Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 2095-5138 - ISSN (Online) 2053-714X Published by Oxford University Press[425 journals]
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First page: nwad135 PubDate: Wed, 10 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad135 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad119 Abstract: ABSTRACTPrecursor liquid is a nanoscale liquid creeping ahead of the macroscopic edge of spreading liquids, whose behaviors tightly correlate with the three-phase reaction efficiency and patterning accuracy. However, the important spatial–temporal characteristic of the precursor liquid still remains obscure because its real-time spreading process has not been directly observed. Here, we report that the spreading ionic liquid precursors in a silicon corner can be directly captured on video using in situ scanning electron microscopy. In situ spreading videos show that the precursor liquid spreads linearly over time (${\rm{\Delta }}L\ \sim\ {\rm{\Delta }}T$) rather than obeying the classic Lucas–Washburn law ($l\ \sim\ {t}^{1/2}$) and possesses a characteristic width of ∼250–310 nm. Theoretical analyses and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the unique behaviors of precursor liquids originate from the competing effect of van der Waals force and surface energy. These findings provide avenues for directly observing liquid/solid interfacial phenomena on a microscopic level. PubDate: Fri, 05 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad119 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad086 PubDate: Thu, 30 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad086 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad076 Abstract: Agriculture is responsible for about one third of global greenhouse gas emissions and it is the primary driver of habitat destruction. A paradigm shift embracing changes in lifestyles, agricultural practices, and policies is required to realize a sustainable transition in the agri-food sector. PubDate: Fri, 17 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad076 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad054 Abstract: With the growing recognition of coupled human and natural systems (CHANS), modeling CHANS with two-way feedbacks has become a frontier research area and a critical tool to achieve sustainability. The challenges in CHANS modeling and opportunities to advance its science and application to promote the sustainability of CHANS are discussed in this paper. PubDate: Tue, 07 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad054 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad050 Abstract: Galeaspids are extinct jawless relatives of living jawed vertebrates whose contribution to understanding the evolutionary assembly of the gnathostome bodyplan has been limited by absence of postcranial remains. Here, we describe Foxaspis novemura gen. et sp. nov., based on complete articulated remains from a newly discovered Konservat-Lagerstätte in the Early Devonian (Pragian, ∼410 Ma) of Guangxi, South China. F. novemura had a broad, circular dorso-ventrally compressed headshield, slender trunk and strongly asymmetrical hypochordal tail fin comprised of nine ray-like scale-covered digitations. This tail morphology contrasts with the symmetrical hypochordal tail fin of Tujiaaspis vividus, evidencing disparity in galeaspid postcranial anatomy. Analysis of swimming speed reveals galeaspids as moderately fast swimmers, capable of achieving greater cruising swimming speeds than their more derived jawless and jawed relatives. Our analyses reject the hypothesis of a driven trend towards increasingly active food acquisition which has been invoked to characterize early vertebrate evolution. PubDate: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad050 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad033 Abstract: ABSTRACTFacing the need for transdisciplinary research to promote ecological restoration that achieves both social and ecological benefits, research on past restoration efforts that have directly or indirectly contributed to regional or national sustainable development warrants reassessment. Using China as an example, in this review, we address three basic research questions that can be summarized as follows: ecological restoration—of what, for whom and to what purpose' Accordingly, a ‘landscape pattern—ecosystem service—sustainable development’ co-evolutionary framework is proposed here to describe landscape-scale ecological restoration and its impact on landscape patterns and ecological processes, ecosystem services for human well-being, sustainable livelihoods and socioeconomic development. From the strategic pattern of national ecological security to the pattern of major projects to protect and restore major national ecosystems, the spatial pattern of China's ecological restoration is more geographically integrative. From major function-oriented zoning to systematic ecological protection and restoration, and for the purpose of achieving the Beautiful China Initiative, there are three stages of ecosystem services management: classification, synergy and integration, respectively. The difference in geographic processes should be considered in the key requirements of ecological restoration for China's five national strategies for regional sustainable-development strategies. Deepening understanding of the relationship between humans and nature in different geographical contexts is a scientific prerequisite to support policymaking related to ecological restoration. To promote greater harmony between humans and nature, we propose four important research directions: (i) understanding coupling processes among key components, (ii) identifying ecosystem service flows, (iii) evaluating social-ecological benefits and (iv) supporting adaptive management for regional sustainable development. PubDate: Tue, 21 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad033 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad019 Abstract: ABSTRACTIncreasing and intensifying the use of land represents a prominent sustainability challenge of particular importance in regions undergoing rapid change while at the same time exhibiting large natural and anthropocentrically induced variability. To reconcile the needs for both human prosperity and healthy ecosystems, a more integrated understanding of key biophysical and adaptation processes is paramount in such dynamic and deeply entangled social and environmental contexts. Interdisciplinary research utilizing a network perspective provides a novel methodological and theoretical approach to that end. We review and synthesize recent network-centric studies, and use this network perspective to show how rangeland managers in a dynamic pastoral region in the Qinghai Province of China form social relationships based on geographic proximity, social status and shared grazing areas. The results indicate that adaption to biophysical and socioeconomic changes is partly a social process in that rangeland managers develop their adaptive capacity jointly and in concert with others they trust and with whom they share grazing areas. Avenues for further development of this network perspective, in terms of how it might contribute important new insights about how to sustainably use land in dynamic landscapes undergoing rapid change, are suggested. PubDate: Tue, 17 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad019 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad015 Abstract: Rescuing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development from failing requires prioritizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), understanding the impacts of underachieving SDGs, and building a post-2030 Agenda based on scientific evidence. PubDate: Thu, 12 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad015 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwad003 PubDate: Thu, 05 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad003 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2023)
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First page: nwac282 Abstract: ABSTRACTRelevant to broad applied fields and natural processes, interfacial ionic hydrates have been widely studied by using ultrahigh-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, the complex relationship between the AFM signal and the investigated system makes it difficult to determine the atomic structure of such a complex system from AFM images alone. Using machine learning, we achieved precise identification of the atomic structures of interfacial water/ionic hydrates based on AFM images, including the position of each atom and the orientations of water molecules. Furthermore, it was found that structure prediction of ionic hydrates can be achieved cost-effectively by transfer learning using neural network trained with easily available interfacial water data. Thus, this work provides an efficient and economical methodology that not only opens up avenues to determine atomic structures of more complex systems from AFM images, but may also help to interpret other scientific studies involving sophisticated experimental results. PubDate: Wed, 14 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac282 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2022)
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First page: nwac262 Abstract: ABSTRACTLaboratory search of exotic interactions is crucial for exploring physics beyond the standard model. We report new experimental constraints on two exotic spin-dependent interactions at the micrometer scale based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. A thin layer of NV electronic spin ensembles is synthesized as the solid-state spin quantum sensor, and a lead sphere is taken as the interacting nucleon source. Our result establishes new bounds for two types of exotic spin interactions at the micrometer scale. For an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction, improved bounds are set within the force range from 5 to 500 μm. The upper limit of the corresponding coupling constant $g_A^eg_V^N$ at 330 μm is more than 1000-fold more stringent than the previous constraint. For the P, T-violating scalar-pseudoscalar nucleon-electron interaction, improved constraints are established within the force range from 6 to 45 μm. The limit of the corresponding coupling constant $g_S^Ng_P^e$ is improved by more than one order of magnitude at 30 μm. This work demonstrates that a solid-state NV ensemble can be a powerful platform for probing exotic spin-dependent interactions. PubDate: Thu, 17 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac262 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2022)
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First page: nwac259 Abstract: ABSTRACTHigher-order exceptional points (HOEPs) with extraordinary responsivity are expected to exhibit a vastly improved performance in detection-related applications. However, over the past few years, such an approach has been questioned due to several potential drawbacks, including the stringent parameter requirements, fundamental resolution limits and noise. Here, exploring the consequence of nonlinear gain saturation in exceptional singularities of non-Hermitian systems, we offer a feasible scheme to overcome all the above difficulties. We provide a simple and intuitive example by demonstrating with both theory and circuit experiments an ‘exceptional nexus’ (‘EX’), a HOEP with an ultra-enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), in only two coupled resonators with the aid of nonlinear gain. The tedious parameter tuning in a six-dimensional hyper-dimensional space is reduced to two dimensions. The feedback mechanism of nonlinear saturable gain can give a solution to the ongoing debate on the SNR of EPs in other linear systems. Our findings advance the fundamental understanding of the peculiar topology of nonlinear non-Hermitian systems, significantly reduce the practical difficulty in EP sensing and possibly open new avenues for applications. PubDate: Wed, 16 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac259 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2022)
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First page: nwac255 Abstract: ABSTRACTInspired by the concept of superscattering in optics, we for the first time theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate the superscattering phenomenon in water waves. The subwavelength superscatterer is constructed by multi-layered concentric cylinders with an inhomogeneous depth profile. The superscatterer breaks the long-held single-channel scattering limit by several times and thus significantly enhances the total scattering strength. The underlying mechanism originates from the near degeneracy of the resonances of multiple channels. We fabricate the superscatterer prototype and experimentally measure the near-field patterns, which are consistent with theoretical prediction and numerical simulation. Our study opens a new avenue to strengthen water-wave scattering and deepen the understanding in water waves, which can be useful for ocean energy harvesting and harbor protection. PubDate: Thu, 10 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac255 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 7 (2022)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
