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Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1110-9165 - ISSN (Online) 2356-9387
Published by Medknow Publishers

[444 journals]

Non-ionizing radiations and their biochemical and biomedical impacts: A
review
- Authors: Yogendra K Lahir
  Pages: 53 - 66
  Abstract: Yogendra K Lahir
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):53-66
  Human beings and animals are exposed to non-ionizing radiations. These radiations are essential for current mode of communication in life. These improve biochemical, biomolecular, and biomedical investigations in combination with computers and electronic gadgets. Such gadgets are in use in almost every field of life. The photon energy of the non-ionizing radiations cannot either ionize an atom or a molecule, this photon energy excites electron, in the interacting molecules or atoms resting energy level to the next higher energy state. This behavior induces degree of reactivity but not the strong conformational changes in these atoms or molecules. These radiations cause thermal effect on the body tissues; as a result, body temperature may increase. The effect of non-ionizing radiations on biosystems is in accordance with the dose, duration, and the strength. The impact of non-ionizing radiation also depends on cell type, nature, physicochemical features, depth in biosystem, and density of the unicellular biosystems. There exists lacuna in understanding the mechanisms involved. There is a relationship between sound decibel and frequencies of the varied forms of non-ionizing radiations and their reception. Biosystems have cognitive tendency to sustain unfavorable circumstances as these are endowed with ability to repair the damage or cope with the induced stress. The biosystems counteract ill impacts of non-ionizing radiations. In this review, the impacts of non-ionizing radiations on biological entities have been reviewed.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):53-66
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_17_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
Human papilloma virus and tobacco-associated modulation of NOTCH1 pathway
during development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical
importance
- Authors: Debalina Mukhopadhyay, Balarko Chakraborty, Shreya Sarkar, Neyaz Alam, Chinmay Kumar Panda
  Pages: 67 - 75
  Abstract: Debalina Mukhopadhyay, Balarko Chakraborty, Shreya Sarkar, Neyaz Alam, Chinmay Kumar Panda
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):67-75
  Background: Modulation of NOTCH1 pathway during development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was evaluated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and/or tobacco habit to define the molecular mechanism of transformation of normal oral epithelium into neoplastic tissue. Materials and Methods: Comprehensive messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profile of NOTCH1 pathway genes (NOTCH1, JAG1/2, HES1, HEY1, and FBXW7) in HNSCC samples was mined from five different datasets followed by validation at genetic/expression level (RNA/protein). Results: Differential expression pattern of the NOTCH1 pathway genes was seen in different datasets. In our HNSCC samples, high mRNA expression of NOTCH1, JAG1/2, HES1, HEY1 was seen with a significant increase particularly in NOTCH1 and HES1 expression in HPV+ ve (H+) samples. However, no such change in mRNA expression of FBXW7 was noted. In immunohistochemical analysis, high/medium expressions of activated NOTCH1 (NICD)/FBXW7/HES1 proteins were seen in basal/parabasal layers of adjacent normal oral epithelium than in the spinous layers with prevalent expression in H+ samples, followed by increased expression with the progression of the disease. A similar trend was seen in the H+ and/or tobacco+ve (T+) samples, except H-T- group. Infrequent copy number variation was seen in NOTCH1/JAG1/JAG2 loci in HNSCC samples. High/medium expression of NICD/HES1 protein showed overall poor patient outcome, though patients under H+ T– group showed better survival. Conclusion: Our data showed that activated NOTCH1 pathway in basal/parabasal layers of the oral epithelium was gradually aggravated during the development of HNSCC with a distinct association with HPV infection and tobacco habit.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):67-75
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_28_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
Radiation tolerance in geriatric patients: A retrospective observational
study
- Authors: Neerudu Pragnahitha, Arpitha S Rao
  Pages: 76 - 80
  Abstract: Neerudu Pragnahitha, Arpitha S Rao
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):76-80
  Aim: This retrospective study in geriatric patients was done to analyze the toxicity profile and their tolerance to radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 222 patients from January 2019 to May 2022 with histopathologically proven carcinoma, who underwent radiotherapy (RT) on linear accelerator 6MV machine were included in the study with different techniques. We have searched patient's RT details in the records division of our institute and observations were noted down. Patients who received 50–70 Gy/30–35 fractions in radical or adjuvant setting were included. Results: Two hundred and twenty-two patients with age >65 years were included in the study of which 84% received curative treatment and 16% patients received adjuvant treatment. Ten (4.5%) patients were diagnosed the cases of brain tumors and the observed toxicities were three (30%) patients developed headache, rest of the patients experienced symptoms such as dizziness, one (10%) patient had quadriplegia, and one (10%) patient had mild cognitive disturbance. In head-and-neck cancers, 55 (24.7%) patients had Grade I mucositis and oral pain, 25% had Grade II mucositis, and 36% suffered Grade II oral pain. One patient had Grade IV oral mucositis and pain. Forty-one percent patients experienced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity out of which 40% of anorectal patients had Grade I/II toxicities. Seven patients experiencing abdominal pain out of which three patients were diagnosed cases of anorectum and the rest were cervical cancer patients. Dysuria was reported in all the 11 patients of prostatic cancer and 9 bladder carcinoma patients. One patient had Grade III dysuria. Vaginal dryness Grade I was reported in five patients of endometrial carcinoma. 19% reported continuation of vaginal hemorrhage, 33% had Grade II vaginal discharge, and one patient had Grade III vaginal discharge associated with foul smell. Forty-one percent patients experienced GI toxicity out of which 40% of anorectal patients had grade–I/II toxicities, despite toxicity patients completed the treatment. Rest 60% of patients were cervical cancer patients, and in these patients, two cases of cervical carcinoma with vulva developed moist desquamation of localized skin. 27 patients with breast cancer, 44% of whom experienced low grade breast pain and ipsilateral arm pain after surgery. Conclusions: Our study shows that severity of toxicity is not directly proportional to age and the decision of radiation therapy in elderly cancer patients should not be limited to or compromised in a curative setting. The performance status as well as the extent and severity of comorbidity should be considered. The optimal risk benefit ratio should be assessed and discussed in detail with the family before decision.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):76-80
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_92_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
Chordoma: Retrospective analysis of patients treated with radiotherapy at
a single institution
- Authors: Maitrik Mehta, Monik Patel, Ankita Parikh, U Suryanarayan, Jayesh Singh, Arun Thimmarayappa, Aakash Pandya
  Pages: 81 - 85
  Abstract: Maitrik Mehta, Monik Patel, Ankita Parikh, U Suryanarayan, Jayesh Singh, Arun Thimmarayappa, Aakash Pandya
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):81-85
  Introduction: Chordoma is a low-grade notochordal tumor of the skull base, mobile spine, and sacrum, which is locally invasive and tends to present late in the disease course and confers a poor prognosis. They usually recur locally and surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is often given postoperatively to reduce local recurrence. The purpose of this study is to assess RT treatment given at our center for chordoma patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 25 patients with chordoma treated with RT between 2013 and 2020 at a single institution were reviewed. Eleven patients had sacrococcygeal tumors, three had clival tumors, two had lumbar, one had sphenoid tumors, one had nasal cavity tumors, two had cervical spine tumors, and two had sellar/suprasellar tumors. Out of 25 patients, 19 patients underwent surgical excision (partial/complete) and in 6 patients only a biopsy was done. Two patients underwent recurrent surgical excision. All patients received RT either postoperative or in recurrent settings or after biopsy only. The median RT dose was 30 Grey (Gy) (range, 16–60 Gy). Results: On analysis, seven patients were lost to follow-up. Three patients were on follow-up till 56, 53, and 41 months and were included in a 4-year survival analysis. Eighteen patients follow-up were available. Out of 18 patients, 8 patients had died and 10 patients were alive. With the median follow-up of 37.5 months, the 4-year overall survival rate was 61.9% in 21 patients. With the median follow-up of 39 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 55.6% in 18 patients. Conclusions: RT in the postoperative setup may improve the overall survival in chordoma patients. Further detailed analysis is necessary for RT dose and/or higher techniques need to be used for local control of the disease.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):81-85
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_18_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
A hospital-based study on the distribution of ovarian tumors in the tribal
and nontribal population of Ranchi, Jharkhand
- Authors: Bratati Moitra, Neelam Nalini, Shivani Gupta, Bijeta Singh
  Pages: 86 - 90
  Abstract: Bratati Moitra, Neelam Nalini, Shivani Gupta, Bijeta Singh
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):86-90
  Objectives: This study aimed to determine the types and management of ovarian tumors in tribal and nontribal population of Jharkhand. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology for duration of 24 months from December 2019 till November 2021. The study included the data (age and clinical symptoms) of patients of ovarian tumors who attended the Gynecology Outpatient Department and were managed with surgery or neoadjuvant therapy. The diagnosis was confirmed through radiology investigations, tumor markers, and histopathology. Histopathological reports of samples sent to the Department of Pathology were included. Results: A total of 150 patients with ovarian tumors were included, among which 63 (42%) were tribal. As compared to nontribals, tribals had comparable mean age (39.05 ± 12.18 vs. 36.55 ± 11.77, P = 0.469), comparable parity, and socioeconomic status. The most common complaints were pain in lower abdomen (80%), lump in lower abdomen (34%), and abdominal distension (18%). Epithelial tumors constituted the majority of tumors, and histopathological types included mucinous adenocarcinoma (26%), dermoid cyst (16%), serous cystadenoma (10%), and simple ovarian cyst (10%). Distribution of histopathological type of tumor was comparable between nontribal and tribal (P = 0.478). Seventy-four percent of the patients were managed operatively, which included unilateral ovarian mass/cyst removal, ovarian mass removal, total abdominal hysterectomy, and opposite side salpingo-oophorectomy, whereas 26% of the patients were managed conservatively with chemotherapy. There was no mortality, and the overall outcomes were comparable between nontribals and tribals (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, histopathological type, management, and outcomes were similar among tribal and nontribal patients with ovarian tumors.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):86-90
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_26_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
COVID-19 and radiotherapy: The ordeal faced by patients and staff during
the pandemic in the 1st year
- Authors: Gonca Hanedan Uslu, Eda Kucuktulu, Sema Yilmaz Rakici
  Pages: 91 - 96
  Abstract: Gonca Hanedan Uslu, Eda Kucuktulu, Sema Yilmaz Rakici
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):91-96
  Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also had a profound impact on cancer treatment delivery and organization. Oncology clinics have developed a number of procedures and used formulas related to radiotherapy doses to continue their activities. Aims and Objectives: We explored the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemy on the personnel and cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy in a radiotherapy department during the first year. Materials and Methods: 845 patients were treated over the course of a year, 195 of whom consented to participate in the study. The Elekta Mozoiq system and radiotherapy cards were evaluated, and the time intervals between the treatments during the radiotherapy were recorded. Biologically Effective Dose losses were calculated in the radiotherapy dose due to the interruption to treatment, and necessary calculations were made for the delivery of the initially planned dose. Results: The mean age of the patients was 59 years (range 19-78). There were 110 male (56.4%) and 85 female (43.5%) participants. The treatment of 4.6% (9 patients) of the patients was discontinued because of SARS-CoV-2 infection during radiotherapy. The greatest added fraction for a patient with prostate cancer was three while the lowest was one for a patient with lung cancer, based on the TDF calculation. During this period, 16% of the staff was infected with COVID-19. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemy on patients and personnel in a radiotherapy clinic, and its management during one year.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):91-96
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_14_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
5-Fluorouracil related encephalopathy and status epilepticus: A case
report
- Authors: Aed Abdelqader Mari Banibakr, Muhammad Imran, Rami Abu-Omr, Tahira Siddiqui, Mansour Al-Moundhri
  Pages: 97 - 100
  Abstract: Aed Abdelqader Mari Banibakr, Muhammad Imran, Rami Abu-Omr, Tahira Siddiqui, Mansour Al-Moundhri
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):97-100
  5-Fluoroacil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of different cancer in adjuvant and metastatic settings. The common side effects related to 5-FU are gastrointestinal toxicity including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomatitis as well as myelosuppression, hand-and-foot syndrome, and coronary vasospasm. In the medical literature, only rare cases of 5-FU-related encephalopathy are reported. We report a 51-year-old male patient with gastric adenocarcinoma who developed acute neurotoxicity and recurrent seizures after he underwent the first session of 5-FU chemotherapy treatment. Neurotoxicity is an important complication due to 5-FU and should not be overlooked when the patient is being treated with this chemotherapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other drugs. It runs an unpredictable course and may result in significant morbidity and mortality. The supportive and symptomatic management should be considered to avoid complications related to neurological side effects.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):97-100
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_84_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
Unusual solitary rectal relapse of mantle cell lymphoma after second
remission
- Authors: Anthialisha Nongkynrih, Vikas Jagtap, Sumit Kumar, Navin Nayan, Biswajit Dey, Vandana Raphael
  Pages: 101 - 103
  Abstract: Anthialisha Nongkynrih, Vikas Jagtap, Sumit Kumar, Navin Nayan, Biswajit Dey, Vandana Raphael
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):101-103
  Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare type of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) comprising only 3%–6% of all NHL. It is aggressive and prone to relapse. Around 15%–30% of the patients present with gastrointestinal tract involvement. Solitary rectal mantle cell lymphoma is rare and there are very few reports of the same. Till date, there is no report of a solitary rectal relapse of mantle cell lymphoma occurring after second remission. We report a relapse of solitary rectal mantle cell lymphoma presenting with rectal bleeding after second remission in primary gastric mantle cell lymphoma.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):101-103
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_12_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for the primary site in a patient with
nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Authors: Atsuto Katano
  Pages: 104 - 106
  Abstract: Atsuto Katano
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):104-106
  There is accumulating evidence regarding the efficacy and feasibility of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for localized prostate cancer. We report a case of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) that was treated with SABR applied to the prostate. A Japanese 83-year-old man was referred to our hospital for a consultation regarding treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 13.5 ng/mL. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed locally advanced cancer with seminal vesicle invasion. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and bone scintigraphy showed neither nodal nor distant metastases. Consequently, he was diagnosed with nmCRPC. While receiving leuprolide in our hospital, his serum PSA level continued to increase to 16.6 ng/mL. He agreed to undergo SABR, which consisted of 5 fractions, 8 Gy per fraction, delivered every other day excluding weekends, to a total dose of 40 Gy. Six months after initiating SABR, the PSA level decreased to 0.79 ng/mL. Our report suggests that SABR contributes to the suppression of disease progression in patients with nmCRPC. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical benefit of SABR as a local therapy for nmCRPC.
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):104-106
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_13_22
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)
Major recommendations from the 5th Asian congress of radiation research
for basic and applied radiobiology research
- Authors: Amit Kumar, Badri N Pandey, Kaushala Prasad Mishra
  Pages: 107 - 109
  Abstract: Amit Kumar, Badri N Pandey, Kaushala Prasad Mishra
  Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):107-109
  
  Citation: Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 2023 14(2):107-109
  PubDate: Wed,28 Jun 2023
  DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_26_23
  Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 2 (2023)