Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 0143-3369 - ISSN (Online) 1741-5314 Published by Inderscience Publishers[439 journals]
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Authors:Erkutay Tasdemirci, Ertan Alptekin, Murat Hosoz Pages: 1 - 18 Abstract: The use of refrigerants from the hydrofluorocarbon family has been restricted due to their high global warming potential, and the manufacturers have been using R1234yf recently, a refrigerant from the hydrofluoroolefin family, as a substitute for R134a in mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems. In this study, a laboratory MAC system with a variable-capacity compressor was set up, and its comparative energetic and exergetic performance was evaluated for the cases of using R1234yf and R134a by changing the test conditions in a wide range. The results revealed that the system with R1234yf provided on average 13.7% less cooling duty and 12.8% less coefficient of performance based on the total power input relative to the system with R134a. Furthermore, the system with R1234yf destructed on average 18.9% more exergy per unit cooling duty. Excluding the condenser, the components of the R1234yf system destructed more exergy per unit cooling duty than those of the R134a one. Keywords: R1234yf; R134a; exergy; automobile; air conditioning; variable-capacity compressor Citation: International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2022) pp. 1 - 18 PubDate: 2023-02-27T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2022.129169 Issue No:Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2023)
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Authors:Zhilin Jin, Zhenghua Yan, Wanzhong Zhao Pages: 19 - 41 Abstract: Rollovers are a type of fatal traffic accidents for ground vehicles. Most rollover accidents, however, can be avoided through proper driver actions. In order to explore the effect of the driver's actions, the rollover stability of a sport utility vehicle with a driver in the loop is analysed and an anti-roll control strategy is proposed to prevent the vehicle rolling over when drivers cannot take proper emergency measures. To obtain the driver's reaction to vehicle rollover, the linear quadratic regulator method is applied to the driver's decision-making model. The laws of rollover stability and the corresponding influence of the parameters of the driver are illustrated. Then, a rollover prevention strategy using sliding mode control and an electronic hydraulic braking system is put forward to help the driver control the vehicle. Furthermore, numerical simulations are presented for a SUV in tripped and untripped rollover conditions. The results show that experienced and physically fit drivers can manipulate the steering wheel accurately and timely to prevent vehicle rollover under emergency conditions. The proposed control method is helpful to improve roll stability and reduce vehicle rollover. Keywords: rollover stability; driver's reaction to vehicle rollover; anti-roll control; electro hydraulic brake; driver in the loop Citation: International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2022) pp. 19 - 41 PubDate: 2023-02-27T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2022.129162 Issue No:Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2023)
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Authors:Liang Zhu, Shuangfeng Wang, Kai Chen, Zhixin Zeng Pages: 42 - 68 Abstract: The performance of the exhaust heat recovery system (EHRS) is analysed. First, an integrated vehicle model with the cabin heating system is established. A vehicle test is conducted to verify the simulation model and to assess the performance of the original system. Using the simulation model, the interaction between the EHRS, cooling system, cabin heating system and exhaust system is studied. Then the cooling system is improved aiming to reduce the fuel consumption and improve the system performance. The numerical results show that increasing the pump speed ratio can significantly improve the performance of low-temperature heating, and has little effect on fuel consumption. Adjusting the cooling circuit of the EHRS can effectively reduce fuel consumption and improve heating performance. Keywords: integrated vehicle system model; exhaust heat recovery; cooling system; cabin heating system; exhaust system Citation: International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2022) pp. 42 - 68 PubDate: 2023-02-27T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2022.129164 Issue No:Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2023)
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Authors:Zhiying Shan, Wei Wang, Jiangqi Long Pages: 69 - 97 Abstract: At present, more attention has been paid to the performance and lightweight design for passenger car seats. The optimisation design for seat frame is performed in this research. The innovation is that a particular method of lightweight optimisation is proposed according to the characteristics of seat frame. The best thickness-material scheme of the parts that needs to be optimised (opti-parts) is obtained by applying the method of grey relational analysis (GRA), grey entropy measurement, and average strain indices (GRA&GEM(ASI)). Moreover, in order to verify the advantages of GRA&GEM(ASI), a comparison is made among several different techniques. The results show that, not only the gross cost and gross mass of opti-parts are reduced by ¥3.13 (16.68%) and 0.67kg (16.88%), respectively, but also the performance and reliability of seat frame is well guaranteed. The method of GRA&GEM(ASI) proposed makes significant contributions effectively performed in multi-objective optimisation design for passenger car seat frames. Keywords: seat frame of passenger car; multi-objective optimisation; GRA; grey relational analysis Citation: International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2022) pp. 69 - 97 PubDate: 2023-02-27T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2022.129166 Issue No:Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2023)
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Authors:Sergio Guillen, Francis Assadian Pages: 98 - 115 Abstract: Automated control systems are commonly applied to road vehicles to improve certain dynamic behaviour. Active roll control systems are known to significantly improve roll dynamics (Zhu and Ayalew, 2014). Additionally, there are a multitude of actuation mechanisms which can accomplish this, and each with unique benefits (Buma et al 2010; Mohan et al., 2012). Recent developments in the literature show successful control integration strategies, where one or more actuators are coordinated to achieve the same control objective(s). Improvements on dynamics behaviour and safety (distribution of actuator demands) are some of the benefits of integrating standalone control actuators (Assadian and Aneke, 2006; Her et al., 2013). In this paper, the frequency domain, model-based control design method known as Youla parameterisation is applied to road vehicle models equipped with an active anti-roll bar and continuously controlled suspension dampers (CDC). Using this methodology, this paper demonstrates two novel strategies for integrating CDC with active anti-roll bar (AARB) which accomplish steady-state roll angle reference tracking while improving transient roll motion. Keywords: Youla parameterisation; continuous damping control; active roll control Citation: International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2022) pp. 98 - 115 PubDate: 2023-02-27T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2022.129167 Issue No:Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2023)
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Authors:Xiaojian Wu, Bing Zhou, Tingyang Wu, Qianxi Pan Pages: 116 - 141 Abstract: To improve vehicle handling stability, an intervention criterion and a coordinated control method for active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) are proposed. First, the intervention criterion of AFS/DYC stability control based on the working state of lateral tyre force is proposed. Next, a 7-DOF (degree-of-freedom) dynamics model is established, and a method for identifying nonlinear pure lateral force model based on onboard sensors and vehicle handling stability experiment is developed. Then, the mapping relationship between lateral tyre force saturation point and wheel angle is constructed to rapidly judge the working state of lateral tire force. Subsequently, a UKF-based state observer, a hierarchical control algorithm and the yaw moment distribution coefficient are designed for the proposed AFS/DYC control system. Finally, a fishhook test and a step input test are carried out on low adhesion coefficient roads to verify the effectiveness of the proposed AFS/DYC coordinated control method. Keywords: vehicle handling stability control; AFS; active front steering; DYC; direct yaw moment control; intervention criterion; coordinated control; state observation Citation: International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2022) pp. 116 - 141 PubDate: 2023-02-27T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2022.129163 Issue No:Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2023)
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Authors:Sathyanarayanan Nandagopal, Lenin Natesan Chokkalingam Pages: 142 - 195 Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) demand variable speed drives with high starting torque, high power density, and appropriate speed-torque characteristics. Due to this, the EV industry widely considers permanent magnet (PM) motors for traction in powertrains. However, the harmful environmental impacts of the PM open the doors to magnet-less machines such as induction motors, synchronous reluctance motors, switched reluctance motors and flux switching motors as alternatives. Direct-drive in-wheel external rotor motors are an appropriate choice in traction applications to mitigate transmission losses. This paper has thoroughly overviewed the magnet-less machines with in-wheel external rotor topology. The discussions are based on magnetic structure variations, winding topologies, parameter optimisation, control algorithms, and mechanical aspects such as thermal and structural aspects involved in these machines. Further, other applications with external rotor motors are also discussed at the end. Keywords: electric vehicle; external rotor; induction motor; synchronous reluctance motor; switched reluctance motor; flux switching motor; magnetic structure; winding topologies; optimisation algorithm; control algorithms; mechanical aspects Citation: International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2022) pp. 142 - 195 PubDate: 2023-02-27T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2022.129172 Issue No:Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2023)
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Authors:Peilong Shi, Qiang Yu, Xuan Zhao, Pan Liu, Rong Huang Pages: 196 - 219 Abstract: When heavy-duty trucks operate on a long downhill section of expressways, the drum temperature often experiences a sharp rise due to the frequent work of the service braking. Hence, how to operate the brake pedal to avoid heat fading becomes an important issue. To resolve this problem, service braking control strategy based on the genetic algorithm is proposed. It is found that the pedal force and the speed range have a significant effect on the temperature rise, the braking frequency, and the cumulative working time. Therefore, jointly considering the constancy of braking efficiency, the driver fatigue degree and driving safety, a novel control strategy is proposed to optimise the brake pedal force, the desired speed range and the average speed of the heavy-duty truck. The results reveal that the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce the temperature rise, the frequency of brake and the driving intensity for driver. Keywords: heavy-duty truck; braking control; driving safety; multi-objective optimisation method; genetic algorithm; brake temperature; frequency of brake application; driving intensity Citation: International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2022) pp. 196 - 219 PubDate: 2023-02-27T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2022.129161 Issue No:Vol. 90, No. 1/2/3/4 (2023)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
[439 journals]
