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Authors:Huang; Ye, Yue, Long, Qiu, Jiahuang, Gao, Ming, Liu, Sijin, Wang, Jingshang Pages: 419 - 428 Abstract: The development and progression of the complications of chronic diabetes mellitus are attributed not only to increased blood glucose levels but also to glycemic variability. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the role of glycemic variability in the development of diabetic complications may provide more insight into targeted clinical treatment strategies in the future. Previously, the mechanisms implicated in glycemic variability-induced diabetic complications have been comprehensively discussed. However, endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivation, which are two newly recognized critical pathogenic factors, have not been fully elucidated yet. In this review, we first evaluate the assessment of glycemic variability and then summarise the roles of endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivation in glycemic variability-induced complications of diabetes, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved and their interconnections. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 419-428 PubDate: 2022-07-14T09:33:10+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-0978 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 07 (2022)
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Authors:Kalaria; Tejas, Fenn, Jonathan, Sanders, Anna, Yates, Alexandra, Duff, Christopher, Ashby, Helen, Mohammed, Pervaz, Ford, Clare, Gama, Rousseau Pages: 429 - 434 Abstract: We assessed the impact of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and adjusted calcium analyses on Abbott, Roche and Siemens analytical platforms in the diagnosis of normocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NCPHPT). These assays are used by over 85% of clinical laboratories in the UK. Over five months, consecutive serum samples from outpatients with NCPHPT in the laboratory with Abbott assays were identified, aliquoted and stored at –80°C. Frozen aliquots were transported monthly to the other two laboratories. After thawing, samples were mixed and analysed immediately for calcium, albumin and iPTH in the laboratories with Abbott, Roche and Siemens analytical platforms. Adjusted calcium was calculated using the equation used in the respective laboratory. Diagnostic concordance of iPTH and adjusted calcium were assessed using manufacturer-provided assay-specific reference intervals and the pathology harmony reference interval respectively. Fifty-five patients with NCPHPT were identified using Abbott assays. Of these, 16 (29.1%) and 11 (20.0%) had NCPHPT, 9 (16.4%) and 13 (23.6%) had hypercalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism, and 30 (54.6%) and 31 (56.4%) patients had normal results when analysed in laboratories with Roche and Siemens assays, respectively. The diagnosis of NCPHPT was strikingly different depending on the commercial assay used. There is a pressing need for iPTH assay harmonisation and robust reference intervals. Reference intervals may become invalid if an assay drifts, as exemplified by adjusted calcium in this study. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 429-434 PubDate: 2022-07-14T09:33:12+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1856-4900 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 07 (2022)
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Authors:Karavani; Gilad, Daoud-Sabag, Lina, Chay, Cherut, Gillis, David, Strich, David Pages: 435 - 441 Abstract: Thyroid screening is recommended during pregnancy with serum thyrotropin (TSH) as the primary test. However, since human chorionic gonadotropin, the serum hallmark of pregnancy, has TSH-like effects, the adequacy of TSH as a screening tool in this constellation requires further study. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between TSH and thyroid hormones during pregnancy in order to determine if TSH is an adequate screening tool. This was a retrospective study utilizing the Clalit Health Service, Jerusalem district database between 2006–2017 in which we analyzed TSH, FT4 and FT3 measurements from 32430 pregnancies resulting in live birth. We grouped FT4 and FT3 levels by trimester and by the following TSH levels: (1) below 0.1/0.2/0.3 mIU/l, (2) 0.1–2.5/0.2–3.0/0.3–3.0 mIU/l, (3) 2.6–4.0/3.1–4.0 mIU/l, (4) 4.1–10.0 mIU/l and (5) above 10.0 mIU/l. In the first trimester, the most important for fetal brain development, FT3 was below normal, defined as below the 2.5th percentile for the population, in only 15.3% of tests with TSH over 10 mIU/l. FT4 was below normal in only 12.8% of such tests. Similar findings were noted for the second and third trimesters. As expected, there were far less abnormal tests when lower TSH cutoff levels were tested. In conclusion, TSH levels beyond the range accepted as normal do not, in most cases, reflect abnormal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy. TSH is not a good screen for overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy. This may be due, at least in the first trimester, to thyrotropic effects of HCG. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 435-441 PubDate: 2022-07-14T09:33:12+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1872-0246 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 07 (2022)
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Authors:Yang; Fan, Xu, Qiangwei Pages: 442 - 449 Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with osteoporosis, is a systemic metabolic disease that affects postmenopausal women. This disease is closely related to the lack of estrogen. This study aims to demonstrate the correlation between serum estradiol (E2) levels and osteoporosis, bone mineral density, and bone metabolism indicators in postmenopausal women with T2DM complicated with osteoporosis (T2DM-OP). 130 postmenopausal women with T2DM were divided into the T2DM group (n=62) and the T2DM-OP group (n=68) according to bone mineral density (BMD). In addition, 80 postmenopausal women with average blood glucose and bone density were selected as the healthy control group. We compare the serum levels of E2, bone metabolism indicators, and biochemistry indexes among the three groups of participants. Compared with the healthy control and T2DM groups, the BMD and serum level of E2 in T2DM-OP patients were significantly decreased, while the serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase, type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin, and β-collagen C-terminal collagen cross-links were significantly increased. The serum levels of E2 in the postmenopausal T2DM-OP patients are positively correlated with BMD and negatively correlated with bone resorption indicators. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 442-449 PubDate: 2022-07-14T09:33:12+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1861-2475 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 07 (2022)
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Authors:Liu; Shanshan, Yang, Hongbo, Xu, Hanyuan, Zhou, Zhibo, Bai, Xi, Wang, Linjie, Duan, Lian, Gong, Fengying, Zhu, Huijuan, Pan, Hui Pages: 450 - 457 Abstract: The aim of the work was to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged male patients with both childhood-onset (CO) and adulthood-onset (AO) adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD). In this retrospective cross-sectional study in a major medical center in China, dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed in 50 male AGHD patients (average age was 35.2±9.8 years) and 50 age- and BMI-matched non-athletic healthy men. BMD was compared between AGHD patients and controls. Compared with healthy controls, AGHD group had significantly decreased IGF-1 (p1 Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 450-457 PubDate: 2022-07-14T09:33:11+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1850-7461 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 07 (2022)
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Authors:Guo; Xiaonan, Zhou, Zhibo, Lyu, Xiaorui, Xu, Hanyuan, Zhu, Huijuan, Pan, Hui, Wang, Linjie, Yang, Hongbo, Gong, Fengying Pages: 458 - 471 Abstract: Aim To determine the antiobesity effect and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) including liraglutide, exenatide and semaglutide treatment in overweight/obese patients without diabetes. The random-effect model was used to pool data extracted from included literatures. The weighted mean difference (WMD), odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to present the meta-analysis results (PROSPERO registration number: CRD 42020173199). The sources of intertrial heterogeneity, bias and the robustness of results were evaluated by subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and regression analysis, respectively. A total of 24 RCTs were recruited in the present analysis which included 5867 patients. The results showed that the treatment of overweight/obese patients without diabetes with GLP-1RAs including liraglutide, exenatide and semaglutide significantly achieved greater weight loss than placebo [WMD=–5.39, 95% CI (–6.82, –3.96)] and metformin [WMD=–5.46, 95% CI (–5.87, –5.05)]. The subgroup analysis showed that semaglutide displayed the most obvious antiobesity effect in terms of weight loss, the reduction of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). However, GLP-1RAs treatments had more gastrointestinal adverse events (such as nausea and vomiting) than placebo and Met. The subgroup analysis also represented that semaglutide displayed the lowest risk of gastrointestinal adverse events among three kinds of GLP-1RAs. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that GLP-1RA had a superior antiobesity effect than placebo/Met in overweight/obese patients without diabetes in terms of body weight, BMI, and WC, especially for semaglutide, which had more obvious antiobesity effect and lower GI adverse events than liraglutide and exenatide. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 458-471 PubDate: 2022-07-14T09:33:10+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1844-1176 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 07 (2022)
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Authors:Ning; Bobiao, Wang, Jie, Li, Baohua, Lyu, Cuixia Pages: 472 - 480 Abstract: Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphism plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of patients living with diabetes, but the current conclusions are inconsistent on the relationship between TCF7L2 polymorphism and the risk of diabetic nephropathy. This meta-analysis aims to explore the exact association between TCF7L2 rs7903146 locus polymorphism and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Wanfang databases were searched for studies on the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism at TCF7L2 rs7903146 locus and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy until January 10, 2022. The data were analyzed by Stata 15.0 software. A total of 7 articles were included, covering 1443 patients with diabetic nephropathy and 2129 diabetic non-nephropathy patients. The results showed that allele C at TCF7L2 rs7903146 locus, compared to allele T, the pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.69 (95% CI: 0.56–0.85, p≤0.05). In the dominant gene inheritance model, recessive gene inheritance model, homozygous genetic model, and heterozygous genetic model, the pooled OR was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.36–0.61), 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54–0.73), 0.39 (95% CI: 0.29–0.51), and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.45–0.78), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. In conclusion, TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. Allele T and genotype TT can increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 472-480 PubDate: 2022-07-14T09:33:11+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1863-9613 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 07 (2022)
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Authors:Xu; Hui, Tang, Yan, Liu, Lu, Yan, Jie, Qin, Li Pages: 481 - 488 Abstract: Given the characters of “Silent killer”, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) usually suffered late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of ASMTL-AS1 in EOC and investigated the effect of lncRNA ASMTL-AS1 dysregulation on tumor cellular function. ASMTL-AS1 expression was analyzed in 133 EOC tissues and five kinds of cell lines by RT-qPCR. The expression of ASMTL-AS1 was tested for correlation with clinical data using the chi-square test and clinical follow-up using Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test. Further, the prognostic parameters in predicting EOC overall survival were assessed by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. In vitro assays, including MTT assay and transwell assay, were conducted using EOC cell lines with overexpression of ASMTL-AS1. In tumorous tissues and cell lines, ASMTL-AS1 was lowly expressed compared with normal ones. This downregulation was associated with the advanced FIGO stage, positive ascites cytology, and lymph node. In particular, low levels of ASMTL-AS1 were revealed to have a high prognostic impact on EOC. ASMTL-AS1 overexpression strongly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro partly by moderating miR-1228-3p. This study demonstrates a significant role for lowly expressed ASMTL-AS1 in EOC allowing for the prediction of prognosis for EOC. Considering that ASMTL-AS1 is strongly involved in cell growth and invasion, ASMTL-AS1 may be a promising marker for EOC prognosis and therapy Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 481-488 PubDate: 2022-07-14T09:33:11+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1872-0546 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 07 (2022)
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Authors:Christidi; Aikaterini, Mavrogeni, Sophie I. Pages: 339 - 353 Abstract: The identification of rare diseases with cardiovascular involvement poses significant diagnostic challenges due to the rarity of the diseases, but also due to the lack of knowledge and expertise. Most of them remain underrecognized and undiagnosed, leading to clinical mismanagement and affecting the patients’ prognosis, as these diseases are per definition life-threatening or chronic debilitating. This article reviews the cardiovascular involvement of the most well-known rare metabolic and endocrine diseases and their diagnostic approach through the lens of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and its prognostic role, highlighting its fundamental value compared to other imaging modalities. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 339-353 PubDate: 2022-06-13T11:20:49+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1846-4878 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 06 (2022)
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Authors:Gao; Jie, Yu, Zhongwei, Sun, Fukang, Xu, Bilin, Zhang, Cuiping, Wang, Hongping, Lu, Jun, Lei, Tao Pages: 354 - 360 Abstract: Aim was to explore the associations between baseline cortisol levels and surgery method of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and management of 30 patients (18 females and 12 males) who were diagnosed with PBMAH in our center between 2005 and 2019. Based on surgery method, we divided the patients into two groups: unilateral adrenalectomy (UA) group; and bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) group. Serum cortisol rhythm and 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC/24 h) levels were assayed using chemiluminescence method. Associations between baseline cortisol levels and BA were assessed using logistic regression. The predictive value of baseline cortisol levels for BA was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Twenty patients (66.7%) underwent UAs and ten patients (33.3%) underwent BAs. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, SBP, and adrenal volume, the concentrations of baseline serum cortisol (8 AM, 4 PM, and 0 AM) and UFC/24 h were associated with bilateral adrenalectomy (all p0.05). According to maximum Youden index criteria, the optimal cutoffs of 8 AM serum cortisol level and UFC were 26.89 μg/dl and 406.65 μg/24 h, respectively, for BA. The baseline cortisol levels are positively associated with BA. Increased levels of baseline cortisol levels may predict higher possibility of BA, which should be confirmed by prospective studies. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 354-360 PubDate: 2022-06-13T11:20:54+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1850-2169 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 06 (2022)
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Authors:Ma; Xueling, Han, Yuijia, Jiang, Lai, Li, Man Pages: 361 - 370 Abstract: A higher triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been related to an increased incidence of stroke in community population. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between TyG index and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS). Observational studies, which evaluated the influence of TyG index on functional outcome and mortality in patients with acute IS were retrieved by search the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception to February 20, 2022. Two authors independently collected the data of study characteristics and outcomes. A random-effect model was used to pool the results via incorporating the influence of possible between-study heterogeneity. Eight cohort studies involving 34 076 patients with acute IS contributed to the study. Pooled results showed that a higher TyG index was independently associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.19–2.15, p=0.002; I2=78%) and poor functional outcome (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.11–1.69, p=0.004; I2=71%). Further sensitivity analyses by excluding one cohort study at a time showed consistent results (p all0.05). In conclusion, higher TyG index is a predictor of all-cause mortality and poor functional outcome in patients with acute IS, and TyG index may be useful for prognostic evaluation in these patients. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 361-370 PubDate: 2022-06-13T11:20:54+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1853-9889 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 06 (2022)
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Authors:Lin; Jinbo, Cai, Chunsheng, Xie, Yituan Pages: 371 - 379 Abstract: Dysglycemia are involved in the development of functional impairment after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between acute glycemic variability and functional outcome in patients with AIS. Cohort studies were obtained by search Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception to November, 2021. A random-effect model which incorporates the intra-study heterogeneity was chosen to pool the results. Ten cohort studies including 3038 patients were included, and 1319 (43.4%) had poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale>2) up to three months after disease onset. Pooled results showed that higher acute GV was associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcome, as evidenced by GV evaluated by the standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG, OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.65, I2=60%, p Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 371-379 PubDate: 2022-06-13T11:20:54+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1837-0141 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 06 (2022)
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Authors:Topaloğlu; Ömercan, Tekin, Sakin, Topaloğlu, Seda Nur, Bayraktaroglu, Taner Pages: 380 - 388 Abstract: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been less studied. We aimed to compare classical SAT and SAT developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the context of clinical aspects. Adults with SAT detected in 90 days of COVID-19 vaccination (CoronaVac or Pfizer/BioNTech) were grouped as Vac-SAT. Those with a history of SARS-CoV-2 or upper respiratory tract infection in 6 months before the vaccination, or vaccination with another antiviral vaccine after COVID-19 vaccination were excluded. Those with SAT detected before COVID-19 pandemic were grouped as Classical-SAT. Of total (n=85), female/male (54/31) ratio and age [43 (23–65)] were similar in Vac-SAT (n=23) and Classical-SAT (n=62). Duration between vaccine and SAT was 45 (7–90) days, and similar in CoronaVac-SAT (n=5) and BioNTech-SAT (n=18). SAT-duration was 28 (10–150) days, and higher in Vac-SAT than in Classical-SAT (p=0.023). SAT was developed after the 1st dose vaccine in minority in CoronaVac-SAT (n=2) and BioNTech-SAT (n=3) (p=0.263). Previous LT4 use, and TSH elevation after resolution were more frequent in Vac-SAT than in Classical-SAT (p=0.027 and p=0.041). We included a considerable number of patients with SAT occurred after COVID-19 vaccines. We cannot provide clear evidence regarding the association of COVID-19 vaccines with SAT. SAT associated with CoronaVac or BioNTech seems unlikely to be occurred after the 1st dose, and to have a longer duration, more likely to be associated with previous LT4 use and lead TSH elevation after resolution than Classical-SAT. TSH should be followed-up after the resolution of SAT detected after COVID-19 vaccination. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 380-388 PubDate: 2022-06-13T11:20:55+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1840-4374 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 06 (2022)
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Authors:Gao; Xinying, Chen, Jiajia, Cao, Bingyan, Dou, Xinyu, Peng, Yaguang, Su, Chang, Qin, Miao, Wei, Liya, Fan, Lijun, Zhang, Beibei, Gong, Chunxiu Pages: 389 - 395 Abstract: Study on long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) therapy in Turner syndrome (TS) is a 2-year retrospective study including patients diagnosed with TS from 2018–2021. Patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 to 4 were low dose (0.1 mg/kg/ w), high-dose (0.2 mg/kg/w) LAGH, daily GH (0.38 mg/kg/w), and untreated control. The efficacy and safety data were analyzed. Seventy-five TS cases with the age 7.9±2.9 years and the bone age 6.8±2.8 years were recruited. In year 1: The change of height standard deviation score (ΔHtSDS) and height velocity (HV) in Group 2 were comparable to Group 3, both two groups were higher than Group 1. ΔHtSDS and HV in all GH treatment group were higher than untreated group. IGF1 increased in all treatment groups, only 4 cases had IGF1>3 SD. In year 2: ΔHtSDS and HV in Group 2 and 3 were comparable. Five cases had IGF1>3 SD. Correlation analysis for LAGH efficacy at year 1 indicated that baseline variables correlated with ΔHtSDS include: GH dose, CA (chronological age), and bone age (BA). The HV was positively correlated with baseline GH dose, HtSDS, IGF-1SDS and negatively correlated with baseline CA, BA, and BMI. No GH-related serious adverse effects were observed. The high-dose LAGH treatment in TS patients is effective and safe as daily GH for 2 years. The favorable prognosis factors include sufficient GH dose and early treatment. IGF1 monitoring and weight control are important. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 389-395 PubDate: 2022-06-13T11:20:54+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1842-0724 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 06 (2022)
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Authors:Altuntaş; Seher Çetinkaya, Güneş, Mutlu Pages: 396 - 406 Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that frequently affects women of reproductive age. In PCOS, the incidence of thyroid diseases has increased in addition to reproductive and metabolic problems. To compare thyroid nodule, volume, autoimmunity, and thyroid function tests of euthyroid PCOS and its phenotypes. The files of 178 patients with PCOS aged 18–45 years and 92 patients with no disease who were matched for body mass index were retrospectively scanned. Women with PCOS were divided into four phenotypes, ABCD. Anti-TPO titer and prevalence, fT3, and thyroid volume were higher in the PCOS group compared with the control group in terms of anti-Tg levels, presence of nodules, and the number of nodules. There was no statistical difference between the PCOS group and the healthy controls. The number of nodules of 1 cm and above was found to be higher only in patients with PCOS compared with the control group. When the phenotypes were examined, thyroid dysfunction features were found in phenotype A, which was the most prominent. Thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid volume, and the number of nodules larger than 1 cm increased in patients with PCOS compared with controls. This situation is thought to be caused by the reproductive and metabolic properties of PCOS because thyroid dysfunction was detected more in phenotype A, which is called the full phenotype. Therefore, all patients with PCOS, especially phenotype A, should be evaluated for the presence of nodules with autoimmunity using USG, even if there are no symptoms, and thyroid functions. Citation: Horm Metab Res 2022; 54: 396-406 PubDate: 2022-06-13T11:20:54+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1825-0316 Issue No:Vol. 54, No. 06 (2022)
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Authors:Kumar; Naina, Agarwal, Himani Abstract: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous condition accounting for serious health complications. The present study was conducted to assess the early clinical, biochemical, and radiological features in obese, non-obese young women with PCOS as compared to non-PCOS women. The study was conducted on 120 young women (18–22 years) with 80 having features of PCOS [40 obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and 40 non-obese (BMI Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-07-20T13:34:41+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-1264
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Authors:Tao; Hejian, Shen, Dong, Zhou, Yong, Sun, Fengli, Li, Guorong, Jin, Weidong Abstract: The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with bipolar disorder. We searched Chinese literature related to the study in prevalence of metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder in Chinese language, among which results such as comments, letters, reviews and case reports were excluded. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder was researched and discussed. A total of 1562 subjects were included in 11 studies. The prevalence of MetS in bipolar disorder was 33% (95% CI=0.29–0.37), which was higher significantly than normal control (10.82%), but similar to schizophrenia (31.59%). The 41.41% prevalence of MetS in male patients was higher significantly than that in females (26.83%).The prevalence of MetS in BD treated by AAP was 47.54%, by MS was 19.19%, by MS+AAP was 40%.The prevalence of MetS in BD treated by carbamazepine was 28.21%, by lithium was 30%, by valproate was 21.71%, by clozepine was 51.43%, by olanzapine was 39.84%, by quetiapine was 39.44%, and by risperidone was 35%. The prevalence of MetS in bipolar disorder was 33% (95% CI=0.29–0.37), which was higher significantly than normal control (10.82%), but similar to schizophrenia (31.59%). AAP and MS were the main one risks of MetS in BD. Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-07-20T13:30:37+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1882-8423
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Authors:Bechmann; Nicole, Maccio, Umberto, Kotb, Reham, Dweik, Rania Al, Cherfane, Michele, Moch, Holger, Bornstein, Stefan R., Varga, Zsuzsanna Abstract: COVID-19 may influence human fertility and sexuality in several ways. Different cell types in gonads show a constitutive expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), which provide potential entry pathways for SARS-CoV-2. In addition to the biological effects of a COVID-19 infection on the gonads, the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on mental health issues and sexual behavior may affect reproduction. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the influence of COVID-19 on the gonads and discusses possible consequences on human fertility. In this context, the close interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in response to COVID-19-related stress is discussed. Some women noticed changes in their menstrual cycle during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could be due to psychological stress, for example. In addition, occasional cases of reduced oocyte quality and ovarian function are described after COVID-19 infection. In men, COVID-19 may cause a short-term decrease in fertility by damaging testicular tissue and/or impairing spermatogenesis. Moreover, decreased ratio testosterone/LH and FSH/LH in COVID-19 compared to aged-matched healthy men has been reported. Available data do not suggest any effect of the available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on fertility. The effects of long COVID on human fertility have been reported and include cases with premature ovarian failure and oligomenorrhoea in women and erectile dysfunction in men. Despite the increasing knowledge about the effects of COVID-19 infections on human gonads and fertility, the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot yet be assessed in this context. Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-07-19T08:49:26+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1891-6621
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Authors:Turgut; Seda, Acarer, Didem, Seyit, Hakan, Pamuk, Naim, Piskinpasa, Hamide, Bozkur, Evin, Karabulut, Mehmet, Cakir, Ilkay Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the IGF-1 levels, metabolic and clinical parameters among the ultrasonographically classified non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) groups and determine the factors that may predict the NAFLD severity in patients with morbid obesity. This study was conducted on 316 morbidly obese patients (250 F/66 M). The data of patients before and 1st-year after bariatric surgery were recorded. According to the ultrasonographically NAFLD screening, patients with normal hepatic features were classified as Group 1(n=57), with mild and moderate NAFLD were classified as Group 2(n=219), and with severe NAFLD were classified as Group 3(n=40). IGF-1 standard deviation scores (SDSIGF1) were calculated according to age and gender. Parameters that could predict the presence and severity of NAFLD were evaluated. IGF-1 levels were significantly associated with Group 3 than Group 1(p=0.037), and the significance remained between the same groups when IGF-1 levels were standardized as SDSIGF1(p=0.036). Decreased levels of SDSIGF1 explained 5% of severe NAFLD than the normal group (p=0.036). Liver Diameter, FPG, ALT, AST, and GGT were also found as significant predictors for severe NAFLD. There were significant differences between pre-and postop values in all groups (p Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-07-15T15:16:18+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1856-7014
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Authors:Julius; Ulrich, Schatz, Ulrike, Tselmin, Sergey, Morawietz, Henning Abstract: An elevated cholesterol concentration has been suspected to increase the susceptibility for SARS-COV-2 infection. Cholesterol plays a central role in the mechanisms of the SARS-COV-2 infection. In contrast, higher HDL-cholesterol levels seem to be protective. During COVID-19 disease, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol appear to be decreased. On the other hand, triglycerides (also in different lipoprotein fractions) were elevated. Lipoprotein(a) may increase during this disease and is most probably responsible for thromboembolic events. This lipoprotein can induce a progression of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The same is suspected for the SARS-COV-2 infection itself. COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of incident cardiovascular diseases, including cerebrovascular disorders, dysrhythmias, ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, heart failure, and thromboembolic disorders. An ongoing lipid-lowering therapy, including lipoprotein apheresis, is recommended to be continued during the COVID-19 disease, though the impact of lipid-lowering drugs or the extracorporeal therapy on prognosis should be studied in further investigations. Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-07-14T08:45:56+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1860-2610
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Authors:Kern-Matschilles; Stefanie, Gar, Christina, Schilbach, Katharina, Haschka, Stefanie Julia, Rauch, Miss Barbara, Then, Cornelia, Seissler, Jochen, Bidlingmaier, Martin, Lechner, Andreas Abstract: Recently, we proposed two pathophysiologic subtypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one related and one unrelated to metabolic syndrome. To begin to understand the pathophysiology of the subtype unrelated to metabolic syndrome, we now measured selected hormones and signaling molecules in affected individuals. In this cross-sectional analysis, we examined 138 women out of the monocenter, post gestational diabetes study PPSDiab. Of these women, 73 had prediabetes or screening-diagnosed T2DM, 40 related to metabolic syndrome and 33 unrelated. The remaining 65 women were normoglycemic controls. Our analysis included medical history, anthropometrics, oral glucose tolerance testing, laboratory chemistry, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In addition, plasma proinsulin/insulin ratio, growth hormone (hGH) nadir during oral glucose tolerance testing, Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), Leptin, Resistin, Adiponectin, Fetuin-a, FGF21, and myostatin were measured. Compared to controls, women with prediabetes or screening-diagnosed T2DM unrelated to metabolic syndrome depicted higher plasma Leptin [10.47(6.6–14.57) vs. 5.52(3.15–10.02); p Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-07-12T11:00:03+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1850-5392
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Authors:Tsourdi; E., Hofbauer, Lorenz, Rauner, Martina Abstract: The use of standard procedures for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the incidence of fragility fractures was mostly unaltered. Both COVID-19 per se and its treatments are associated with a negative impact on bone health. Preclinical models show that mice infected with SARS-CoV2 even without symptoms display loss of trabecular bone mass two weeks post infection, due to increased numbers of osteoclasts. Osteoporosis medications do not aggravate the clinical course of COVID-19, while preclinical data suggests possible beneficial effects of some therapies. While vitamin D deficiency is clearly associated with a worse clinical course of COVID-19, evidence of improved patient outcome with vitamin D supplementation is lacking. Osteoporosis treatment should not be generally discontinued, and recommendations for substituting therapies are available. Osteoporosis therapies do not interfere with the efficacy or side-effect profiles of COVID-19 vaccines and should not be stopped or indefinitely delayed because of vaccination. Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-06-20T15:50:34+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1825-9641
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Authors:Hoffmann; Carlotta, Gerber, Philipp A., Cavelti-Weder, Claudia, Licht, Louisa, Kotb, Reham, Al Dweik, Rania, Cherfane, Michele, Bornstein, Stefan, Perakakis, Nikolaos Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum that includes abnormalities in liver function indicative of liver damage. Conversely, people with liver diseases are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. In the current review, we summarize first the epidemiologic evidence describing the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and liver function/liver diseases. Additionally, we present the most frequent histologic findings as well as the most important direct and indirect mechanisms supporting a COVID-19 mediated liver injury. Furthermore, we focus on the most frequent liver disease in the general population, non-alcoholic or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD), and describe how COVID-19 may affect NAFLD/MAFLD development and progression and conversely how NAFLD/MAFLD may further aggravate a COVID-19 infection. Finally, we present the long-term consequences of the pandemic on the development and management of NAFLD. Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-06-14T10:38:56+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1834-9008
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Authors:Maremonti; Francesca, Locke, Sophie, Tonnus, Wulf, Beer, Kristina, Brucker, Anne, Gonzalez, Nadia Zamora, Latk, Marcus, Belavgeni, Alexia, Hoppenz, Paul, Hugo, Christian, Linkermann, Andreas Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common condition that requires a chronic renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation, or simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation. Chronic kidney disease progression, that is the loss of nephrons, which causes the continuous decline of the eGFR, underlies the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became clear that diabetic nephropathy is amongst the independent risk factors that predicts unfavourable outcome upon SARS-CoV2 infection. While we still lack conclusive mechanistic insights into how nephrons are rapidly lost upon SARS-CoV2 infection and why patients with diabetic nephropathy are more susceptible to severe outcomes upon SARS-CoV2 infection, here, we discuss several aspects of the interface of COVID-19 with diabetic nephropathy. We identify the shortage of reliable rodent models of diabetic nephropathy, limited treatment options for human diabetic nephropathy and the lack of knowledge about virus-induced signalling pathways of regulated necrosis, such as necroptosis, as key factors that explain our failure to understand this system. Finally, we focus on immunosuppressed patients and discuss vaccination efficacy in these and diabetic patients. We conclude that more basic science and mechanistic understanding will be required both in diabetic nephropathy as well as in host immune responses to the SARS-CoV2 virus if novel therapeutic strategies are desired. Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-04-06T00:00:00+01:00 DOI: 10.1055/a-1819-4822
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Authors:Kurtulmus; Neslihan, Kayikci, Kubra Abstract: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid that develops following viral upper respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19, binds to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) molecule expressed on the target cell surface. Thyroid gland shows high levels of ACE2 expression. The cases of SARS-CoV-2-related subacute thyroiditis and Graves’ disease have been reported. It has recently been noted that vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 also induce autoimmune and inflammatory reactions. We present six (4 male, 2 female) cases of SAT that developed after mRNA and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. And we have reviewed the literature. SAT was seen in 5 patients after mRNA vaccine, in one after inactivated vaccine. Their clinic and laboratory findings suggested to SAT. They were treated with nonsteroid anti-inflamatory drugs and/or methylprednisolone.They recovered within few weeks. Out patients did not have permanent hypothyroidism after SAT. The history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should be questioned in patients with subacute thyroiditis in pandemic days. Citation: Horm Metab Res ; : - PubDate: 2022-03-22T00:00:00+0100 DOI: 10.1055/a-1804-9561
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