using the OWATONNA device. In laboratory conditions, the most important static characteristics of a double-toothed HG, built into a test stand unit, where a measuring chain was provided on the designed measuring circuit, were measured and evaluated. In order to determine the functionality and operational reliability of the hydrogenerator, flow parameters were determined in this case and the efficiency of the HG flow was evaluated.
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Abstract: Publication date: 19 June 2025 Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 167 Author(s): Jiri Balla, Beáta Kopiláková The article discusses the principles of operation of loading devices of artillery weapons with a focus on the ramming device as the most important part performing mechanical movement with the round. The attention is focused on hydraulically driven ramming devices, where the possibility of using linear and rotary hydraulic drives is investigated. At the same time, the possibilities of experimental determination of model parameters such as motor damping coefficients, hydraulic resistances, reduced values of compressibility coefficients in the given circuit are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the used flowmeters are shown for their comparison, from which it is possible to derive the velocity of insertion of round parts. The determined parameters are used for modelling the movement of the rammer and the projectile. Experimental procedures can also be used for the diagnosis and technical control of ramming devices according to national defense standards based on STANAG standards and calculation methods when upgrading existing hydraulically driven loading devices.
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Abstract: Publication date: 19 June 2025 Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 167 Author(s): Maroš Eckert, Peter Fabo, Michal Kuba, Peter Jancich In connection with the development of 3D printing and expanding the possibilities of implementing 3D printing outputs in technology and industry, there is a growing need to know the properties of printed products during their mechanical stress depending on their internal structure, temperature, static and cyclic mechanical stress. The subject of the contribution is the development and construction of precise testing equipment for 3D printing products, such as plastics as well as metallic and non-metallic samples up to the level of force acting on samples with a maximum value of 5 kN. The test device is designed as a bench-top laboratory device, consisting of a linear carriage guide for fixing the sample, a helix driven through a planetary gearbox by a hybrid stepper motor with a rotary encoder. The transmission ratio of the gearbox is 1:50, the resolution of the rotary encoder is adjustable up to a value of 50000 steps per one revolution of the motor. The carriages for fixing the sample are printed by 3D printing from a material with the addition of carbon fibers. The device includes a dynamometer with a range of ± 5 kN for accurate measurement of the forces acting on the samples. The device is primarily intended for tensile stressing of samples in a limited range, which is determined by the type and method of holding the sample. It is also possible to implement pressure stressing. Control of the test equipment is realized using a 32-bit microcontroller of the ARM Cortex class of the STM32L476 type series. Control has two basic modes: manual and program controlled. In manual mode, it is possible to control the displacement speed continuously or in steps in both directions by means of the rotary encoder, buttons and display for setting and fixing the tested sample. In the program mode, it is possible to control the test device via the USB interface from the host computer. In addition to controlling the stepper motor, the device also includes an external 24-bit ADC converter for the dynamometer, an interface for connecting 1-wire thermometers, sensing the status of safety limit switches and, in the future, also controlling the temperature chamber. Test procedures and material tests can be programmed and interactively managed using the Python language in the Jupyter-Lab environment, thus automating the implementation of test procedures. The test outputs are data in files and also in generated graphs in the Jupyter environment. Elementary basic calculations related to test procedures are also performed in the Jupyter environment, such as calculation of energy by area integration, Young's modulus, etc. The testing device enables tensile tests to be carried out according to the EN ISO 52 standard.
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Abstract: Publication date: 19 June 2025 Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 167 Author(s): Jakub Kaščak, Marek Kočiško, Martin Pollák, Peter Gabštur As the manufacturing industry rapidly evolves with the emergence of virtual and augmented reality technologies, engineering education must adapt to prepare students for these advancements. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for integrating Virtual reality (VR and Augmented reality (AR) into computer-aided manufacturing curricula at the university level. The framework outlines strategies for incorporating immersive technologies into traditional CAD and CAM coursework, aiming to enhance student’s understanding of complex manufacturing processes and improve their practical skills. By leveraging tools such as Siemens NX VR module and AR platforms, the framework facilitates a more interactive and engaging learning environment, allowing students to visualize, manipulate, and test designs in a virtual space before physical production. The study also discusses the challenges of implementing VR and AR in educational environments, including technical, financial, and pedagogical considerations, and provides solutions to address these issues. The results suggest that integrating VR and AR can significantly enrich the educational experience, equipping students with the skills and knowledge necessary for the future of digital manufacturing.
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