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Abstract: The origin story of the seminal text-based computer game Colossal Cave Adventure (1976–77, also known as Adventure and ADVENT) is now well documented. Will Crowther, who developed the original version of the game, was a computer programmer in the 1960s and 1970s at Bolt, Beranek, and Newman—a technological research company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that operated as a contractor for DARPA (the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency)—and was one of the key architects of the ARPANET, ancestor of the internet. In early 1976, Crowther completed a game written in FORTRAN IV on a DEC PDP-10 computer that used rudimentary natural language processing, an interactive text in which one could explore a ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-14T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The first clear memory Shevek, the protagonist of Ursula Le Guin’s The Dispossessed, has is of isolation. In a “speaking-and-listening group,” surrounded by children of his age, Shevek says: “Well, I had an idea.”1 He takes a slate and begins to explain Zeno’s Paradox to the group. At least one audience member seems engaged. As Shevek continues to elaborate upon “his” idea, the director of the group interrupts him: “Who told you this idea'”2 He cannot believe that this child has thought of Zeno’s Paradox himself. The director denies Shevek individual creativity, while also accusing Shevek of “egoizing,” of not sharing speech with his colleagues.The conflict between the individual need for solitude and the social ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-14T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Dwelling amidst the darkening waves of the Anthropocene oceans and undergoing collective transformations, coral reefs embody distressing stories about the slow violence of anthropogenic stressors that acutely threaten them. Figuring corals marching unswervingly into a drastic future, these stories epitomize a traumatic oceanic imaginary, as increasingly emphasized by current scientific research in which the status of corals is defined by a progressive decline.1 Science provides ample evidence for the serious problems facing coral colonies, such as sustained thermal stress, ocean acidification, break up of coral-algal symbiosis, marine pollution, tourism industry, climate anomalies, and exposure to herbicides and ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-14T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: A marked increase in plastic deposition in the sedimentary record following the end of World War II has been proposed as a geological proxy for the Great Acceleration.1 Plastics are now observed at all ocean depths.2,3 In 2020, the hadal amphipod Eurythenes plasticus was described and named for the PET-like microplastic found in its gut.4 Jamieson and Onda (2022) describe the presence of long parallel tracks at hadal depths of the Philippine Trench coinciding with the appearance of drifting plastic bags that were observed to erase the tracks (lebensspuren: life traces) of benthic holothurians via bioturbation, significantly altering the micro-topography of the sea floor.5 These tracks were coined müllspuren (bag ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-14T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Paul Roquet’s The Immersive Enclosure: Virtual Reality in Japan begins with a simple question about the cultural politics of virtual reality (VR): “What calls people to hand over almost all their spatial cues about their physical place in the world to a computer'” (2). In the Anglophone world, answers to that question have often been framed through the problematic but enduring tendency to treat the technology as uniquely American, given the head-mounted display’s origins in US military research and the oft-repeated narrative of cyberspace as a virtual frontier. This understanding of VR is ultimately predicated less on the technology itself than on the cultural fantasies of its immersive potential, which mobilize ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-14T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Literary Studies and Well-Being reminds us what real interdisciplinary scholarship can do. While interdisciplinarity usually results in the domination of one discipline by another, this book tries to keep literary studies and healthcare in a mutually illuminating equilibrium. Ronald Schleifer channels his literary curiosity into a project enriched by his many years of teaching medical students and conducting research with healthcare professionals. But his book also presents a theory of the differences between the hard (or nomological) sciences, the social sciences, and the human sciences. As it turns out, the book is more persuasive in theorizing these differences than it is in merging healthcare and literary ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-14T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In The End of the Anthropocene: Ecocriticism, the Universal Ecosystem, and the Astropocene, Michael J. Gormley sheds the limitations of strictly earthbound ecocriticism and looks forward to an era of interplanetary colonization, which he terms “the Astropocene.” Through a series of close readings, Gormley theorizes about how humans might and should interact with novel environments—the moon, Mars, the vacuum of space—and employs ecocriticism in novel ways to interrogate the ethical ramifications of cosmic expansion. The End of the Anthropocene does an admirable job of jarring ecocriticism loose from terrestrial confines and showing its universal value and applicability. In so doing, Gormley carves out new space in ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-14T00:00:00-05:00
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