Authors:Franzoni; Leandro Tolfo, Monteiro, Elren Passos, Oliveira, Henrique Bianchi, da Rosa, Rodrigo Gomes, Costa, Rochelle Rocha, Rieder, Carlos, Martinez, Flávia Gomes, Peyré-Tartaruga, Leonardo Alexandre Abstract: Aerobic training has a neuroprotective effect in people with Parkinson’s disease. Recent evidence indicates that Nordic walking seems a promising alternative due to positive outcomes in functional mobility. However, the effects of Nordic walking compared to free walking on static and functional balance parameters are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nine weeks of Nordic and free walking training on static and functional balance. The sample size was 33 individuals with eight dropouts, leaving 25 individuals in the final sample (Nordic Walking, n=14, Free Walking, n=11). The participants underwent two evaluations in the present randomized clinical trial, pre- and post-training, to determine average velocity and root-mean-square values from center of pressure with eyes open and eyes closed. The functional balance showed approximately 5% improvement for the two groups (p=0.04). The results indicate that nine weeks of Nordic and free walking training were enough to induce improvements in the proprioceptive system and functional balance. Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2018; 02: E28-E34 PubDate: 2018-01-08T00:00:00+0100 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124757 Issue No:Vol. 02, No. 01 (2018)
Authors:Bjugstad; Kimberly B., Gutowski, Paul, Pekarek, Jennifer, Bourg, Pamela, Mains, Charles W., Bar-Or, David Abstract: Despite the unique opportunity race car driving provides to study exercise in extreme conditions, the sport of racing is under-represented. A better understanding of how racing changes physiological measures combined with driver demographics may help reduce driver risks and expand the field of driver science. This study charted the changes in heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, static oxidation reduction potential (sORP), and antioxidant capacity in drivers before and after racing (n=23). The interaction between racing and driver characteristics on physiological variables were evaluated. Heart rate, body temperature, and sORP were elevated after racing (P0.05). Elevated post-race sORP values were associated with higher pre-race systolic blood pressure and lower antioxidant capacity (P Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2017; 1: E212-E219 PubDate: 2017-11-09T00:00:00+0100 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119065 Issue No:Vol. 1, No. 06 (2017)
Authors:Khushhal; Alaa, Nichols, Simon, Evans, Will, Gleadall-Siddall, Damien O., Page, Richard, O'Doherty, Alasdair F., Carroll, Sean, Ingle, Lee, Abt, Grant Abstract: We examined the validity and reliability of the Apple Watch heart rate sensor during and in recovery from exercise. Twenty-one males completed treadmill exercise while wearing two Apple Watches (left and right wrists) and a Polar S810i monitor (criterion). Exercise involved 5-min bouts of walking, jogging, and running at speeds of 4 km.h−1, 7 km.h−1, and 10 km.h−1, followed by 11 min of rest between bouts. At all exercise intensities the mean bias was trivial. There were very good correlations with the criterion during walking (L: r=0.97; R: r=0.97), but good (L: r=0.93; R: r=0.92) and poor/good (L: r=0.81; R: r=0.86) correlations during jogging and running. Standardised typical error of the estimate was small, moderate, and moderate to large. There were good correlations following walking, but poor correlations following jogging and running. The percentage of heart rates recorded reduced with increasing intensity but increased over time. Intra-device standardised typical errors decreased with intensity. Inter-device standardised typical errors were small to moderate with very good to nearly perfect intraclass correlations. The Apple Watch heart rate sensor has very good validity during walking but validity decreases with increasing intensity. Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2017; 1: E206-E211 PubDate: 2017-10-18T00:00:00+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-120195 Issue No:Vol. 1, No. 06 (2017)
Authors:Fahlman; Mariane M., Engels, Hermann J., Hall, Heather Abstract: We examined the changes in salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and the incidence of upper respiratory syndrome (URS) throughout a college cross-country season as well as the acute effect of a VO2max test on SIgA. Subjects were 22 cross country athletes (XC) (20.7±0.3 years) and 23 matched controls (C) (20.4±0.2 years). Saliva samples were collected pre and post VO2max and at four training time points (August – November). Weekly logs indicating S&S of URS from which a total symptom score (TSS) was calculated were collected. There was a significant decrease in SIgA F(1,43)=10.742, p Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2017; 1: E188-E194 PubDate: 2017-10-09T00:00:00+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119090 Issue No:Vol. 1, No. 06 (2017)
Authors:Scantlebury; Sean, Till, Kevin, Atkinson, Greg, Sawczuk, Tom, Jones, Ben Abstract: The monitoring of training load is important to ensure athletes are adapting optimally to a training stimulus. Before quantification of training load can take place, coaches must be confident that the tools available are accurate. We aimed to quantify the within-participant correlation between the session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and summated heart rate zone (sHRz) methods of monitoring internal training load. Training load (s-RPE and heart rate) data were collected for rugby, soccer and field hockey field-based training sessions over a 14-week in-season period. A total of 397 sessions were monitored (rugby n=170, soccer n=114 and field hockey n=113). Within-subject correlations between s-RPE and sHRz were quantified for each sport using a general linear model. Large correlations between s-RPE and the sHRz method were found for rugby (r=0.68; 95% CI 0.59–0.75) and field hockey (r=0.60; 95% CI 0.47–0.71) with a very large correlation found for soccer (r=0.72; 95% CI 0.62–0.80). No significant differences were found between the correlations for each sport. The very large and large correlations found between s-RPE and the sHRz methods support the use of s-RPE in quantifying internal training load in youth sport. Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2017; 1: E195-E199 PubDate: 2017-09-29T00:00:00+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-118650 Issue No:Vol. 1, No. 06 (2017)
Authors:Strümper; Rudolf Abstract: Routine use of biological therapies is in its early stages. Techniques involve stem cells, platelet preparations, recombinant growth factors and autologous conditioned serum, often combined with surgery. The objective of this case analysis was to document effects of intra-articular autologous conditioned serum injections in outpatients with knee pain associated with meniscal defects. Autologous conditioned serum was prepared from patients’ blood by centrifugal separation from cellular components using a specialized device (EOT®II, Orthokine). Outpatients (n=47) with heterogeneous knee meniscus lesions (76.6% traumatic knee injury) were injected once weekly (average 5.2 applications). Average age was 48.6 years (range 21–79). Oxford Knee Score and structural changes with the MRI Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score were documented at baseline and 6 months. All analyses were performed retrospectively.In 83% patients, surgery was avoided during the 6-month observation period. Oxford Knee Score improved significantly from 29.1–44.3 (p Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2017; 1: E200-E205 PubDate: 2017-09-29T00:00:00+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-118625 Issue No:Vol. 1, No. 06 (2017)
Authors:Valstad; Sverre Andre, von Heimburg, Erna, Welde, Boye, van den Tillaar, Roland Abstract: This study compared the effects of long (4×4 min) and short intervals (4×8×20 s) of high-intensity interval exercise bouts (HIIT) on running performance, physiological and perceptual responses, and excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Twelve healthy college students (8 men, 4 women; mean age=22±2 years) performed long (90–95% of peak heart rate) and short intervals (maximal intensity) of high-intensity training (running on a non-motorized treadmill) with the same total duration on separate days. The total volume of consumed oxygen during recovery was the same in both cases (P=0.21), whereas the short intervals of high-intensity training were performed at a faster mean running velocity (3.5±0.18 vs. 2.95±0.07 m/s) and at a lower RPEbreath compared with the long intervals of high-intensity training. The blood lactate concentration also tended to be lower during the short intervals of high-intensity training, indicating that short-interval training was perceived to be easier than long-interval training, even though the cardiovascular and metabolic responses are similar. Furthermore, EPOC lasted significantly longer (83.4±3.2 vs. 61.3±27.9 min, P=0.016) and tended to be higher (8.02±4.22=vs. 5.70±3.75 L O2, P=0.053) after short intervals than after long intervals of training. Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2018; 02: e20-e27 PubDate: 2017-12-18T00:00:00+0100 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124429 Issue No:Vol. 02, No. 01 (2017)
Authors:Naclerio; Fernando, Larumbe-Zabala, Eneko Abstract: The studies by Sanchez-Medina et al. (Sports Medicine International Open, 1(02), E80-E88. 2017) and Gonzalez-Badillo and Sanchez-Medina (Int J Sports Med, 31, 347–52. 2010) attempted to provide a good estimation of relative load from movement velocity measured in bench press and full squat. However, both aforementioned studies contain methodological issues concerning the predicted equations used to address load-velocity relationship that coaches should be aware of. Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2018; 02: E16-E16 PubDate: 2017-11-29T00:00:00+0100 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-118710 Issue No:Vol. 02, No. 01 (2017)
Authors:Batliner; Matthew E., Kipp, Shalaya, Grabowski, Alena M., Kram, Rodger, Byrnes, William C. Abstract: Running economy (oxygen uptake or metabolic rate for running at a submaximal speed) is one of the key determinants of distance running performance. Previous studies reported linear relationships between oxygen uptake or metabolic rate and speed, and an invariant cost of transport across speed. We quantified oxygen uptake, metabolic rate, and cost of transport in 10 average and 10 sub-elite runners. We increased treadmill speed by 0.45 m·s−1 from 1.78 m·s−1 (day 1) and 2.01 m·s−1 (day 2) during each subsequent 4-min stage until reaching a speed that elicited a rating of perceived exertion of 15. Average runners’ oxygen uptake and metabolic rate vs. speed relationships were best described by linear fits. In contrast, the sub-elite runners’ relationships were best described by increasing curvilinear fits. For the sub-elites, oxygen cost of transport and energy cost of transport increased by 12.8% and 9.6%, respectively, from 3.58 to 5.14 m·s−1. Our results indicate that it is not possible to accurately predict metabolic rates at race pace for sub-elite competitive runners from data collected at moderate submaximal running speeds (2.68–3.58 m·s−1). To do so, metabolic rate should be measured at speeds that approach competitive race pace and curvilinear fits should be used for extrapolation to race pace. Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2018; 02: E1-E8 PubDate: 2017-11-17T00:00:00+0100 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122068 Issue No:Vol. 02, No. 01 (2017)
Authors:Waldron; Mark, David Patterson, Stephen, Jeffries, Owen Abstract: This study evaluated the inter-day test-retest reliability of the Finapres® finger pulse pressure measuring device during rest and exercise. Eight male participants visited the laboratory twice for evaluation of the inter-day reliability of the Finapres® finger-pulse pressure device to measure: heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q̇) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at rest, and treadmill walking at 3 km/h on 1% and 5% inclines. There were no systematic biases for any of the variables between days. The coefficient of variation (CV%) and 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) was smallest for MAP (CV%=1.6–3.2%; LoA total error=4.6–12 mmHg) and HR (CV%=3.2–3.9%; LoA total error=6.8–11.9 b/min), increasing with exercise intensity (gradient). The pattern of error was different for Q̇, with decreasing CV% (4.8–3.8%) and LoA (4.2–5.7 L/min) from rest to 5% gradient, with the larger errors occurring for resting SV (CV=7.4%; LoA total error=21.5 ml). The device measures MAP and HR reliably between days; however, error increases at higher intensities. The measurement of SV is less reliable, probably owing to underlying algorithmic assumptions. Citation: Sports Medicine International Open 2018; 02: E9-E15 PubDate: 2017-11-17T00:00:00+0100 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122081 Issue No:Vol. 02, No. 01 (2017)
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