Authors:Nur Shahirah Mohd Aripen, Norhazimah Abdul Halim, Sabrina Saadon, Nur Danisya Akma Jamil Pages: 1 - 6 Abstract: Lake water get contaminate due to the growth of population and modernization which can causing problems. Therefore, it is crucial for wastewater to go through wastewater treatment to improves the quality of water. One of the processes involved is coagulation process. Chemical coagulants may have an adverse effect on the consumer and the environment. The use of natural coagulants can be a secure replacement for chemical coagulants. Hence, this study was conducted to reduce the usage of chemicals in the coagulation process by using natural coagulant of banana peels and soybean hulls. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of natural coagulant for wastewater treatment of lake water. Banana peels and soybean hulls were the main materials in making a plant-based coagulant by drying, grinding, and sieving. Jar test was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of natural coagulant by determining their turbidity and total suspended solids. It was found that banana peels perform effectively at a dosage of 400mg/L with turbidity removal achieved is almost 50%. On the other hand, soybean hulls work effectively at a dosage of 600mg/L with turbidity removal achieved is 54%. Based on the result, it is shown that using banana peels as a natural coagulant has effectively reduced the turbidity and total suspended solids of lake water with the optimum number of dosages of 600mg/L. PubDate: 2023-07-20 Issue No:Vol. 15, No. 1 (2023)
Authors:Dilaeleyana Abu Bakar Sidik, Nur Hanis Hayati Hairom, Aniq Ikhmal Rozman, Mohamad Jauhar Shaqili Johari, Aida Muhammad Pages: 7 - 15 Abstract: Traditional treatment of aerobically palm oil mill effluent (A-POME) is incapable of removing the colour and organic load that does not exceed the discharge standard limit to the stream channel. Green synthesis nanoparticles (NPs) provide a significant potential for substantial performance in the photocatalytic degradation of high-strength wastewater. Therefore, the current project's goal is to investigate the photocatalytic degradation performance of A-POME in the addition of green Zinc Oxide Cymbopogon Citratus (ZnO–CC) NPs in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and colour removal. The outcomes showed that pH 8 and a ZnO-CC NPs loading of 0.3g/L was ideal for the photocatalytic degradation of A-POME with a significant percentage reduction of turbidity (68.03%), colour (48.11%), and COD (75.4%). The equilibrium data revealed a better fit Langmuir-Hinshelwood models with higher R2 and K values of 0.9906 and 0.0225, respectively. Increased ZnO–CC NPs loading in alkaline medium aided in the breakdown of A-POME pollutants by increasing the surface area accessible for UV light adsorption during the photocatalytic process. Thus, the finding from this study can assist the palm oil mill sector in improving A-POME treatment to provide high-quality treated effluent. PubDate: 2023-07-20 Issue No:Vol. 15, No. 1 (2023)
Authors:Muyideen Lawal, Abdulsemiu Olawuyi, Kayode Awomolo, Abdulrasaq Jimoh Pages: 16 - 28 Abstract: This work studies the cost benefits derivable from network reconfiguration and shunt compensation of a Nigerian 33 kV distribution network. The approach adopted requires that the base case power flow analysis of the distribution network was first carried out, after which a shunt capacitor was used for compensation. The introduction of a tie-line in the network and a combination of capacitor and tie-line on same network were also carried out. The costs analysis of compensation and reconfiguration was carried out to understand their financial worthiness. The results obtained showed that the payback period (PP) for the introduction of compensation only, reconfiguration only and combination of compensation and reconfiguration are 1286.89 hr, 328.58 hr and 1043.31 hr, respectively. Though, reconfiguration only gives the least PP, a combination of compensation and reconfiguration has a long time cost benefit. At time above 5147.57 hr, it generates more profit than others. PubDate: 2023-07-20 Issue No:Vol. 15, No. 1 (2023)
Authors:Falade Kazeem Iyanda, Taiwo Omotayo Adebayo Pages: 29 - 42 Abstract: In this paper, we seek to build and apply an exponentially fitted collocation algorithm (EFCA) for the solutions of nth-order Fredholm type integrodifferential equations. For this purpose, an EFCA was formulated and applied to solve four examples from the literature. Numerical experiment was performed and the results were compared with the exact solutions, and some existing methods. From the four examples considered, the results obtained showed that the proposed algorithm is fast, efficient, and reliable. PubDate: 2023-07-20 Issue No:Vol. 15, No. 1 (2023)
Authors:Bilal Sabiu, Abdurrazak Ayobami Bello, Habib Adebisi Abubakar Pages: 43 - 50 Abstract: Non-Newtonian models are used in describing the rheology of drilling fluids. Models, such as Power Law, Bingham Plastic, and the Hershel-Buckley model are used to predict drilling fluid behaviour. Selection of the best rheological model that accurately represents the shear stress-shear rate data is optimal in determining fluid use and predicting realistic rheological behaviour. This research is aimed at studying the best rheology model to fit collected data from sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) based drilling fluid. The assessment utilized a total of ten sets of experimental viscometry data from laboratory-formulated drilling fluid samples A to J with the varying volume of formate sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). Using Equations relating shear rates to shear stress, MATLAB non-linear regression approach was used to determine the best of the three rheological models to fit the experimental. The Root square (R2), Adjusted Root square (Adj R2), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used in determining the goodness of fit and degree of deviation of the experimental data. data. High concentrations of both NaCl and ethylene glycols in the formulation provide a better shear rate shear stress fit. Although the ethylene glycol presence may have account for the improved fit, as Sample E, F and G despite containing high volume of the formate NaCl, the data where not effectively fitted by the models. From the results, the power law model was the least suitable with an R2 value of 0.881-0.956, Adj R2 83-96%, and a poor RSME in the range 2-9. The Herschel-Bulkley model showed an improved fit for the fluids with an R2 0.897-0.973, Adj R2 87- 98%, and a better RSME <3. this model also shows a good shear thinning behaviour from its three parameter consistency (n) index values. The Bingham plastic model best fits the rheology of the drilling fluid data R2 0.93-0.99, Adj R2 93-98%, and RSME of <2. PubDate: 2023-07-20 Issue No:Vol. 15, No. 1 (2023)
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