 Subjects -> SCIENCES: COMPREHENSIVE WORKS (Total: 374 journals)
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- Efectos metalingüísticos y metacontextuales
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Authors: Ricardo Mena
Abstract: Some assertions that are not about the meanings of the words used can transmit information about those meanings. In Mena (2022) I offered an explanation of that phenomenon purely in semantic terms. The novelty of that theory consists in including interpretations of language in circumstances of evaluation: the parameters relative to which we evaluate the contents of linguistic expressions. In this paper I argue that assertions of sentences containing indexicals can communicate information about the context of use, even though those sentences are not about contexts. Given this, I offer an extension of my theory of metalinguistic effects to model indexicals in an analogous way. Also, I discuss the many ways in which the theory presented here differs from other two-dimensional semantics.
PubDate: Fri, 17 Feb 2023 06:09:58 GMT
- Kripke’s Gödel case: Descriptive ambiguity and its experimental
interpretation-
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Authors: Chao Ding;Chuang Liu
Abstract: Kripke has taken the Gödel case as a counterexample for reference descriptivism. Machery et al. question the validity of Kripke’s case and had conducted empirical studies to show its inadequacy. Experimental data suggest intuitions on this matter vary both across and within cultures. However, there is a descriptive ambiguity, we argue, in Kripke’s Gödel case, for people associate different types of descriptions with proper names, such as the description of brute facts and the description of social facts. We argue in this paper with experimental data that the descriptive ambiguity exists and affects the actual ratio of Kripkeans in reference. This result flaws Machery et al.’s interpretation on empirical research, but does not challenge their claim on cross-cultural divergence. In fact, there are more East Asian descriptivists than Machery et al. expected.
PubDate: Fri, 17 Feb 2023 06:09:58 GMT
- Conceptual recombination and stimulus-independence in non-human animals
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Authors: Laura Danón
Abstract: Camp (2009) distinguishes two varieties of conceptual recombination. One of them is full-blown or (as I prefer to call it) spontaneous recombination. The other is causal-counterfactual recombination. She suggests that while human animals recombine their concepts in a full-blown way, many non-human animals are capable of conceptual recombination but only of the causal-counterfactual kind. In this paper, I argue that there is conceptual space to draw further sub-distinctions on how various animal species may recombine their concepts. Specifically, I propose to differentiate between: a) narrow causal-counterfactual recombination, b) broad causal- counterfactual recombination, c) lean spontaneous recombination, and d) robust spontaneous recombination. Afterwards, I focus on how these distinctions relate to several previous philosophical ideas on the representational capacities of non-human animals. Finally, I provide several empirical examples suggesting that different animal species display one or another of these four ways of recombining concepts, at least in some contexts.
PubDate: Fri, 17 Feb 2023 06:09:58 GMT
- ¿Dos sistemas de lectura de mentes' Análisis crítico de la teoría
de dos sistemas-
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Authors: Anyerson Stiths Gómez-Tabares
Abstract: Apperly and Butterfill’s (2009) hold that there are two cognitive mind-reading systems. System 1(S1) is fast, automatic and inflexible, whereas system 2 (S2) is reflective, flexible and slow. This paper presents and discusses two central assumptions of this theory: the independence of S1 and S2 and the encapsulation of S1. It is argued that findings on longitudinal trajectories in infancy on the false belief test and visual perspective taking undermine the two-system theory in three respects: (1) S1 is not encapsulated, (2) S1 is not entirely automatic processing, and (3) S2 cognitive processes can be fast and efficient. The paper concludes that mindreading operates through different socio-cognitive processes that are gradually and continuously enriched during development, which eliminates the need for a two-system characterization.
PubDate: Fri, 17 Feb 2023 06:09:58 GMT
- Argumentos ad hominem y epistemología de las virtudes: cómo atacar a la
persona sin cometer una falla lógica o moral en el intento-
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Authors: Ángel Rivera-Novoa
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to offer an explanation of the legitimacy of certain ad hominem arguments by appealing to virtue epistemology. The main thesis is that there are ad hominem arguments that are acceptable if they are conceived as inductive arguments, whose soundness is given by a fair appeal to the interlocutor’s epistemic vices. It is argued that some abusive ad hominem arguments are acceptable if they rest on a fair pointing out of the interlocutor’s lack of agential intellectual virtues. Likewise, some circumstantial ad hominem arguments would be acceptable if they rest on a fair pointing out of the interlocutor’s lack of non-agential intellectual virtues. The paper exposes some problems of other attempts to vindicate ad hominem arguments.
PubDate: Fri, 17 Feb 2023 06:09:58 GMT
- The machine-like repair of aging. Disentangling the key assumptions of the
SENS agenda-
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Authors: Pablo García-Barranquero;Marta Bertolaso
Abstract: The possibility of curing aging is currently generating hopes and concerns among entrepreneurs, experts, and the general public. This article aims to clarify some of the key assumptions of the Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence agenda, one of the most prominent paradigms for rejuvenation. To do this, we present the three fundamental claims of this research program: (1) aging can be repaired; (2) rejuvenation is possible through the reversal of all molecular damage; (3) and the human organism is a sophisticated machine. Secondly, we argue that this agenda fits with a machine conception of the organism (described by Daniel Nicholson); we show that, if aging is understood from this philosophical approach, there is an internal confusion in the research program between what is repair and what is rejuvenation. Finally, we state that this theoretical viewpoint connects with scientific criticism and reinforces the idea that there are limits to the aspirations to live indefinitely young.
PubDate: Fri, 17 Feb 2023 06:09:58 GMT
- Summary - Volume 37/3, September 2022, pp. 271-403
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PubDate: Fri, 17 Feb 2023 06:09:58 GMT
- Contents of Volume 37
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PubDate: Fri, 17 Feb 2023 06:09:58 GMT
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