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Abstract: At the height of interest in metaphors, Wayne Booth suggested that there would eventually be more students of metaphor than people in the world.1 The spirit of his prediction came true, as scholars in discourse studies and rhetoric, among other areas, have piled attention on metaphors. The number of studies is staggering—with the JSTOR database showing 100,964 results in communication studies and literature since Booth's prescient comment.2 In rhetoric, the focus has been largely on the social functioning of metaphors, not necessarily on deconstructing all the possible meanings.3 Richard Johnson-Sheehan argues that "if rhetoric is primarily about how words are used to achieve particular ends, then a rhetorical view ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-03T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: It is fascinating to consider how, across more than 65 million years, dinosaurs have been walking our dreams and nightmares. Even before the invention of the taxonomic concept of "Dinosauria" in the mid nineteenth century, the fossilized bones of these animals had inspired countless stories and myths wherever they were found.1 Along with the works of fiction and the artful exhibitions of bones in museum halls that multiplied during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,2 the language of science itself firmly cast the image of dinosaurs as hybrid monsters to fear and love, with names such as Megalosaurus and Tyrannosaurus.3 Early on, the idea of dinosaurs emerging from the depths of Earth and time inspired writers ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-03T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: On June 6, 1942, a letter to the editor by British biologist Julian Huxley was published in Nature.1 In the letter, Huxley described his observations of an "exceptionally intelligent and docile" gorilla named Meng three years prior, in 1939, at the Zoological Society at Regent's Park in London. Meng's white-tiled cage was illuminated by a strong, singular source of electrical light. When standing in a certain position, Meng cast a shadow of his body onto the surface of the tile. At the age of one and a half, Meng was seen by Huxley tracing the outline of this shadow with his forefinger three times. He was not observed repeating the behavior during the rest of his short life, and when Huxley attempted to manipulate ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-03T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Nervous Fictions: Literary Form and the Enlightenment Origins of Neuroscience takes up a perennial philosophical question—how do we know'—but asks this in the context of early English scientific practice devoted to studying the brain and its workings. In the rush of early natural philosophy, practitioners such as John Wilks, whom Keiser reads with great insight and sophistication, train their eyes on how scientific observation of the brain can—and cannot—yield insight about the human mind. In other words, Keiser's book takes as its founding circumstance the strange experience of looking at the physical material that makes up a brain—tissue, blood—and the various efforts to make that matter matter as an index of ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-03T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Modernistic Concoctions: Edible Roots of Race Science in American FictionKatherine Keyser's Artificial Color begins with F. Scott Fitzgerald's vision of New York City as a sugar sculpture in The Great Gatsby. It ends with a "pyramid" of groceries—ham, steak, lamb, bacon, sausages, and frankfurters piled on top of "a small crate filled with choice fruits and vegetables"—supplied by the Black Banana King of Boston in Dorothy West's The Living Is Easy (168–69). In each image, abundance teeters on the edge of excess. If White privilege is white sugar—a deracinated extract refined from racialized labor to pure saccharine pleasure—then Black wealth is dead meat—a carnivorous capitalism of patriarchal flesh crushing the ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-03T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This is an unusual book. As you begin reading, you realize it is unlike most academic books. Overall, a deeply pensive collection of pieces—memories of childhood, meditations on various books, movies, and poetry—it is an absorption in all things botanical, and a celebration of childhood, family, culture, and history. Its tone is meditative, snippets of quiet reflections on the botanical. There is no linear flow to this collection. Each piece is a fragment, yet whole on its own, and fascinating in its own right. The author, Sumana Roy, coins the unique methodology as "tree time." She writes, "I began writing this to tree time, recording thoughts as they arrived, events as they occurred, and fighting insomnia and its ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-03T00:00:00-05:00