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Chiang Mai Dental Journal
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 0857-6920
Published by Chiang Mai University

[10 journals]

The effectiveness of trunk-supporting seat belt in reducing low back
muscle fatigue for sea-port crane operators
- Authors: Kleebprathum S, Sangiamsak T, Lormphongs S
  Pages: 525 - 36
  Abstract: Objectives To study the effectiveness of trunk-supporting seat belt for reducing low back muscle fatigue.
  Methods The study used a single group of volunteers to compare the fatigue of lower back muscles between wearing and not wearing a seat belt to support their torso. The comparison was made by first sitting then leaning the torso forward at an angle of 30 degrees for 30 minutes. The lower back muscles were analyzed by using an electromyography (EMG). An EMG potential was measured on the area of the lumbar erector spinae muscles of twenty medical students between September to November 2020. The data were analyzed using statistics (Matched Pair Statistic).
  Results The group study outcome consisted of 4th and 5th year male medical student volunteers from the academic year of 2020. The volunteers who passed the selection criteria totalled twenty people with an average age of 22.75 years. The median difference in EMG potential measured on the lumbar erector spinae was as follows: When the body support belts were in place and then not in place the results were: 58.0 (42.00 - 121.75) hertz and 16.50 (11.25 - 60.75) hertz, respectively, which showed a significant difference. (Z = -3.921 statistic, p < 0.001).
  Conclusions The use of seat belts to support the torso can reduce the fatigue of the lower back
  muscles of a port crane operator. Crane operation requires the torso to be bent forward at times. Muscle fatigue results can be assessed by using an EMG.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
Prevalence of and Factors related to musculoskeletal discomfort among Thai
monks
- Authors: Nopasopon T, Sithisarankul P, Rattananupong T
  Pages: 537 - 49
  Abstract: Objectives To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) among Thai monks and to identify related factors along with methods currently used to relieve the symptoms.
  Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study collected information from all the monks in each of the surveyed temples in Chachoengsao province during June through October 2020. Two temples were sampled in each of the 11 districts plus both royal temples in the province. The study focused on the prevalence of MSD over a twelve month period, including investigation of related factors and methods used to relieve symptoms.
  Results There were 400 Thai monks included in this study, average age 42.0±16.3 years. The prevalence of MSD in the twelve month study period was 88%, of which low back pain was the most common (59.3%) followed by shoulder pain (25.0%). The MDS affected the activities of daily living (ADL) of 11.5% of respondents and 6.5% had to take sick leave. Unpaired t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to analyze the quantitative data and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the qualitative data. Factors found to be related to the incidence of MSD included older age (p < 0.001), longer duration of ordination (p < 0.014), and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 km./m.2 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.13-3.85). The main method used to relieve symptoms was self-healing (59.5%).
  Conclusions The incidence of MSD among Thai monks was found to be related to greater age, longer duration of ordination, and BMI ≥ 25 kilogram/m2. Self-healing was the main method used to relieve the symptoms. This finding suggests that provision of knowledge regarding causes and prevention of MSD to Thai monks is needed.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
A pilot study: The effectiveness of the mindfulness training program to
reduce ADHD symptoms among 12-15 year-old adolescents with the risk of
ADHD
- Authors: Krisanapant S, Pornnopadol C, Singhakan S, Atsariyasing W
  Pages: 551 - 61
  Abstract: Objectives This research aimed to study the effectiveness of mindfulness training program for ADHD, behavior problems, and cognitive function in 28 adolescents aged 12-15 years old with risk of ADHD.
  Methods It was an experimental research which samples were randomly selected into an experimental group and control group with pretest posttest design and reassessment using Thai ADHD Screening Scales (THASS), self-report and teacher versions, Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), self-report version and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- 3rd Edition (WISC-III).
  Results The findings from the study revealed that the experimental group had better scores than the control group with statistical significance of 0.05 in terms of aggressive behavior (from post-test self-assessment) while ADHD symptoms in self-report version and the cognitive function did not find any difference in every stage. Similar to the assessment of ADHD from teachers, there was no statistical significance in every stage.
  Conclusions Mindfulness training programs can reduce aggressive behavior among adolescents with the risk of ADHD but it does not reduce ADHD symptoms and does not affect cognitive function.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
Accuracy of Thai National Triage Guideline and Trauma and Injury Severity
Score (TRISS) for predicting survival outcome in emergency department
injured patients
- Authors: Laosuksri W, Chiwpreecha P, Samork N, Thaimit Y, Srisookkum T
  Pages: 563 - 73
  Abstract: Objectives Thailand uses the Ministry of Public Health’s Emergency Department Triage (MOPH ED Triage) triage system to triage injured patients; however there is inadequate evidence on its accuracy. Concurrently, the Trauma Injury and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) is a widely accepted and evidence backed scale used to predict survival outcomes of injured patients. Our study aims to validate the accuracy of MOPH ED triage in predicting survival outcome and the accuracy of MOPH ED triage compared to TRISS.
  Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study collecting data on 7,966 injured patients presenting to Sawanpracharak Hospital between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. The accuracy of MOPH ED triage and TRISS were assessed using areas under the curve (AUC) and accuracy analysis of diagnostic tests.
  Results MOPH ED triage and TRISS were both accurate in predicting survival outcome of injured patients; the AUC of MOPH ED Triage was 0.822 95%CI [0.741-0.903] and AUC of TRISS was 0.908 95%CI [0.860-0.956], with TRISS having a statistically significantly higher accuracy compared to MOPH ED triage, p-value 0.001.
  Conclusions Both Thai National Triage Guideline and TRISS can accurately predict survival outcomes in injured patients. Therefore, Survival outcomes and TRISS could be used as a tool to evaluate the accuracy of triage in injured patients.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
Prevalence and factors associated with depression among boarding school
students in Suratthani
- Authors: Anantaseriwidhya T, Punyapas S, Hosiri T
  Pages: 574 - 85
  Abstract: Objectives To determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among boarding school students in Suratthani, Thailand.
  Methods A cross sectional study was carried out from 339 students randomly selected from boarding school in Suratthani using proportional stratified random sampling method. Depression and its asso-ciated factors were assessed by using Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and Social support and life satisfaction scales respectively. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the associated factors.
  Results The prevalence of depression among Suratthani boarding school students is 20.9% (CES-D ≥ 22). After adjusting by multiple logistic regression, depression significantly associated with female (AOR 2.528, 95%CI 1.133 to 5.637), lower Grade Point Average (AOR 0.215, 95%CI 0.074 to 0.624), being bullied > 5 times/week (AOR 2.528, 95%CI 1.133 to 5.637), poor teacher support (AOR 7.807, 95%CI 1.514 to 40.269), poor family support (AOR 29.448, 95%CI 3.003 to 288.788), moderate peer support (AOR 3.069, 95%CI 1.483 to 6.349).
  Conclusions The prevalence of depression among boarding school students in Suratthani was lower than previous study. However, the major associated factor of depression was poor family support. Thus, promotion family support, social support from peer and teacher, bullying prevention and academic performance might be beneficial for depression in boarding school students.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
Factors predicting hospital financial risks associated with stroke
treatment under a Diagnosis-Related Group payment
- Authors: Hirunrassamee S, Maluangnon K, Sooksriwong C, Keetawattanakul P, Loessaksrisakul N
  Pages: 587 - 98
  Abstract: Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence stroke hospitalization costs for financially high-risk groups under the DRG payment method.
  Methods A retrospective study was conducted with stroke inpatients at Phramongkutklao Hospital. Data was collected from an administrative database and electronic medical records. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the association between hospital costs and factors that influence those costs in terms of a correlation coefficient for a financially high-risk group.
  Results The results indicate that among 272 stroke patients, 57.0% were male with a mean age of 69.2 ± 14.2 years. The median charge per admission was 52,854 (IQR : 25,434, 147,229) THB and median charge per length of stay (LOS) was 5,065 (IQR : 3,347, 7,738) THB. Multiple regression analysis among 13 factors found that having surgery, use of a ventilator, prolonged LOS, and insurance type had significant correlations with stroke hospital costs (R-square = 0.83, p < 0.05).
  Conclusions In conclusion, surgery, use of a ventilator, and LOS, insurance type are clinical factors that are associated with significant increased costs for financially high-risk groups.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
Occupational health literacy among health workers in a hospital under the
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
- Authors: Chawakitchareon V, Sithisarankul P, Hengpraprom S
  Pages: 599 - 613
  Abstract: Objectives To investigate occupational health literacy level and associated factors among health workers in a hospital under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.
  Methods This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The samples, obtained from stratified sampling, were 415 health workers. Occupational health literacy was assessed by the self-administered questionnaire, The occupational health literacy scale for health workers, which has been adjusted and validated by content validity and reliability. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis.
  Results The sample group had a moderate level of occupational health literacy with an average score 130.34 ± 15.79 (95%CI: 128.82-131.86) or 72.41 percent. The highest score was managing self-occupational health (74.53 percent) and the lowest score was occupational health communication skills (67.27 percent). Factors significantly associated with good occupational health literacy were female (p = 0.011), aged below 45 (p < 0.001), no shift work or overtime (p = 0.029), history of occupational health training (p = 0.002), occupational health and safety policy perception (p < 0.001) and adequate occupational health and safety support, by high support (p < 0.001) and low support (p = 0.023).
  Conclusions The promotion of occupational health literacy among health workers should focus on occupational health communication skills, providing appropriated occupational health services to each group of occupation, increasing occupational health training, establishing occupational health and safety policy, and allocating support. To enable health workers to develop health workers’ competencies in occupational health practice for work safety and effectiveness.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
Prevalence and related factors of musculoskeletal discomfort among workers
in a frozen seafood factory in Samut Songkhram Province
- Authors: Wuttayakorn T, Supapong S
  Pages: 615 - 28
  Abstract: Objectives This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and related factors of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) among workers in a frozen seafood factory in Samut Songkhram Province.
  Methods The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study in all 524 recruited seafood production workers, without randomization. Data were collected using general questionnaires and Standardised Nordic Questionnaires in Thai version, which the researcher and the language interpreter conducted interviews with all the samples by themselves. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis.
  Results The prevalence of overall musculoskeletal discomfort (discomfort in at least one part of the body) in seafood production workers within the last 7 days, the last 12 months and the last 12 months that affected works were 36.83%, 55.34% and 26.90%, respectively. The lower back was the area with the highest prevalence of MSD, followed by shoulder. Factors related to musculo-skeletal discomfort were having a high level of education, increasing income, having underlying disease, drinking alcohol and repetitive work pattern (Slicing, Trimming and Packing).
  Conclusion The musculoskeletal discomfort was rather highly prevalent in all body parts of seafood production workers. Health promotion, education and correct ergonomic posture should be provided to reduce the prevalence of MSD and work risks.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
Factors associated with cholinesterase levels among farmers
- Authors: Juntarawijit Y, Juntarawijit C, Chaichanawirote U, Rakmeesri P, Yaowapanon N
  Pages: 629 - 41
  Abstract: Objectives The objective was to explore the prevalence of abnormal cholinesterase (ChE) levels among farmers, and its associated factors.
  Methods This study was a cross-sectional study. The sample were 1,944 farmers in Phitsanulok, Thailand. Participants were randomly selected using a multistage sampling. Data were collected by using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. Demographics, the historical use of pesticides, data on knowledge, attitude, and practice on exposure prevention were also collected. Cholinesterase levels were measured using a reactive-paper finger-blood test. Correlation of risk factors to the prevalence of abnormal ChE among farmers were analyzed by binary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression.
  Results It was found that 61.9% of the participants had abnormal PChE, defined as having risky and unsafe levels. The prevalence of abnormal PChE was significantly correlated to sex, education, and frequency of farm visits. Compared to the rarely visited group, participants who visit a farm every week (adjusted OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.16-2.49) and every day (adjusted OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21-2.51) had a higher risk of abnormal PChE. The result revealed that spraying, duration of insecticide usage, knowledge, attitude, and practice were not associated with PChE.
  Conclusion This study found over half of the farmers had abnormal ChE. The abnormality was significantly linked to several risk factors, including sex, education, and frequency of farm visits. Therefore, preventive measurements of pesticide exposure are needed to protect the farmers.
  PubDate: 2021-10-01
  Issue No: Vol. 60, No. 4 (2021)
A Study of Flexural Properties of Poly Methyl Methacrylate Reinforced with
Various Amount of Silanized nano Alumina
- Authors: Rittha Maphakdeewong, Watcharapong Aroonsang, Pisaisit Chaijareenont, Piriya Yavirach
  Pages: 13 - 22
  Abstract: Abstract Purposes To study the concentration of silane coupling agent that forms monolayer on nano-alumina particles and the effect of silanized nano-alumina particles mixed in acrylic resin on flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Materials and Methods Concentrations of silane coupling agent were calculated and analyzed by organic element analysis. The concentration was used for silanization of nano-alumina particles and silanized nano-alumina particles were mixed with acrylic resin at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 3 and 5% w/w, producing the experimental groups. The control group was acrylic resin without nano-alumina. The specimens were 10 mm in width, 64 mm in length and 3.3 mm in thickness. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were investigated for all groups and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence intervals. Results The concentration of silane coupling agent that forms monolayer on nano-alumina particles was 0.118 g for nano-alumina particles 1 g. The average flexural strength ranged between 75.86-100.63 MPa. The average modulus of elasticity ranged between 3.06-3.92 GPa. Conclusion The highest average flexural strength was found in the 0.25% w/w silanized nano-alumina group (100.63±14.05 MPa) and was significantly different from control group. The average modulus of elasticity values was found in the 0.5% w/w silanized nano-alumina group (3.92±0.81 GPa) and was significantly different from control group. Keywords: flexural strength, methyl methacrylate, modulus of elasticity, nano-alumina particles, silane coupling agents
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
Oral cancer patients’ perspectives to quality of life: a qualitative
study in the context of Northern Thailand medical and cultural systems
- Authors: Thatsanee Saladyanant, Imjai Chitapanarux, Swe Swe Win, Piyanart Chatiketu
  Pages: 23 - 33
  Abstract: Abstract Objective: To investigate oral cancer patients’ perspective on quality of life; to explore how do medical systems works in the context of cultural systems in Northern Thailand. Materials and Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted to make an understanding on oral cancer patients experiences and their perceptions on quality of life. Twelve oral cancer patients were recruited for in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The diverse experiences from patients who have been diagnosed with oral cancer from 2 months to 11 years were collected and the narratives were extracted, categorized, and analyzed into significance themes by using content analysis. Results: Four themes emerged from the interviews including: (1) ability to cope with cancer under the supportive cultural healing, (2) family support and social network, (3) accessibility and availability of medical care, and (4) acceptance of new identity. Patients’ health believes and values were attached firmly to cultural explanation of disease and expressed through health seeking behaviors. Biomedicine together with cultural medicine both played their roles for oral cancer healing. Culture defined meaning of oral cancer and identify healing, thus, patients used pluralistic medicine to cure diseases and heal their illness. Conclusions: The stigma of cancer is the unprepared-suffering death causes by uncleared factors. Patients believed Karma and curses were causes of cancer. Oral cancer patients need both biomedicine and cultural medicine to heal their organs, emotion, mind, and soul. Supports from social network, government health policy, and socio-cultural constructs help patients to perceive a good quality of life.
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
Effectiveness of Maprang “Bouea macrophylla Griffith” seed extract
against endodontopathogenic microorganisms in a multispecies
bacterial-fungal biofilm.
- Authors: Warat Leelapornpisid, Worrapan Poomanee
  Pages: 34 - 41
  Abstract: Objective:This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of seed extractderived from Bouea macrophyllaGriffith (Maprang wan)grown in Northern Thailand against Entercoccus faecalis,Streptococcus gordoniiandCandida albicans inplanktonic and multispecies biofilm. Materials and methods:Agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods were performed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract of Maprang wan seed against planktonic E. faecalis,S. gordoniiand C. albicans.Growth curves of E. faecalis,S. gordoniiand C. albicansin 1:1:1and1:1:0.1ratio, respectively) were performed to measure the appropriate ratio of the species within biofilm. Multispecies of E. faecalis,S. gordoniiand C. albicansbiofilms were grown in RPMI for 48 hours at 37°C. Following this, the biofilms were exposed to 25 mg/mL of Maprang seed extracts. 0.02 mg/mL chlorhexidine was used as the positive control and RPMI as the negative control. After exposure, time-kill assay was conducted to evaluate time-point of the extract which showed bactericidal and fungicidal effects. The colony forming unit (CFU) data were analysed with one-way ANOVAand Dunnett's test (p<0.05). Results:Maprang seed extract demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against planktonic and multispecies E. faecalis,S. gordoniiand C. albicans. The time kill assay showed a time dependent action of Maprang seed extract, itdemonstrated significant reduction of viable organisms at the time periods. Conclusions:Maprang seed extract had antibiofilm property against multispecies E. faecalis,S. gordoniiand C. albicansbiofilms. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was comparable to chlorhexidine. Maprang seed extract has potential as a novel antimicrobial agent and could be used to treat superficial infections or as aroot canal medicament.
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
Antibiofilm Effect of Citric Acid-modified Chlorhexidine Gluconate on a
Dual-species Biofilm
- Authors: Warat Leelapornpisid, Anat Dewi, Danupong Chaiariyakul, Chawin Upara, Phumisak Louwakul
  Pages: 42 - 48
  Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the antibiofilm effect of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) added with citric acid (CA) on bacterial-fungal biofilm. Methods: Dentin slices were sectioned from the crown of extracted human third molars. After sterilization, samples were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) and Candida albicans(C. albicans) for 14 days to establish a bacterial-fungal biofilm. All samples were randomly divided into four treatment groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (negative control), 2% CHX, 10% CA, and 10% citric acid-modified 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CAmCHX). Each dentin slice was treated with one of the solutions for 1 min. Following treatment, samples were labeled with a fluorescent viability stain to identify live and dead cells. The proportion of dead cells to total cells was analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and biofilm removal efficacy was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results:10% CA and CAmCHX groups demonstrated a higher proportion of dead cells to total cells than the PBS group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the 10% CA and CAmCHX groups (P>0.05). SEM images revealed less remaining biofilm in 10% CA and CAmCHX groups. Whereas, in 2% CHX and PBS groups, the biofilmstructure was intact. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, CAmCHX demonstrated an antibiofilm effectagainst E. faecalisand C. albicansbiofilm on the surface of dentin slices. Keywords: Chlorhexidine, Citric acid, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans,Biofilms
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
The effect of surface treatments application on dentin permeability and
shear bond strength of resin cement under simulated pulpal pressure
condition
- Authors: Napatsorn Dusadeedumkoeng, Pattaranat Banthitkhunanon, Sitthichai Wanachantararak
  Pages: 49 - 56
  Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the permeability reduction and bond strength after treated dentin with two surface treatment agents, Teethmate® (TDA) and Portland cement. Sixty extracted teeth were divided equally into six groups; control, TDA and Portland cement groups with and without simulated 15 cmH2O pulpal pressure. Each surface treatment was randomly applied to dentin surface. Dentin permeability was evaluated for simulated pulpal pressure groups by recorded fluid droplets on dentin surface using replica technique. The replica was examined under SEM. The specimen was re-polished and re-applied same surface treatment. The composite rod was bonded to dentin with self-etched resin cement. The shear bond strength of bonding interface was tested with universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA was tested for comparing treatment groups and pulpal pressure conditions with Tukey’s multiple comparisons. Specimens with simulated pulpal pressure had significantly lower shear bond strength than without pulpal pressure (P<0.01). Surface treatment groups, TDA and Portland cement, showed significantly higher shear bond strength than control under simulated pulpal pressure condition (P<0.05). While no significant difference was seen in non-simulated pulpal pressure groups. SEM micrograph shown that both surface treatment groups had significant less permeability of dentin as smaller fluid droplets were recorded. Dentin surface treatments had effectiveness on reduced dentin permeability and increased shear bond strength of dental adhesive in simulated pulpal pressure condition. But there had no advantage over a control group for non-simulated pulpal pressure condition.
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
Study of Flexural Properties between Domestic Glass Fibers Reinforced
Polymethylmethacrylate and Dental Glass Fibers Reinforced
Polymethylmethacrylate
- Authors: Pattarika Angkasith, Aikaterini Kostagianni, Thanapat Sastraruji, Pisaisit Chiajareenont, Kasaree Chairote, Palida Mandapitak
  Pages: 57 - 64
  Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the flexural properties of PMMA reinforced with domestic glass fibers compared to PMMA reinforced with dental glass fibers. Thirty-two PMMA bar specimens in the size of 10x64x3.2 mm3 (ISO 20795-1) were divided equally into 4 groups (eight specimens for each) according to the types of fibers: 1) no fibers 2) dental fibers 3) silane impregnated domestic glass fibers 4) non-silane impregnated domestic glass fibers. All specimens were subjected to 2,000 cycles of thermocycling. Flexural strength was determined using a three-point loading test set up at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min by Universal Testing Machine Model 5566. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of the cracked surface at 200X and 1000X. The results were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (α=0.05). Results: The silane impregnated domestic glass fibers demonstrated the highest flexural strength compared to the others while the non-impregnated domestic glass fibers had the lowest flexural strength. CONCLUSION Reinforcing PMMA with silane impregnated domestic glass fibers could improve its flexural strength. Keywords: Flexural Properties, Glass Fibers, Polymethylmethacrylate, Silane Coupling Agent
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
The Effect of Liquid Toothpaste compared with Conventional Toothpaste on
Plaque Score
- Authors: Prim Auychai, Noramon Chakthranont, Patadanai Butsabul, Marcio A. da Fonseca
  Pages: 65 - 70
  Abstract: Abstract Introduction: The new product, a liquid toothpaste, has been introduced to the market. It is claimed that its liquid form can better clean the proximal surfaces of the tooth, improves gingival health and controls bacterial growth. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a liquid and a cream toothpaste on dental plaque score. Materials and Methods: Thirteen subjects, aged 20–23 years old participated in this randomized controlled crossover clinical study. The study was conducted in 2 phases of 4-weeks each with a washout period of 1 week between phases. The subjects were randomized into two groups: Jintan-NUDE aqua mint® and Colgate Total Advance Fresh® and instructed to perform routine brushing with the assigned toothpastes. Total plaque scores (PS) and proximal plaque scores (PPS) were assessed by one examiner using a Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index (TMQHI) 4 times during each phase: baseline (t0), immediately after use (t1), after the second week (t2), and fourth week (t3) of toothpaste use. Repeated ANOVA was used to compare the differences within each group and the independent t-test was used to compare the differences between groups at t0, t1, t2, and t3 at p<0.05. Results: The mean PS and PPS of the groups were not significantly different at each evaluation point, except for the PS of the liquid group at t2, which was significantly higher than that of the cream group. The PS and PPS in each group at t1 were significantly lower compared with t0, t2, t3 and the PS of the liquid toothpaste group at t2 was significantly higher than that at t0. The differences between the other time points were not significant. Conclusion: Overall, the liquid and cream toothpastes have similar effectiveness in controlling plaque scores at the proximal surfaces of the teeth and total plaque scores. This study indicates that liquid toothpaste is an alternative to cream toothpaste
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
Effects of Mechanics for Uprighting Partially-Impacted Mandibular Second
Molars using Miniscrew Anchorage: A Finite Element Analysis
- Authors: Puttnaree Kittichaithanakoon, Virush Patanaporn, Chaiy Rungsiyakull
  Pages: 71 - 84
  Abstract: Objectives: The purposes of this study were: (1) to evaluate the optimal force magnitude that can be applied to the initial uprighting of partially-impacted mandibular second molar (tooth 37) without exceeding the hydrostatic pressure of the periodontal ligament (PDL) capillary vessels’ blood pressure, which is 0.0047 megapascal (MPa)
  and distribution pattern of hydrostatic pressure on PDL 37; and (2) to describe initial tooth displacement of the impacted tooth 37, mandibular first molar (tooth 36) and mandibular second premolar (tooth 35) using the finite element method.
  Materials and methods: A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model was developed from CBCT images. Various pushing forces, 35 to 150 g were applied to evaluate the optimal force magnitude. A force direction was laid from an interradicular miniscrew head, which was placed in the cortical bone between the root 35 and root 36, to a buccal minitube on the impacted tooth 37. The optimal force magnitude was used to simulate the initial tooth displacement of impacted tooth 37, tooth 36, and tooth 35.
  Results: The optimal force magnitude, when a single-pushing-uprighting force applied, was 80 g. The compressive hydrostatic pressure on PDL 37 appeared on the disto-lingual region close to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ); and the tension on PDL 37 appeared on the mesio-buccal side of the mesial root and on the mesio-buccal side of the distal root close to the furcation. The initial displacement pattern of the impacted tooth 37 was lingual crown tipping, distal crown tipping, distal root tipping, and disto-lingual rotation of the crown. It was found that the teeth 36 and 35 were also displaced, though force was not directly applied to them. Teeth 36 and 35 showed lingual crown tipping, extrusion, and distal crown tipping.
  Conclusions: This finite element analysis was revealed that the force magnitude that can be applied to initial uprighting the mandibular second molar for this study was 80 g. The initial displacement pattern of the mandibular second molar, as descending order, was lingual crown tipping, distal crown tipping, distal root tipping and disto-lingual rotation of the crown. It was also revealed that the adjacent teeth were displaced, even though uprighting force was not directly applied to them.
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
Biologic effects of pulp capping material containing fluocinolone
acetonide on human dental pulp cells
- Authors: Phumisak Louwakul, Veera Lertchirakarn, Tadkamol Krongbaramee
  Pages: 85 - 94
  Abstract: The aims of this study were to test some biological properties of pulp capping material containing fluocinolone acetonide (PCFA). The PCFA is hard setting calcium hydroxide cement containing 50 mmol/L of fluocinolone acetonide (FA). Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were evaluated by MTT assay. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to study the effects of PCFA on RNA (dentin sialophosphoprotein: DSPP) and protein (dentin sialoprotein: DSP) synthesis. Anti-inflammatory effect of PCFA was determined by analysis of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression. Dycal® was used as control. The results suggested that the diluted conditioned media from PCFA slightly increased cell proliferation, significantly increased DSPP expression and decreased COX-2 expression (p < .05). In term of biologic properties, the PCFA may promote cell proliferation, mineralization and decrease pre-existing inflammation in human dental pulp cells. It may be considered as an alternative pulp capping material in the treatment of inflamed dental pulp.
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
Vertical Root Fracture Findings From Cone Beam Computerized Tomography
(CBCT): A Serial Case Analysis
- Authors: Weerapan Aunmeungtong, Kanchit Suwanalai
  Pages: 95 - 102
  Abstract: The diagnosis of vertical root fracture (VRF) has been discussed as a difficult and complicate issue to make the definitive diagnosis. With the using of a new modality image diagnosis, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), it may help to identify the VRF.The purpose of the study was to describe the CBCT findings of the VRF and relevant clinical findings.Nine patients with tentative diagnosis of VRF were included in the report. All patients were sent for CBCT. Most of the CBCT clearly showed peri-radicular lesion.Together with the periapical film and clinical findings, the diagnosis of VRF could be made. All the extracted teeth showed the VRF. CBCT is helpful to confirm the VRF when using with the conventional periapical film and clinical symptoms.
  PubDate: 2021-10-12
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 3 (2021)
Knowledge, attitude and safety work practice regarding pesticide use among
farmers in Nakhon Sawan