Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 2095-5138 - ISSN (Online) 2053-714X Published by Oxford University Press[425 journals]
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First page: nwad278 Abstract: Mantispidae have developed multidimensional specializations of predation that are leveraged by trade-offs involving attack properties, which is revealed by interdisciplinary analyses of phylogeny, morphometrics, and mechanical modeling. The lineage diversification was stimulated by its raptorial foreleg evolution, and was influenced by the ecosystem of corresponding periods, involving biotic and physical factors. PubDate: Thu, 02 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad278 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad268 Abstract: Taking the motion reconstruction of the Cretaceous hell ants as an example, this study shows how to achieve motion reconstruction in fossil invertebrates and discusses potential challenges and opportunities. PubDate: Sat, 14 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad268 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad266 PubDate: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad266 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad265 PubDate: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad265 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad264 PubDate: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad264 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad259 Abstract: National Key Research and Development Program of China10.13039/5011000121662021YFF1200400Shenzhen Bay Laboratory10.13039/501100021177S201101001Griffith University10.13039/501100001791 PubDate: Tue, 03 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad259 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad260 Abstract: ABSTRACTA biological potassium channel is >1000 times more permeable to K+ than to Na+ and exhibits a giant permeation rate of ∼108 ions/s. It is a great challenge to construct artificial potassium channels with such high selectivity and ion conduction rate. Herein, we unveil a long-overlooked structural feature that underpins the ultra-high K+/Na+ selectivity. By carrying out massive molecular dynamics simulation for ion transport through carbonyl-oxygen-modified bi-layer graphene nanopores, we find that the twisted carbonyl rings enable strict potassium selectivity with a dynamic K+/Na+ selectivity ratio of 1295 and a K+ conduction rate of 3.5 × 107 ions/s, approaching those of the biological counterparts. Intriguingly, atomic trajectories of K+ permeation events suggest a dual-ion transport mode, i.e. two like-charged potassium ions are successively captured by the nanopores in the graphene bi-layer and are interconnected by sharing one or two interlayer water molecules. The dual-ion behavior allows rapid release of the exiting potassium ion via a soft knock-on mechanism, which has previously been found only in biological ion channels. As a proof-of-concept utilization of this discovery, we propose a novel way for ionic power generation by mixing KCl and NaCl solutions through the bi-layer graphene nanopores, termed potassium-permselectivity enabled osmotic power generation (PoPee-OPG). Theoretically, the biomimetic device achieves a very high power density of >1000 W/m2 with graphene sheets of <1% porosity. This study provides a blueprint for artificial potassium channels and thus paves the way toward next-generation electric-eel-mimetic ionic power generation. PubDate: Tue, 03 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad260 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad254 Abstract: ABSTRACTLimiting climate change to 1.5°C and achieving net-zero emissions would entail substantial carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere by the mid-century, but how much CDR is needed at country level over time is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of when and how much CDR is required at country level in order to achieve 1.5°C and how much CDR countries can carry out domestically. We allocate global CDR pathways among 170 countries according to 6 equity principles and assess these allocations with respect to countries’ biophysical and geophysical capacity to deploy CDR. Allocating global CDR to countries based on these principles suggests that CDR will, on average, represent ∼4% of nations’ total emissions in 2030, rising to ∼17% in 2040. Moreover, equitable allocations of CDR, in many cases, exceed implied land and carbon storage capacities. We estimate ∼15% of countries (25) would have insufficient land to contribute an equitable share of global CDR, and ∼40% of countries (71) would have insufficient geological storage capacity. Unless more diverse CDR technologies are developed, the mismatch between CDR liabilities and land-based CDR capacities will lead to global demand for six GtCO2 carbon credits from 2020 to 2050. This demonstrates an imperative demand for international carbon trading of CDR. PubDate: Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad254 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad211 PubDate: Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad211 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad252 Abstract: ABSTRACTHigh energy density and high safety are incompatible with each other in a lithium battery, which challenges today's energy storage and power applications. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides (NMCs) have been identified as the primary cathode candidate for powering next-generation electric vehicles and have been extensively studied in the last two decades, leading to the fast growth of their market share, including both polycrystalline and single-crystal NMC cathodes. Single-crystal NMCs appear to be superior to polycrystalline NMCs, especially at low Ni content (≤60%). However, Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes experience even faster capacity decay than polycrystalline NMC cathodes, rendering them unsuitable for practical application. Accordingly, this work will systematically review the attenuation mechanism of single-crystal NMCs and generate fresh insights into valuable research pathways. This perspective will provide a direction for the development of Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes. PubDate: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad252 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad244 Abstract: ABSTRACTAtmospheric deposition of particulate organic nitrogen (ONp) is a significant process in the global nitrogen cycle and may be pivotally important for N-limited ecosystems. However, past models largely overlooked the spatial and chemical inhomogeneity of atmospheric ONp and were thus deficient in assessing global ONp impacts. We constructed a comprehensive global model of atmospheric gaseous and particulate organic nitrogen (ON), including the latest knowledge on emissions and secondary formations. Using this model, we simulated global atmospheric ONp abundances consistent with observations. Our estimated global atmospheric ON deposition was 26 Tg N yr−1, predominantly in the form of ONp (23 Tg N yr−1) and mostly from wildfires (37%), oceans (22%) and aqueous productions (17%). Globally, ONp contributed as much as 40% to 80% of the total N deposition downwind of biomass-burning regions. Atmospheric ONp deposition thus constituted the dominant external N supply to the N-limited boreal forests, tundras and the Arctic Ocean, and its importance may be amplified in a future warming climate. PubDate: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad244 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad246 Abstract: ABSTRACTMei-yu is an important weather phenomenon in the middle-lower Yangtze River valley (YRV) region. This study investigates the changes in the characteristics of Mei-yu under global warming and the potential reasons based on observation and reanalysis data during 1961–2022. Notable increasing long-term trends are detected in the number of days without rainfall (NDWOR), the intensity of rainfall events, and the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the YRV region during the Mei-yu period (15 June–10 July) over past decades. The increasing trend in NDWOR is attributed to decreased relative humidity over land surface and a longer time for the air to be replenished with moisture after rainfall events in a warming climate. The increasing trends in the intensity of rainfall events and frequency/intensity of EPEs are attributed to the strengthened transient water vapor convergence and convection in the atmosphere under global warming. Furthermore, the response of Mei-yu to 2°C of global warming with respect to the pre-industrial climate is analysed using CMIP6 models. The results suggest that the NDWOR, intensity of rainfall events and frequency of EPEs will increase in the YRV region during the Mei-yu period under the 2°C warming scenario, which implies a more challenging climate risk management in the future. Overall, the intensity of rainfall events during the Mei-yu period has the most significant response to climate change in observations and projections. The model results have a relatively large uncertainty. PubDate: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad246 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad236 Abstract: National Key Research and Development Program of China10.13039/5011000121662022YFF0802300National Natural Science Foundation of China10.13039/50110000180931925027China Postdoctoral Science Foundation10.13039/5011000028582020M683039Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province10.13039/5011000034532022A1515011750Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities10.13039/501100012226Sun Yat-sen University10.13039/50110000240222qntd2622 PubDate: Fri, 08 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad236 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad217 Abstract: Over the past 20 years, advances in tokamak physics and technology have prepared the field of magnetic confinement fusion research for the next step toward a steady-state burning plasma. PubDate: Mon, 14 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad217 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad100 Abstract: ABSTRACTHigh-sensitivity detection of the microscopic magnetic field is essential in many fields. Good sensitivity and high spatial resolution are mutually contradictory in measurement, which is quantified by the energy resolution limit. Here we report that a sensitivity of 0.5 nT/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at the nanoscale is achieved experimentally by using nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond with depths of tens of nanometers. The achieved sensitivity is substantially enhanced by integrating with multiple quantum techniques, including real-time-feedback initialization, dynamical decoupling with shaped pulses and repetitive readout via quantum logic. Our magnetic sensors will shed new light on searching new physics beyond the standard model, investigating microscopic magnetic phenomena in condensed matters, and detection of life activities at the sub-cellular scale. PubDate: Thu, 20 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad100 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad079 Abstract: ABSTRACTLunar glasses with different origins act as snapshots of their formation processes, providing a rich archive of the Moon's formation and evolution. Here, we reveal diverse glasses from Chang’E-5 (CE-5) lunar regolith, and clarify their physical origins of liquid quenching, vapor deposition and irradiation damage respectively. The series of quenched glasses, including rotation-featured particles, vesicular agglutinates and adhered melts, record multiple-scale impact events. Abundant micro-impact products, like micron- to nano-scale glass droplets or craters, highlight that the regolith is heavily reworked by frequent micrometeorite bombardment. Distinct from Apollo samples, the indigenous ultra-elongated glass fibers drawn from viscous melts and the widespread ultra-thin deposited amorphous rims without nanophase iron particles both indicate a relatively gentle impact environment at the CE-5 landing site. The clarification of multitype CE-5 glasses also provides a catalogue of diverse lunar glasses, meaning that more of the Moon's mysteries, recorded in glasses, could be deciphered in future. PubDate: Tue, 21 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad079 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
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First page: nwad062 Abstract: ABSTRACTNational Science Review invited Prof. Dongyuan Zhao of Fudan University for an interview focusing on his team's renowned research on functional mesoporous materials and energy-related applications. Prof. Zhao is a professor of chemistry and materials science, and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his PhD in chemistry from Jilin University in 1990. He has since focused his research on the synthesis and structure of porous materials and molecular sieves. His team received a first-tier national science award in 2021 for their contribution to the research and development of mesoscopic materials. They discovered a method of synthesizing mesoporous organic polymers and carbonaceous materials using organic-organic self-assembly. This work was published in 2005 and since then it has turned into a vibrant new field of more than 40 000 publications so far. His team has named more than 20 of their inventions after Fudan University: the FDU mesoporous series. PubDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad062 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
