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- Cutaneous Fibroma in Largescale Mullet, Planiliza Macrolepis (Smith, 1846)
from Rameswaram Island, Southeast India-
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Abstract: Abstract This study was the first to identify a cutaneous fibroma, a type of skin tumor, in a largescale mullet (Planiliza macrolepis). The distinct, irregularly oval, reddish-white, and fleshy tumors, measuring approximately 2.3 cm x 2.5 cm x 1 cm, were located in the dorsal region of the head and were separated from the underlying muscles by fat. Histopathologic analysis revealed irregular tissue with a dense fibrous stroma containing collagenous and reticular fibers and an abundance of rapidly growing, spindle-shaped hyperplastic cells arranged in interwoven bundles. This data advances our knowledge of skin tumors in fish, supporting future research in aquatic pathology, cancer, and environmental pollution.
PubDate: 2024-08-24
- Fusarium Dieback: Scientific Challenges and Priorities to Safeguard Indian
tea Industry-
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Abstract: Abstract Among the various diseases affecting tea production, dieback (Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc) has recently emerged in various tea industries across the country. It is one of the most destructive diseases in northeastern India as well as in West Bengal, responsible for huge crop losses and a simultaneous loss in revenue. The reported causal organism of tea dieback disease needed to be characterized by screening available variants population-wide since the level of virulence and host specificity depends on their genetic background. Estimating genetic diversity and determining the phylogenetic structure of F. solani isolates from tea plants can provide valuable insights into the pathogen, potentially assisting in the long-term management of dieback issues within the Indian tea industry. Moreover, exploiting Indian tea genetic resources related to resistance is the most feasible method to recover production through marker assisted selection breeding programs. Understanding the pathogenic variability and counteracting the disease by selected genotypes will be able check the crop loss substantially.
PubDate: 2024-08-24
- Efficient Blockchain Enabled Checkpoint Approach for Securing Transaction
in Banking Sector-
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Abstract: Abstract Online secure payment systems have gained widespread popularity, even in roadside stores across countries like India, promoting cashless transactions. However, ensuring security remains pivotal during these transactions. Various new approaches are emerging, each with its own set of pros and cons. In order to solve the security and confidentiality concerns of transactions indistributed and multi-agent systems, this research aims to establish acheckpoint model that is enabled by blockchain for secure transactions in the banking sector. Datasets of transactions are randomly generated in Ganache simulation environment. The coding and comparative analyses were carried out in PyCharm tool where Ethereum blockchain sandboxed environment is used for development and testing. The comparative analysis is carried out for the parameter like number of blocks with respect to transaction recovery time, memory usage and responsiveness. The blockchain based hybrid access control consensus algorithm with checkpoint will provide new possibilities for online transactions with more security and scalability than other state of art methods.
PubDate: 2024-08-22
- First Record of Ctenotrypauchen chinensis Steindachner 1867 (Gobiiformes:
Oxudercidae) from the Indian Ocean-
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Abstract: Abstract Deep dwelling oxudercid goby Ctenotrypauchen chinensis Steindachner 1867 documented for the first time from the Indian Ocean. This report is based on the collections of two specimens from Andhra Pradesh, East coast of India. A table on morphometric relationships and detailed images of the Indian C. chinensis is provided. The systematics, distributional record and comparison with other genera of the Trypauchen group for the genus Ctenotrypauchen Steindachner 1867 are discussed in this paper.
PubDate: 2024-08-22
- Cadmium Accumulation, Growth Performance and Antioxidant Properties of
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Abstract: Abstract In the present study, growth performance, antioxidant activities and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in eco-friendly bacterial consortium inoculated Mentha arvensis grown in Cd contaminated soils were evaluated. Eco-friendly bacterial consortium inoculation significantly enhanced growth, biomass and antioxidant efficacy of M. arvensis plants grown in contaminated soil, i.e. wastewater irrigated and Cd-spiked soils over the non-inoculated plants (p < 0.05). Cd accumulation in roots, stems and leaves of M. arvensis inoculated with eco-friendly bacterial consortium decreased significantly as compared to plant without bacterial consortium (p < 0.05) in wastewater irrigated (5.3%, 48.5% and 5.8%, respectively) and Cd spiked (2.2%, 20.9% and 27.1%, respectively) soils. Thus, the present study concludes that application of Cd resistant eco-friendly bacterial consortium in polluted soils could be helpful in improving growth of M. arvensis and preventing entry of Cd in food chain.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- The Better Visualization of the Highest Resistant Induction to Myzus
persicae in Wild crucifer, Rorippa indica-
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Abstract: Abstract Rorippa indica, a wild Crucifer is already reported as resistant host to aphid. This wild crucifer draws an attention for molecular plant-aphid interaction biology to address the resistance mechanism as there is no resistant source in the Brassicaceae family to aphid proliferation. Before addressing the resistance, identification of the highest level of resistance is required. In the present study, identification of the highest resistant reaction to the aphid proliferation is focused from Rorippa indica -Myzus persicae interaction. Moreover, another objective is to identify the parameter for better visualization of the highest resistant reaction to Myzus persicae. Thus, three different aphids’ release like 5, 10 and 20 Myzus persicae were released in each foliage and monitoring the total aphid proliferation, total progeny proliferation, marginal progeny proliferation in 24, 48 and 72 h time point. Three elevated doses of aphid inoculums were explored to test the first hypothesis on whether the progeny production was dependent on an initial aphid density or not. The second hypothesis was on whether the host resistance induction was dependent on an initial aphid density or not. The third hypothesis was formulated on whether there was any differential ‘footprint’ developed in aphid herbivore vascular sap from the highest level of host resistance or not.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Homogeneity in Traditional Knowledge on Plant-Based Ethno-dyes in Reasi
District, Jammu and Kashmir, India-
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Abstract: Abstract Natural dyes, especially from plants like Indigo, Madder, and Heena, have been known to mankind and are used for thousands of years by people. These dyes are nontoxic, hypo-allergic and ecofriendly and thus the best alternative to synthetic dyes. A total of 41 plant species were reported to be used as dye resource by locals of Reasi district in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Survey revealed that various parts of seven plant species are purchased from local market by the locals. All the plants exploited for producing natural dye have been grouped into seven different use categories and quantitatively analyzed for informant consensus factor (ICF). It has been observed that maximum plant species are used by the locals for coloring textiles, but statistical quantification index ‘ICF’ has proved that users have the strong consensus toward imparting colors to skin using plant species.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- On 3D Printing of Functionally Graded Implants Using Two Different
Metallic Powder-Based Alloys-
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Abstract: Abstract For 3D printing of single metallic alloys like Ti-6Al-4 V, Ni-625, 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS), etc. in powder form the use of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is widely reported. This study outlines the 3D printing of two different metallic powder-based alloys (17-4 PH SS and Ni-625) for fabricating functionally graded implants (FGI) by using phelan and dodecahedron as an infill to get meta-structures with tunable properties of Ni-625 between 17 and 4 PH SS layers. The results indicate that the 3D-printed dodecahedron-based meta-structure is recommended for the fabrication of FGI due to a higher corrosion rate (CR) of 0.081 mm2/yr and less Young's modulus (E) 863.86 MPa than phelan having CR 0.023 mm2/yr and E 900 MPa.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- On Secondary Recycling of PVDF for 3D Printing of Functional Sensors:
Mechanical, Flow, Thermal, and Dielectric Properties-
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Abstract: Abstract Virgin polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is widely used in numerous engineering and biomedical applications, hence requiring a scientific recycling solution to achieve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations. However, less has been stated on the effect of secondary (2°) recycling of PVDF to ensure the 3D printing of functional sensors. This study compares virgin and 2° recycled PVDF composite prepared by mechanical reinforcement (by wt.%) of 8% hydroxyapatite (HAp), and 2% chitosan (CS) with a single screw extruder (SSE) for the 3D printing of functional sensors. The 2° recycled PVDF composite was compared with virgin PVDF based on mechanical, flow, thermal, surface characteristics, and dielectric properties. The study outlines that 2° recycled PVDF composite may be used for the 3D printing of functional sensor prototypes with an improvement of Young’s modulus (E) (45%), viscosity (122.6%), and surface roughness (Ra) (6.79%) for the selected composition. However, the modulus of toughness (MOT) was significantly reduced (88.37%). Overall thermal and dielectric properties have shown little variation after 2° recycling.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria
from Medicinally Valuable Mirabilis jalapa L.-
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Abstract: Abstract This study is to isolate and identify the endophytic bacteria from Mirabilis jalapa L. and evaluate the enzyme production by these isolates. Two distinct bacteria were isolated from the tuber referred to as UCMJ1 and UCMJ2. UCMJ1 isolate formed whitish-yellow opaque colonies and were Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria without endospore whereas UCMJ2 isolate formed translucent colonies, and were rod-shaped, Gram-negative, non-endosporic motile bacteria. The sequence obtained after 16S rRNA gene sequencing of both the strains were compared with corresponding sequences of related organisms retrieved from the GenBank database with the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) algorithm for identifying the isolated strains. The isolates UCMJ1 and UCMJ2 were, thus specified as Enterobacter mori and Pseudomonas entomophila respectively. On evaluation for their possible hydrolytic enzyme activity for industrially valuable enzymes including protease, xylanase, cellulase, amylase, and lipase, P. entomophila had shown prominent activity for the enzyme lipase. The present study forms the first report on the isolation of lipase-producing P. entomophila as an endophyte from M. jalapa L. root tuber.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- First Photographic Record of Indian Skimmer (Rynchops Albicollis) From
Uttarakhand, Western Himalayas, India-
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Abstract: Abstract The population of the Indian Skimmer (Rynchops albicollis) has declined sharply due to the habitat distraction by different anthropogenic disturbances, and consequently, this species has recently been categorised as endangered. The article presents the first photographic record about the presence of two individuals of the Indian Skimmer in the Ganga valley in district Haridwar, Uttarakhand, Himalayan foothills during March 2023.Continuous monitoring of the breeding and wintering populations of this endangered species is, therefore, needed in different parts of the Indian subcontinent.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 is Overexpressed in Various Histotypes of
Canine Mammary Tumors-
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Abstract: Abstract Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP-11) belongs to the family of matrix metalloproteinases whose serum level has been reported to be elevated in dogs with mammary tumors. The present investigation focuses on assessing the tissue level expression of MMP-11 in various histotypes of canine mammary tumors (CMT). In this study, 20 CMT tissue paraffin blocks preserved in the laboratory were used. Slides were prepared for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Hyperimmune serum raised against the canine recombinant MMP-11 (rMMP-11) in mice was used to standardize immunohistochemistry to assess expression of MMP-11 protein in various histotypes of CMT. Based on the histopathological examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections, the CMT tissues were classified into complex carcinoma, mixed mammary tumor, papillary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. A strong MMP-11 expression was observed in 75% of the histotypes of CMT under study. The findings suggest that MMP-11 could act as molecular marker for the immunohistochemistry-based diagnosis of mammary tumors in dogs.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Theoretical Prediction for Thermo-Elastic Properties of TiO2 (Rutile
Phase)-
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Abstract: Abstract The equation of state plays a crucial role in calculating the elastic properties of nano TiO2 (Rutile phase). In this study, we used three different equations of state, namely Birch Murnaghan 3rd EOS, modified Lenard Jones EOS, and Vinet–Rydberg EOS to investigate the thermoelastic properties of titanium dioxide under high pressure. The obtained results for pressure calculations at different values of V/V0 are in good agreement with available experimental data, indicating that these EOSs can be used for calculating the thermoelastic properties of nanomaterials as well. In this research, we established the bulk modulus, first pressure derivative of bulk modulus, and the Grüneisen parameter. The theoretically calculated results were compared with the available data, and it was found that the ratio of γ/Ω (where Ω = V/V0), i.e., the variation of Grüneisen parameter with volume compression ratio remains constant for solids.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Extreme Rainfall Analysis for Development of Rainfall Intensity Duration
Frequency Curves for Semiarid Region of Andhra Pradesh in India-
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Abstract: Abstract In semiarid regions, water being the main constraint, the rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves play a significant role in water resources engineering and management. The IDF curves are used to assess the heavy rainfall events, climatic regimes classification, to derive design storms, etc. The objective of the present study is to develop IDF curves for the Ananthapuramu district in semiarid region of southern India. Annual peak rainfall data of 56 years (1966–2021) at Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapuramu, were analyzed for extraction of peak rain-storm intensity value, their corresponding durations and the frequency using Gumbel distribution method. The short-duration rainfall intensity was estimated using empirical reduction method described by the India Meteorological Department. The parameters of the IDF equation and correlation coefficient for different periods were calculated (2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years). The results of the data analysis indicated that rainfall intensity decreased with increase in rainfall duration. Further, a rainfall of any given duration will have larger intensity if its return period is large. The most frequent rainfall durations in the study area are 15, 30, and 45 min, and they were found to account for 22.4%, 28.2%, and 32.4%, respectively, of the total daily rainfall, whereas the percentage of the daily rainfall during 1-, 2-, and 3-h storm events was 34.9%, 44.5%, and 50.9%, respectively. By using these relations, short-duration rainfall can be quickly estimated, saving time, money, and other resources. The IDF curves can be recommended for the prediction of rainfall intensity and frequency of return period for Ananthapuramu district in semiarid region of Andhra Pradesh.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Supplementary manual pollination: a potential technology to enhance the
yield and quality in white fleshed dragon fruit variety-
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Abstract: Abstract In India, during the initial period of dragon fruit introduction, white fleshed variety was planted in large acreage. However, the yield of this variety was very low, since it bears a greater proportion of smaller fruits. The supplementary manual self- and cross-pollinations enhanced fruit size up to 30 (321 g) and 82% (452 g), respectively, compared to natural pollination (247 g). Consequently, an additional yield of 3.0 (33%) and 9.0 tons (100%) per acre can be expected if manual self- and cross-pollinations adopted, respectively, over and above the actual yield of natural pollination (8–10 tons per acre). Hence, supplementary pollination can potentially enhance the yield up to 18 tons per acre, besides improving the fruit quality. The present study findings bring hope to farmers who planted the white dragon fruit variety and improve their livelihood by doubling their income.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Design and Comparison of Low Power Consumption Binary and Quaternary
Multipliers-
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Abstract: Abstract There is a rapid growth in semiconductor technology as the need for digital application systems has increased. Arithmetic operations such as addition and multiplication play a major role in DSP applications. As a result, there is thorough research on various methods to achieve high-speed and low-power DSP applications. In multipliers, the Vedic multiplier is considered as a fast multiplier because of its consistent structure resulting in low power consumption. Array multiplier is implemented with half and full adders. This kind of implementation of the array multiplier needs the previous output to provide the last word output, which leads to an increase in delay. In DSP applications, the key problem corresponds to carry generation delay. To overcome the delay, a carry-lookahead adder is used. In this work, a Vedic multiplier using a carry-lookahead adder is used with quaternary logic in the CMOS process. The width and length of the transistors are defined as 1.7 µm (PMOS), 850 nm (NMOS), and 180 nm for 1.8 V supply in 180 nm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the designed Vedic multiplier enhances the performance when compared with the conventional multiplier.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Comparative Analysis of Resource use Efficiency of Livestock-based Farming
Systems in Saline and Normal Areas of West Bengal-
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Abstract: Abstract Salinity has deleterious effects on both crops and livestock. The present study evaluated the impact of salinity on livestock-based farming systems by comparing the economics in saline and normal areas of West Bengal. The study also identified the factors affecting gross revenue in production function framework using CD function and resource use efficiency of different livestock-based farming systems. This will help the policy makers to frame policies enhancing livelihood in saline areas and help the farmers to adapt the ideal farming system. In saline area, S2 (1.116) and S3 (1.399) had increasing return to sale. In case of S2 farming system, both concentrate and veterinary services and for S3 concentrate, veterinary services and seed were under used and increasing their level to a optional level will raise the gross revenue. In normal areas, N1 (1.4045) farming system showed increasing return to scale and also there is a scope for further use of fodder, veterinary services and fertilizer efficiently. Based on both resource use efficiency and return to scale S2 should be recommended for landless farmers and S3 for land holders in saline areas and N1 farming system should be recommended for the farmers in normal areas.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Deteriorating Environmental Quality with Special Reference to War and Its
Impact on Climate Change-
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Abstract: Abstract Any country may win the war, but the nature not even being a party, is always at looser end. The war ends up with great loss to environment, nature, natural resources and humanity. War-time military operations, mock drill or domestic assignments like insurgencies, riots, violence, etc., have irreversible and paramount impact on concentration of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, NOx etc.), suspended particulate matter, ecological footprint and climate change. With the invention of newer weapons of mass destruction of biological, chemical or mechanical nature, the chances of losing the humanity and life support system from blue planet are more pronounced. The existence of life on mother earth is in great danger speaking loudly to stop the war or war will stop us. Our today’s actions will leave its signature on ecosystem health and life quality in future. Climate change is silently galloping number of species from the planet. Being nonpathogenic, it cannot be treated through vaccination but can easily overcome by adopting eco-friendly life style. World needs solution-oriented, transdisciplinary science-based social movement for improving the planetary health.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Specifics of Formability in Recent Developments of Tailor-Welded Blanks
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Abstract: Abstract This article serves as a compendium to the design engineers proceeding to manufacture geometrically complex functional components having an array of mechanical properties owing to a variety of metallic materials that are welded together. Such dynamic attempts require the knowhow of forming behavior of welded sheet metals, which are carefully explicated based on recent advances. The thickness and/or strength dissimilarity across the welded microstructures give birth to distortion and warpage in the welded sheets. The warpage during the forming operation renders the workpiece useless. The modern approaches to tackling the warpage phenomena like weld line movement and springback are highlighted with emphasis on unification of finite element, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, and analytical methods. This is necessary for the free form forming operations on welded sheets to provide creative edge and flexibility in design.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Histomorphological Alterations in the Liver of Labeo rohita Exposed to
Aflatoxin B1 and Quercetin-Enriched Diets-
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Abstract: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin B1 and quercetin-enriched diets on histomorphological response of the liver, in freshwater fish Labeo rohita for 90 days. The fingerlings were divided into five groups (D1, control diet), AFB1 100 (D2), AFB1 25 QC (D3), AFB1 50 QC (D4), and AFB1 100 QC (D5). The study was carried out in fibre-reinforced plastic pools with three replicates for each group. After 90 days, fish from treatment were randomly caught, anaesthetized, and euthanized. Then, histological sections of the tissues were prepared. Results showed that fish exposed to 100 ppb AFB1 showed cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes, hepatic tissue showing loss of membrane integrity resulting in the cell fusion along with diffused hepatocytes, hyperplasia, blood congestion, and invasion of nuclei in the central vein. However, fish diet supplementation of D3 led to a significant improvement in the histomorphological responses of the liver.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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