Authors:Gunawan Gunawan et al. Abstract: Electrochemical degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye with seawater electrolyte using lead and lead oxide (Pb/PbO2) electrodes from waste batteries has been successfully conducted. Characterization of battery waste, the effectiveness of dye degradation, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO) level, reaction mechanism, the effect of time variation (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes), and voltage variation (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 volts) were observed. Characterization showed results by the characteristics of Pb and PbO2 confirmed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) result-ing in 2θ peaks of Pb at 31.36, 36.38, 52.26, 62.36, 65.38º and 2θ (β-PbO2) at 25.4, 32.0, 36.2, 49.1, 52.2, 59.0, 62.5, 66.9º. The electrode had a hollow granular morphology with lead (Pb) and Oxygen (O) composition that matched the standards of scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Electrode effectiveness on dye degradation measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, iodometric titration, and dissolved oxygen (DO) meter showed that dye degradation goes along with increasing NaOCl concentration, DO, elec-trolysis time, and voltage with optimal results obtained at a potential of 5 volts for 60 minutes can degrade MB by 92.68% or about 4.61 mg/L. Atomic absorption analysis confirmed the stability of the electrodes and the release of ions (Pb2+) that were much lower than the safe standard values. Degradation of dyes occurs through demethylation, hydrox-ylation, and ozonation reactions due to electron attack from hypochlorite oxidizer (OCl-), hydroxyl groups (∙OH), and ozone oxygen radicals (O3, ∙O) from the seawater electrolysis process with Pb/PbO2 electrode media against reactive groups and ring binding on MB. These results show the potential of the Pb/PbO2 electrode system from battery waste and seawater as a hypochlorite (OCl-) electrolyte generator to overcome dye waste in water. PubDate: Fri, 10 Nov 2023 23:22:37 PST
Authors:Muhamad Allan Serunting et al. Abstract: Water is a basic human need and has been heavily contaminated. Therefore, it becomes a concern to remove the pollutant and monitor its quality. The removal methods include precipitation, filtration, adsorption, and photodegradation. Meanwhile, the monitoring can be done by measuring and analyzing the contaminant using spectrophotometry and chromatography. Nevertheless, those methods usually need a complicated preparation, and are expensive. Thus, a simple method is necessary to overcome these drawbacks by developing a sensor. In recent years, the sensor performance has been enhanced by using nanomaterials, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs can be synthesized using plant extracts through a green synthesis approach. Extracts of leaves, stems, roots, and fruits from various plants have been successfully used as reducing agents in synthesis process and stabilizing the AgNPs. More importantly, the published articles also reported that the green synthesized nanoparticles can be applied as the sensor component for monitoring various water pollutants (both organic and inorganic). We have critically reviewed the potential of plant extract as a reducing agent of silver ions using different green synthetic methods. The characterizations of silver nanoparticles include the initial characterization (UV-visible spectrophotometry) and the advanced characterizations (FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, and DLS). This review also provides information about applications of AgNPs in sensor for monitoring water pollution. Therefore, this review article delivers a point of view on the silver nanoparticle development in recent decades, and it can be a reference for further study, especially for sensors. PubDate: Fri, 03 Nov 2023 04:52:54 PDT
Authors:M. J. Tuama et al. Abstract: Abstract The dramatic rise in bacterial infections and increased resistance to conventional antibiotics has led to the exploration of biologically derived nanomaterials to counteract bacterial activity. Nanotechnology, which deals with materials at the atomic or molecular level, is a promising way to achieve this goal. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) have shown strong antibacterial effects due to the increased surface-to-volume ratio at the nanoscale. This study focused on the production of ZrO2NPs in an environmentally friendly manner, which included extracts from Zingiber officinale (ginger), where G-ZrO2NPs were produced, and Syzygium aromaticum (clove), which produced S-ZrO2NPs. Various techniques were used, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural examination, while for morphological properties, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) form composition. Differential reflection spectroscopy (DRS) was employed to determine the energy gap of prepared samples. In contrast, the knowledge of the organic chemical bonds and their association with zirconium ions were distinguished by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and the zeta potential was used to identify the surface charge of the nanoparticles. G-ZrO2NPs showed monoclinic and tetragonal phases, with crystallite sizes of approximately 14.28 nm and 16.80 nm, respectively, whereas tetragonal structure was revealed for S-ZrO2NPs with a crystallite size of about 13.69 nm. Spherical nanoparticle morphology with some agglomeration was shown in G-ZrO2NPs. The prepared G-ZrO2NPs and S-ZrO2NPs samples have direct energy gaps of 4.98 eV and 4.84 eV, respectively. Zeta potential measurements indicated -15.3 mV for G-ZrO2NPs and -25.8 mV for S-ZrO2NPs.This research confirms the potential of manufactured and environmentally friendly ZrO2NPs as effective agents against bacterial pathogens. Notably, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria experienced significant effects, with S-ZrO2NPs showing more effective bactericidal activity than G-ZrO2NPs. PubDate: Fri, 03 Nov 2023 04:52:51 PDT
Authors:Haya Fathana et al. Abstract: In this study, a glycidyl methacrylate-grafted cellulose/chitosan (GMA-g-Cell/Chi) film was successfully prepared and characterized. GMA-g-Cell was obtained from the grafting process of cellulose derived from sugarcane bagasse using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The cellulose grafting process was obtained using 20% GMA for 4 hours at 60oC. The percentage of grafting (PG) and grafting efficiency (GE) values for these parameters were 516 and 60.28%, respectively. Chitosan was modified with GMA-g-Cell and has higher adsorption capacity and tensile strength than chitosan. The adsorption kinetics tend to follow the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics model, with Qe and k1 being 7 mg/g and 0.067 g/mg. minute. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) as a consequence was 182.37 mg/g. Thermodynamic data showed that the methylene blue adsorption process occurred physically and spontaneously. PubDate: Thu, 26 Oct 2023 08:12:58 PDT
Authors:Usman Tariq et al. Abstract: The rapid growth and increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in our everyday lives create exciting opportunities for human involvement, data integration, and seamless automation. This fully interconnected ecosystem considerably impacts crucial aspects of our lives, such as transportation, healthcare, energy management, and urban infrastructure. However, alongside the immense benefits, the widespread adoption of IoT also brings a complex web of security threats that can influence society, policy, and infrastructure conditions. IoT devices are particularly vulnerable to security violations, and industrial routines face potentially damaging vulnerabilities. To ensure a trustworthy and robust security framework, it is crucial to tackle the diverse challenges involved. This survey paper aims to aid researchers by categorizing attacks and vulnerabilities based on their targets. It provides a detailed analysis of attack methods and proposes effective countermeasures for each attack category. The paper also highlights case studies of critical IoT applications, showcasing security solutions. In addition to traditional cryptographic approaches, this work explores emerging technologies like Quantum Crypto Physical Unclonable Functions (QC-PUFs) and blockchain, discussing their pros and cons in securing IoT environments. The research identifies and examines attacks, vulnerabilities, and security measures and endeavors to impact the overall understanding of IoT security. The insights and findings presented here will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, guiding the development of resilient security mechanisms to ensure the trustworthy and safe operation of IoT ecosystems. PubDate: Sat, 14 Oct 2023 02:07:28 PDT
Authors:Ahmed Nadhum et al. Abstract: The rapid development of the Internet and network services coupled with the growth of communication infrastructure necessitates the employment of intelligent systems. The complexity of the network is heightened by these systems, as they offer diverse services contingent on traffic type, user needs, and security considerations. In this context, a service function chain offers a toolkit to facilitate the management of intricate network systems. However, various traffic types require dynamic adaptation in the sets of function chains. The problem of optimizing the order of service functions in the chain must be solved using the proposed approach, along with balancing the network load and enhancement of net-work security. In addition, the delay issue must be resolved by selecting an optimal path to establish a connection. The proposed system provides a set of intelligent function chains that can adaptively optimize the network performance while considering dynamic traffic demands using SDNs and Q-learning. The proposed system can significantly improve the overall efficiency, scalability, and adaptability of the network while also providing a better quality of service to end-users. Compared with traditional software-defined networks, the simulation results of the proposed system showed an improvement in throughput of up to 76%, accompanied by a reduction in the level of link congestion. The results also exhibit an improvement of up to 54% compared with state-of-the-art load balancing. In particular, in terms of the FTP performance, our proposed system outperforms existing approaches by up to 20%. PubDate: Sat, 14 Oct 2023 02:07:25 PDT
Authors:Mohammed R. Almasaoodi et al. Abstract: In the past decades, many quantum algorithms have been developed. The main obstacle that prevents the widespread implementation of these algorithms is the small size of the available quantum computer in terms of qubits. Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) holds the promise of handling this issue by delegating computation to quantum remote devices. Here, we introduce a novel Constrained Quantum Genetic Algorithm (CQGA) that selects the optimum extreme (minimum or maximum) value of a constrained goal function (or a vast unsorted database) with very low computational complexity. Since the convergence speed to the optimal solution for the Constrained Classical Genetic Algorithm (CCGA) is highly dependent on the level of quality of the initially selected potential solutions, the CCGA's heuristic initialization stage is replaced by a quantum one. This is achieved by exploiting the strengths of the Constrained Quantum Optimization Algorithm (CQOA) and the BQC. The proposed CQGA is applied as an embedded computational infrastructure for the uplink multi-cell massive MIMO system. The algorithm maximizes the energy efficiency (EE) of the uplink massive MIMO while considering different users target bit rate classes. Simulation results show that the suggested CQGA maximizes energy efficiency through careful computation of the optimal transmit power for each active user using fewer computational steps than the CCGA. We demonstrated that when the overall transmit power set or the overall number of active users increases, the CQGA keeps executing a smaller number of generation steps compared to the CCGA. For instance, if we consider a scenario where the overall number of active users () is set to 18, the CQGA finds the optimal solution with a smaller number of generation steps equal to 6, while the CCGA takes a larger number of generation steps, reaching 65. PubDate: Sat, 14 Oct 2023 02:07:22 PDT
Authors:Apeksha Srivastava et al. Abstract: CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is an exponentially growing tool with wide-spread applications in therapeutics like gene modifications that focus on altering the hereditary material to repair or eliminate any defective gene-causing diseases like cancer, AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), etc. It also includes the identification of the target sequence with the help of sgRNA followed by the substitution of a malfunction-ing gene with a normal version. It offers high efficiency, specificity, and post-gene-editing efficacy, but have also some off-target impressions, and immunogenic effects. The contribution of CRISPR/Cas9 has already been proved primarily in in-vitro studies using animal germ cell lines but translation in in-vivo models is still not much supported due to ethi-cal considerations. The recent advances include studies and clinical trials focusing on the treatment of various diseases of genetic origin. For instance, CRISPR gene knock-in technique was applied for in-vivo Leber Congenital Amaurosis 10 treatment, where CRISPR components were delivered via sub-retinal injection to correct the mutation in CE9290. The current paper recapitulates the capability of CRISPR/Cas9 in in-vivo gene therapy for various disorders like cancer, AIDS, sickle cell disease and the most recent COVID-19. The insights presented herein are poised to contribute signifi-cantly to the advancement of the field, fostering a deeper understanding of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and accelerating its clinical transition. Ultimately, this review paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policy-makers invested in the continued evolution of gene therapy and responsible utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 for human welfare PubDate: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 05:53:08 PDT
Authors:Hassan Tarikhum B. et al. Abstract: Recently, organic photovoltaics (OPV) have emerged as a promising technology for environmentally friendly energy production. Achieving high performance in OPV requires the discovery of novel compounds. This article aims to study the optical, structural, electrochemical, and electrical properties of a P3HT:Y6 blend. The UV-visible spectra of the blend provided insight into how composition affects the optoelectronic properties of OPV devices. The optimised P3HT:Y6 ratio (0.6:1) resulted in the largest redshift and the highest absorption intensity. Raman and X-ray diffraction tests showed low aggregation and low crystallinity of the polymer P3HT as Y6 content increased. In the OPV devices, the best performance was recorded at a 0.6:1 ratio, with an effi-ciency of 2.84%. PubDate: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 05:53:05 PDT
Authors:Lanuyanger Longchar et al. Abstract: Monitoring the physico-chemical attributes of water is essential for determining water quality. The present study explores the effect of various anthropogenic factors on the quality of Dikhu River, Nagaland. Water samples from three sampling stations were compared against three standards: Indian Council of Medical Research, Bureau of Indian Standards, and World Health Organization. Although all parameters were within the permissible limits, the Water Quality Index categorized all sites during the rainy season as "poor quality", highlighting anthropogenic impacts. A principal component analysis created a Minimum Data Set (MDS) explaining 100%, 93.27%, and 96.26% of the total variance for the three sites. The MDS creation will enable sustainable, rapid, and cost-effective monitoring of the Dikhu River. PubDate: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 05:53:02 PDT
Authors:Azha Talal Mohammed Ali et al. Abstract: The rapid expansion of human-software-agent interaction has come with new issues. Accordingly, different engage-ments are necessary to adapt to changing human needs in dynamic socio-technical systems. Generally, cybervandalism is the act of leaving any negative impact on any piece of writing in an attempt to modify it. In Wikipedia, vandalism is any attempt to modify an article in a way that negatively affects the article's quality. Recently, several automatic detec-tion techniques and related features have been developed to address this issue. This work introduces a deep learning model with a new and light architecture to detect vandalism in Wikipedia articles. The proposed model employs a one-dimensional convolutional neural network architecture (1D CNN) that can determine the type of modification in Wikipedia articles based on two main stages: the feature extraction stage and the vandalism detection stage, preceded by the data-resampling step, which is used to address class imbalance issues in the dataset. Features are extracted from edits and their associated metadata, as well as new features (reviewers' trust), and then only the salient features are adopted to make a decision about the article; regular or vandalism can contribute to improving the accuracy of predic-tion. The experiments were conducted on a benchmark dataset, the PAN-WVC-2010 corpus, taken from a vandalism detection competition hosted at the CLEF conference. The proposed system, with the new features added, has achieved an accuracy of 100%. PubDate: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 05:52:59 PDT
Authors:Oktay Aydogdu et al. Abstract: One is prompted to examine an energy-dependent space-time with significant distortion of standard general relativity through a breach of the Lorentz invariance in high-energy quantum gravity. The present study explores how the energy of a test particle influences the energy density of a charged black hole in the framework of rainbow gravity. In this context, the focus is on investigating the dyadosphere of the black hole, where the space-time fabric is influenced by the energy of the test particle. We also employ graphical analysis to visually illustrate the variations in the black hole’s energy density defined within the framework of the quantum gravity perspective. PubDate: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 05:52:56 PDT
Authors:Mudar Ahmed Abdulsattar Abstract: GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids' electronic structures are investigated using density functional theory, including dispersion corrections. Application of GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids as a gas sensor for formaldehyde is also performed and compared with experimental findings. These findings show that the energy gap of these pyramids follows closely with the bulk values. The energy gap increases between the two limits, In2O3 and Ga2O3. Applying GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids as a gas sensor uses transition state theory formalism. Thermodynamic quantities such as activation Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy are needed for temperature-dependent calculations. A comparison of sensor response which is proportional to reaction rate as a function of temperature and formaldehyde concentration, reveals the quality of the theory. Response time and recovery time also show good agreement with the experiment. Formaldehyde burning (flash point and autoignition) in atmospheric oxygen is considered in calculations using a logistic function. PubDate: Thu, 05 Oct 2023 11:12:46 PDT
Authors:Rusnadi Rusnadi et al. Abstract: The contamination of wastewater by Rhodamine B (RhB) poses a significant environmental concern due to its negative impacts on aesthetics, ecosystems, and human well-being. This study successfully synthesized eco-friendly egg-shell-alginate composites (EACs) as adsorbents by combining alginate solution, eggshell powder, and a 2% CaCl2 solu-tion. Characterization techniques including FTIR, SEM, TGA, and SAA were employed to analyze the EACs. FTIR analysis revealed characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to -OH groups, C=O groups, C-O groups, and the pres-ence of CO32-. The structural analysis confirmed the physical mixture of functional groups from eggshells and alginate, resulting in a homogeneous EACs mixture. TGA analysis demonstrated the decomposition of eggshell calcium car-bonate (CaCO3), yielding calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the 700-800°C temperature range. SAA results indicated that EACs exhibited a mesoporous structure (average pore diameter: 20-500 Å) and a higher sur-face area (6.102 m2/g) compared to eggshells. The adsorption capacity of EACs for RhB was investigated by evaluating contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial concentration. Characterization results validated the successful synthesis of EACs with enhanced thermal resistance compared to Ca-alginate. Sorption studies demonstrated the potential of EACs as effective adsorbents for RhB removal from aqueous solutions, following the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 151.51 mg/g. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics exhibited a pseudo-second-order mod-el. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that RhB adsorption onto EACs was exothermic (negative ΔHo) and spontaneous (negative ΔGo). The results underscore the potency of EACs as highly efficient adsorbents for the remediation of RhB-contaminated water bodies. PubDate: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 08:22:44 PDT
Authors:Abdolrasol Barazandeh et al. Abstract: Core-shell nanoparticles were used in a unique direct UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique to detect the S-naproxen enantiomer. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) covered with sodium alginate (Alg) shell, a naturally occurring biopolymer, made the core of the nanostructure. To name a few, TEM, FESEM, UV-Visible, DLS, ZP, AFM, XRD, EDX and FT-IR are among the analytical methods used to analyze the creation of the core-shell structure. Based on obtained results, spherical Ag@ Alg NPs with an average size of 27.4 nm (DTEM), hydrolytic size of 46 nm (DDLS) and surface charge of -60.9 mV were successfully synthesized. The effect of various reaction time and pH values on determining the s-naproxen enantiomer by Ag@ Alg NPs was investigated. Determining the maximum S-naproxen enantiomer was at a reaction time of 8 min and pH 8. According to the international council for the harmonization of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) guidelines, the detection limit and quantitative limit of S-naproxen enantiomer were determined to be 1.87x10-4 mol/L and 5.64 x 10-4 mol /L. This clearly indicates that the alginate-coated silver na-noparticle PubDate: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 08:22:39 PDT
Authors:Eiman Zahid et al. Abstract: Numerous proteins found in humans are poorly understood because there is a dearth of experimental evidence. Hypothetical proteins (HPs) or uncharacterized proteins are the terms used to describe these proteins. In this work, one of these proteins, Q9BRX8, is investigated using in-silico or bioinformatics tools to reveal its significant properties. In this regard, NCBI for the sequence retrieval, ProtParam tool for analysis of physiochemical properties, SOPMA for secondary structure prediction, SWISS-Model for homology modelling, STRING for protein-protein interaction and HDOCK for protein-protein docking analysis among other tools, were incorporated. The physiochemical characteristics indicated that Q9BRX8, which has an instability score of 32.57, is a stable protein. It was identified in other cellular compartments, such as the cytosol, mitochondria, etc., where it may be betrothed in a variety of cellular functions, according to the sub-cellular localization studies. In addition, its secondary structure consists of high percentage of alpha helices (44.10%), among other components. Additionally, it was discovered through protein-protein interactions that this protein belongs to FAM213A family suggesting that it may function as antioxidant and affect bone resorption among other crucial functions. While, molecular docking analysis indicated that Q9BRX8 had a larger degree of similarity with the HLA-G protein, scoring -332.53kcal/mol. It can be hypothesized that the functions of Q9BRX8 and the HLA-G may be associated as a result of this similarity. PubDate: Sat, 09 Sep 2023 11:07:20 PDT
Authors:Benine Chaima et al. Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the chemical profile and evaluate the biological activities of the aqueous extract of H. Scoparia, an endemic plant found in Southeastern Algeria. The aqueous extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, RP-HPLC, and FT-IR analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined using the protein denaturation method, and the photoprotective activity was evaluated using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The study found the presence of various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, tannins, and saponins. This study suggests that H. Scoparia extract has the potential as a natural source of bio-actives for developing drugs. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The study revealed that H. Scoparia extract demonstrated excellent photoprotective activity against UV, and significant biological activities in vitro. PubDate: Sun, 03 Sep 2023 23:07:04 PDT
Authors:Iman Kadhum Abbood et al. Abstract: Wireless Video Sensor Networks (WVSNs) are networks of low-cost, low-power camera sensor nodes. These nodes communicate locally and process information to meet an application's goal. WVSNs are extensively used in diverse monitoring applications, such as security, military, industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring. However, the transmission of large amounts of data collected by video sensor nodes in WVSNs poses challenges in terms of energy consumption, bandwidth usage, and network congestion. Reducing energy for processing and transmitting data in WVSNs is difficult due to the huge amount of sensed data in real-time. To address this issue, this paper proposes an Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme (ODaTReS) for energy conservation in WVSNs. The data reduction by the ODaTReS is based on two phases: the sensing phase and the transmission phase. ODaTReS adapts the frame rate to limit the number of video frames captured during the sensing phase. It does this by using three efficient techniques: ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF), Brute-Force (BF) Matcher, and Grid-based Motion Statistics (GMS). During the transmission phase, we use an adaptive transmission threshold that is responsible for deciding whether to transmit the current captured frame or remove it. Several experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ODaTReS. The proposed ODaTReS outperforms the FRABID method in terms of data reduction and energy consumption. The results reveal that ODaTReS reduced the transmitted data by 80%, compared to 43% for the FRABID method. This reduction in data transmission contributes to a decrease in the total energy consumed, which is reduced to 141.22 joules compared to the FRABID method, which consumes 173.16 joules of energy. PubDate: Tue, 22 Aug 2023 10:42:34 PDT
Authors:Zahraa A. Najm et al. Abstract: This study investigated the treatment of textile wastewater contaminated with Acid Black 210 dye (AB210) using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through adsorption and photocatalytic techniques. ZnO NPs were synthesized using a green synthesis process involving eucalyptus leaves as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX, XRD, BET, Zeta potential, and FTIR techniques. The BET analysis revealed a specific surface area and total pore volume of 26.318 m2/g. SEM images confirmed the crystalline and spherical nature of the particles, with a particle size of 73.4 nm. A photoreactor was designed to facilitate the photo-degradation process. The study investigated the influence of key variables on the adsorption and photocatalytic break-down of AB210. The results indicated that under optimal conditions (AB210 concentration: 5 mg/L, ZnO NPs dosage: 0.75 g/L, pH: 5, and temperature: 45 °C), the removal efficiency after 180 minutes of adsorption was 62%. However, in the case of photo-degradation, complete removal of 5 mg/L AB210 was achieved within 30 minutes at a pH of 7, UV intensity of 24 W/m2, and temperature of 45 °C. The adsorption process exhibited the best fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Various adsorption isotherms, including Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin models, were studied, and the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental data (see Supplementary Materials). Fur-thermore, thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and favorable, with ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° values of -0.782 kJ/mol, 26.93 kJ/mol, and 0.086 kJ.mol/K, respectively. PubDate: Tue, 22 Aug 2023 09:01:59 PDT
Authors:Uday Bagale et al. Abstract: The article discusses about the possibility of comparing the impact of ultrasonic treatment on fucolam and sodium algi-nate. The purpose was to study the effect of micronization on the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucolam, analyzing its dispersed state and accessibility by reducing its molecular weight and increasing antioxidant activity. The optimization of the micronization process was carried out using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method, with a sonication time ranging from 15 to 45 min, power ranging from 50 to 100 W/cm2, and temperature between 30 °C and 40 °C. The fixed lower fucolam concentration was 0.1%. The results illustrated that sonochemical treatment significantly decreased the molecular weight (Mw) of fucolam compared to sodium alginate. Using BBD, the ideal treatment conditions for fu-colam were 31 °C, 62 W/cm2, and 36 min, resulting in a lower molecular weight (180 kDa), particle size (231 nm), and antioxidant activity (AOA) of 81% compared to sodium alginate, which had an Mw of 2046 kDa and an AOA of 43%. Antioxidant activity tests showed a significant increase due to the sonication treatment. The findings suggest that soni-cation treatment may be a valuable strategy to lower fucolam levels with minimal structural damage, as observed in scanning microscope images PubDate: Fri, 18 Aug 2023 07:27:41 PDT
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