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Journal of Design Research
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.346  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 15  Hybrid journal * Containing 2  Open Access article(s) in this issue *ISSN (Print) 1748-3050 - ISSN (Online) 1569-1551 Published by Inderscience Publishers  [451 journals]
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- Monolithic vs. polylithic design cultures? Designers' accounts of
professional practices in Sweden and New Zealand-
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Authors: Despina Christoforidou, Gudbjörg Erlingsdóttir, Anders Warell
Pages: 7 - 30
Abstract: This comparative study explores breaches to unveil potential blindspots within the social constructs surrounding design practice in Sweden and New Zealand. In-depth interviews with designers in both countries, revealed similarities and differences. The underlying norms and values suggest that the two countries share a similar value-base in relation to the design profession. Designers from both countries described the niche they occupy in terms of what could be called 'in-betweenness'. There are also subtle differences in how designers relate to their professional roles. While designers in New Zealand identify as bricoleurs, designers in Sweden compare themselves to engineers. Furthermore, Sweden appears to be a somewhat monolithic context compared to New Zealand, which seems more polylithic. The proposed approach enables a deeper understanding of potential blindspots in the design field, and the surrounding social construct. Implementing breaches as a lens can be valuable in questioning established truths, and ultimately instigating change.
Keywords: monolithic design contexts; polylithic design contexts; blindspots; breaches; breachers; in-betweenness; in-betweeners; norms; values; designer accounts; design practice
Citation: J. of Design Research, Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2021) pp. 7 - 30
PubDate: 2022-02-23T23:20:50-05:00
DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2021.121062
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2022)
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- How did you do that? The value of externalising knowledge in graphic
design-
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Authors: Halldór Halldórsson, Åsa Wikberg Nilsson, Anders Warell
Pages: 31 - 45
Abstract: This paper aims to study graphic designers' views on knowledge, considering the challenges faced by the field today. Expressing thoughts about what is needed for a graphic designer to build professional confidence, interview respondents mentioned topics like historical knowledge as well as feedback and presentation skills. To facilitate the navigation of the ever-changing graphic design landscape and to build a solid professional identity, externalising tacit knowledge is a key issue. The study finds that graphic designers mainly talk about their design work when presenting to clients, primarily with the aim of convincing them to accept new proposals. A case can therefore be made for the necessity of developing graphic designers' skills when it comes to explicating design processes with the aim of making it clear to non-designers what it actually is that a graphic designer knows and does, as well as building a stronger theoretical foundation for the profession.
Keywords: graphic design; design knowledge; tacit knowledge; intuition; design rationales; design skills; design methods; digital methods; manual methods; digital vs. manual
Citation: J. of Design Research, Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2021) pp. 31 - 45
PubDate: 2022-02-23T23:20:50-05:00
DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2021.121059
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2022)
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- Between gut feeling and structured reflective process: the Art of
diagnosis-
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Authors: Halldór Halldórsson, Åsa Wikberg Nilsson, Anders Warell
Pages: 46 - 58
Abstract: The problem definition, the diagnosis, is an essential task of any project that required a creative thought process but which often goes as unnoticed and undescribed. Design methodologies are insightful in many ways, but are still conjectural in regard of the diagnosis part of the design process. This is a major concern for design educators who ought to prepare students to act as enlighten design practitioners. To improve the diagnosis process in the design studio, this paper introduces and discusses the potential of the differential diagnosis method. This clinical medicine method relies on a process of elimination for sorting information, challenging forejudgement, and distinguishing specific problem from others that present similar features and issues. We argue that because this method relies on abductive reasoning and requires designers to make prognostic, through testing and prototyping, it can be relevant and efficient to tackle the challenges related to problem setting.
Keywords: problem identification; abductive reasoning; differential diagnosis; intuition; evidence-based design; design education; problematization; problem setting; design thinking; studio experiment
Citation: J. of Design Research, Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2021) pp. 46 - 58
PubDate: 2022-02-23T23:20:50-05:00
DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2021.121060
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2022)
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- Optimal design method for orthopaedic footwear insole customisation based
on anthropometric data and NURBS system-
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Authors: Bahram Ipaki, Parisa Jourabchi Amirkhizi, Armin Heidari
Pages: 59 - 81
Abstract: This study presents and evaluates a new method for footwear insole customised design with a focus on computer-aided and ergonomic design. Prescribing orthopaedic insole is a way to prevent or treat musculoskeletal problems. The conventional design and manufacturing methods do not pay enough attention to the insole's design requirements mentioned in the prescription. Moreover, doctors do not have proper control over the treatment process. Thirty patients were studied, in a pre-design and post-design period at an orthopaedic centre. Results showed that using anthropometric data and the non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) system in footwear insole design improves foot treatment. Also, design accuracy leads to treatment improvement and in NURBS and anthropometric data with increasing design accuracy. It seems the customisation by focusing on anthropometric data and the NURBS system leads to better control and prescription through improved treatment modalities. It also helps doctors and designers to improve the design of the insoles.
Keywords: design method; computer aided design; co-design; customisation; orthopaedic; foot treatment; design for health; biomechanic
Citation: J. of Design Research, Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2021) pp. 59 - 81
PubDate: 2022-02-23T23:20:50-05:00
DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2021.121061
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2022)
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- Design for sustainability on inclusive post-disaster recovery:
gamification techniques for collecting survivors' experiences-
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Authors: Carlota Cubelos, Motoharu Onuki, Miguel Esteban
Pages: 82 - 105
Abstract: This paper introduces a research methodology to collect sensitive data when facing the creation of design for sustainability (DfS) approaches in the context of natural disasters. Through the gamification of interviews, the authors attempt to overcome interview fatigue (IF) symptoms presented by survivors of natural disasters. As a result, the research was able to establish the different necessities and barriers the elderly faced in the aftermath of the 2011 tsunami in Japan. The results indicated: a) the game created an environment where elderly survivors felt comfortable to share their experiences and thoughts; and b) it allowed them to think and discuss together their needs and strengths in order to propose solutions to improve future disaster resilience.
Keywords: sustainable design; social design; interdisciplinarity; design tools; user experience research; case study
Citation: J. of Design Research, Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2021) pp. 82 - 105
PubDate: 2022-02-23T23:20:50-05:00
DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2021.121066
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2022)
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- Using the multi-level perspective for problem articulation, leverage point
identification, and systems storytelling in design-
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Authors: Carlota Cubelos, Motoharu Onuki, Miguel Esteban
Pages: 106 - 132
Abstract: This research uses generative and reflective mapping processes in designerly explorations of the food system and the consumption and waste problem. Mapping was used to aid problem articulation and the identification of leverage points for design by using Geels' (2002) multi-level perspective (MLP) in conjunction with social practice theory (SPT) and design theory (DT). Blending these theories informed the use of canvases to map different aspects of the socio-technical system including the system's dynamics (MLP), people's everyday behaviours (SPT), and cultural aspects (DT). This resulted in modified canvases that can expand how the MLP is considered in design for transitions, an emergent area of design research and practice.
Keywords: MLP; multi-level perspective; design for transitions; problem articulation; mapping
Citation: J. of Design Research, Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2021) pp. 106 - 132
PubDate: 2022-02-23T23:20:50-05:00
DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2021.121065
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2022)
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- Fostering creativity through co-design and making: case studies of
makerspaces in the UK
Open Access Article-
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Authors: Busayawan Lam, Youngok Choi, Xi Chen, Minqing Ni, Sophia De Sousa
Pages: 133 - 154
Abstract: This paper discusses how individual creativity can be fostered through co-design activities and the act of making, especially those taking place in makerspaces. The research: i) explored the relationships between creative development and co-design activities; (ii) investigated types of co-design activities occurring in makerspaces; and (iii) identified good practices employed in makerspaces across the UK. The case study method and PACT Analysis was used to ensure the thoroughness of the investigations. The results showed that co-design and making could help foster individual creativity, as they encourage people to explore new knowledge, ask open-ended questions, plan things in advance, make decisions and defend decisions. Additionally, the research suggested that makerspaces play a key role in creating an inducive environment for people to share ideas, learn from each other and network.
Keywords: co-design; makerspaces; creativity; social values; public engagement
Citation: J. of Design Research, Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2021) pp. 133 - 154
PubDate: 2022-02-23T23:20:50-05:00
DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2021.121056
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2022)
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- A ladder-truss of citizen participation: re-imagining Arnstein's
ladder to bridge between the community and sustainable urban design
outcomes
Open Access Article-
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Authors: Marcus White, Nano Langenheim
Pages: 155 - 183
Abstract: There are well understood urban design approaches that respond to the economic, social, and environmental pillars of sustainable development, but urban design decision-making for sustainable outcomes is complex both technically and, in democratic societies, politically. Urban design decision-making must incorporate citizen participatory processes that, as Sherry Arnstein in her 1969 paper, 'A ladder of citizen participation' points out, are undertaken at varying levels ranging from the tokenistic through to citizen control. In this paper, we explore benefits and challenges of citizen participatory processes illustrated with practical examples from an Australian context and propose improvements that utilise emerging technology. We then outline a new approach that rotates Arnstein's ladder diagram 90° to instead form a ladder-truss of citizen participation. This ladder-truss includes aspects of each rung as a structurally necessary and interwoven component of inclusive participation aimed at bridging between the community and sustainable urban design outcomes.
Keywords: citizen participation; decision-making; e-participation; landscape architecture; urban design; sustainable urban design; sustainability; NIMBYism; climate change
Citation: J. of Design Research, Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2021) pp. 155 - 183
PubDate: 2022-02-23T23:20:50-05:00
DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2021.121067
Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1/2/3 (2022)
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