Authors:Pankaj Ferwani, Aasim Maldar, Nishitkumar Shah, Phulrenu Chauhan, Manoj Chadha Abstract: Background. Genitourinary tract infections, mycotic as well as bacterial, as defined by clinical symptoms, are one of the common adverse effects associated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in clinical trials. However, Indian data in terms of the prevalence of culture-proven bacterial type of urinary tract infection (UTI), and the causative organism is limited. Objective. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and causative agents of bacterial UTI among patients with T2DM on SGLT2i. Methodology. This was a prospective longitudinal study involving all patients with T2DM who were prescribed with SGLT2i, uncontrolled on other oral anti-diabetic medications, from June 2019 to February 2020. Prevalence of bacterial UTI was evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after initiation of SGLT2i. Results. A total of 80 patients were started on SGLT2i. One female patient on canagliflozin had significant asymptomatic bacteriuria and the causative agent was Acinetobacter baumannii. One male patient on dapagliflozin had symptomatic urinary tract infection with negative urine culture study. Four patients developed genital mycotic infection. Conclusion. In this real-world study, SGLT2i as a class, was well tolerated with favorable safety profile, and risk of developing significant bacteriuria and/or symptomatic UTI was minimal. PubDate: 2022-07-24
Authors:Asif Jan, Zakiullah, Fazli Khuda, Rani Akbar Abstract: Objective. Recent GWAS largely conducted in European populations have successfully identified multiple genetic risk variants associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, the effects conferred by these variants in the Pakistani population have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to examine European GWAS-identified T2DM risk variants in the Pakistani Pashtun population to better understand the shared genetic basis of T2DM in the European and Pakistani cohorts. Methodology. A total of 100 T2DM patients and 100 healthy volunteers of Pashtun ethnicity were enrolled in this study. Both groups were genotyped for 8 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the Sequenom MassARRAY® platform. The association between selected SNPs and T2DM was determined by using appropriate statistical tests. Results. Of the 8 studied SNPs, 5 SNPs, SLC30A8/ rs13266634 (p=0.031, OR=2.13), IGF2BP2/ rs4402960 (p=0.001, OR=3.01), KCNJ11/ rs5219 (p=0.042, OR=1.78), PPARG/ rs1801282 (p=0.042, OR=2.81) and TCF7L2/ rs7903146 (p=0.00006, 3.41) had significant association with T2DM. SNP GLIS3/ rs7041847 (p=0.051, OR=2.01) showed no sufficient evidence of association. SNPs KCNQ1/ rs2237892 (p=0.140, OR=1.61) and HHEX/IDE/s1111875 (p=0.112, OR=1.31) showed opposite allelic effects and were not validated for T2DM risk in the study population. Among the studied SNPs, TCF7L2/ rs7903146 showed the most significant association. Conclusion. Our study finding indicates that selected genome-wide significant T2DM risk variants previously identified in European descent also increase the risk of developing T2DM in the Pakistani Pashtun population. PubDate: 2022-06-16
Authors:Anggraini Dwi Kurnia, Nur Lailatul Masruroh, Nur Melizza, Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo, Herdianti Nur Hidayani Abstract: Background. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the fastest-growing diseases and most serious major health problems worldwide. Few studies have focused on the association of social support with diabetes-related dietary behaviour. Objective. To examine the relationship between social support and dietary behaviour among patients with diabetes in a rural area of Indonesia. Methodology. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included 120 physically healthy patients above 18 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 6 months. Data analysis was done using a stepwise regression model. Results. The mean age was 61.97 years (SD = 7.85, range = 52-74); 86.7% of the participants were females. Social support (β = 0.272, p = <0.001), diabetes medications (β = 0.169, p = 0.003), duration of diabetes (β = 0.118, p = 0.0047), and presence of diabetes complications (β = 0.197, p = 0.008) were significant predictors of dietary behaviour and accounted for 34.2% of the variance. Conclusion. Social support, diabetes medications, presence of diabetes complications, and duration of diabetes were associated with improved dietary behaviour. Therefore, social support should be considered when designing dietary interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PubDate: 2022-06-16
Authors:Marisa Khatijah Borhan, Florence Hui Sieng Tan, Nur Shazwaniza Awang Basry Abstract: Acollision tumor involving metastasis to a pituitary adenoma is rare. We describe a case of a 68-year-old Bidayuh woman with underlying treatment-responsive lung adenocarcinoma, who presented with mass effect, panhypopituitarism and polyuria. Her initial imaging study reported pituitary macroadenoma, and she was treated with hormone replacement therapy. She then underwent transsphenoidal tumor debulking surgery with subsequent histopathological findings of a collision tumor of an adenocarcinoma with metastasis to a non-functioning pituitary adenoma. PubDate: 2022-06-16
Authors:Swe Mar Oo, Min Thar Htut, Ye Win Htun, Aye Aye Mon, May Pyone Kyaw Abstract: Objective. Physical exercise can provide many health benefits in humans. Exercise-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and its downstream signaling cascades are reported to induce mitochondrial biogenesis in exercising tissues. Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is the antioxidant hepatokine, whose hypersecretion is associated with various metabolic diseases. It was reported to impair exercise-induced reactive oxygen species signaling and inhibit subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. However, the relationship between selenoprotein P and mitochondrial dynamic in humans has not yet been reported. While reduction of plasma selenoprotein P becomes an attractive therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, the role of regular exercise in this regard is still unknown. This study aimed to analyze the influence of regular habitual exercise on plasma selenoprotein P levels and its association with leucocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in healthy young adults. Methodology. Plasma selenoprotein P levels and leucocyte mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were compared in 44 regularly exercising subjects and 44 non-exercising controls, and the correlation between the two parameters was analyzed. Plasma selenoprotein P levels were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, and leucocyte mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were measured using the qPCR method. Results. The regular-exercise group had lower plasma selenoprotein P levels with higher leucocyte mitochondrial DNA copy numbers than the non-exercise group. There was a tendency of negative correlation between the two variables in our studied population. Conclusion. Regular habitual exercise has a beneficial effect on reducing plasma selenoprotein P levels while raising mitochondrial DNA copy numbers. PubDate: 2022-04-30
Authors:Asif Jan, Muhammad Saeed, Zakiullah, Rani Akbar, Hamayun Khan Abstract: Objective. To evaluate the Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk variants in the Phastun ethnic population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using the nascent whole-exome sequencing (WES) to better understand the pathogenesis of this complex polygenic disorder. Methodology. A total of 100 confirmed patients with T2D of Pashtun ethnicity were included in the study, DNA was extracted from whole blood samples, and paired-end libraries were prepared using the Illumina Nextera XT DNA library kit carefully following the manufacturer’s instructions. Illumina HiSeq 2000 was used to obtain sequences of the prepared libraries followed by bioinformatics data analysis. Results. A total of n=11 pathogenic/likely pathogenic varinats were reported in the CAP10, PAX4, IRS-2, NEUROD1, CDKL1 and WFS1. Among the reported variants CAP10/rs55878652 (c.1990-7T>C; p.Leu446Pro) and CAP10/ rs2975766 (c.1996A>G; p.Ile666Val) identified were novel, and have not yet been reported for any disease in the database. The variants CAP10/rs7607759 (c.1510A>G, p.Thr504Ala), PAX4/rs712701 (c.962A>C; p.His321Pro), PAX4/rs772936097 (c.748-3delT; p.Arg325Trp), IRS-2/rs1805097 (c.3170G>A; p.Gly1057Asp), NEUROD1/rs1801262 (c.133A>G; p.Thr45Ala), CDKL1/rs77152992 (c.1226C>T; p.Pro409Leu), WFS1/rs1801212 (c.997G>A; p.Val333Ile), WFS1/rs1801208 (c.1367G>A; p.Arg456His), and WFS1/rs734312 (c.1832G>A; p.Arg611His) are previously identified in other ethnic populations. Our study reconfirms the associations of these variants with T2D in Pakistani Pashtun population. Conclusion. In-silico analysis of exome sequencing data suggest a statistically substantial association of all (n=11) identified variants with T2D in the Pashtun ethnic population. This study may serve as a foundation for performing future molecular studies aimed at unraveling T2D associated genes. PubDate: 2021-12-04
Authors:Sagawah Phu, Aye Thida, Kyu Kyu Maung, Tet Tun Chit Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs7903146 in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to examine the impact of this variant on pancreatic beta-cell function in the Myanmar population. Methodology. A case-control study was undertaken in 100 subjects with T2DM and 113 controls. The SNP rs7903146 was genotyped by the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. Plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were determined by enzymatic colorimetric method and ELISA respectively. Beta-cell function was calculated by the HOMA-β formula. Results. The frequencies of carrier genotypes (CT and TT) were higher in subjects with T2DM than in controls. The minor T alleles of rs7903146 were found to statistically increase type 2 diabetes risk than the C allele with an allelic odds ratio of 2.07 (95% CI 1.39-3.09, p=0.0004). The mean HOMA-β level of the group with non-carrier genotype (CC) was significantly higher than that of the groups with carrier genotypes (CT and TT) in subjects with T2DM and controls with a p-value of 0.0003 and less than 0.0001, respectively. Conclusion. SNP at rs7903146 of TCF7L2 gene was found to be associated with T2DM and low β-cell function among Myanmar subjects. PubDate: 2021-12-03
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