 Subjects -> PALEONTOLOGY (Total: 43 journals)
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- Early Oxfordian occurrence of shark Notidanoides muensteri in Jurassic
shelf lagoon deposits at Brno-Hády (Czechia)-
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Abstract:  Early Oxfordian occurrence of shark Notidanoides muensteri in Jurassic shelf lagoon deposits at Brno-Hády (Czechia)Hykš, Petr; Kumpan, Tomáš; Svobodová, Andrea
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. - AbstractNotidanoides muensteri (Agassiz, 1843) is an extinct species of hexanchiform sharks, a typical element of Late Jurassic environments on the northern shelf of the Tethys Ocean. It is the only valid representative of genus Notidanoides. Isolated teeth and even articulated skeletons of this species were found in several European localities, mainly in Germany and mostly in an interval from the middle Oxfordian up to the lower Tithonian. This study presents a new collection of lower Oxfordian teeth of N. muensteri from a classical locality of the Moravian Jurassic shelf lagoon facies at Brno-Hády (Czechia). We also provide biostratigraphic re-assessment of this important study section, formerly considered as middle Oxfordian. The lower Oxfordian position of the studied specimens was determined by ammonite and nannoplankton biostratigraphy and corresponds to the Cordatum ammonite Zone. This zone is well-documented by Boreal immigrant taxa, such as ammonite Cardioceras (C.) cordatum and nannoplankton Stephanolithion bigotii maximum. The studied specimens are the only fossil remains of N. muensteri known from this ammonite zone worldwide. The stratigraphic range of this species is extended based on teeth reported from France and Poland, and its first appearance is assigned to the Callovian/Oxfordian boundary. The paleobiogeographic distribution of N. muensteri indicates that this shark preferred shelf lagoon environments associated with nearby carbonate build-ups and islands. Its poor representation in neritic deposits could be a result of the relative fragility of its teeth.
PubDate: Wed, 26 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Palaeobiology and taphonomy of epizoans on orthoconic shells from the
Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany-
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Abstract:  Palaeobiology and taphonomy of epizoans on orthoconic shells from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, GermanyFranke, Teresa K. S.; Rust, Jes
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 1 - 43AbstractEpizoans on fossils of orthoconic cephalopods from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate have been examined to provide an insight into the palaeocommunity of the former ecosystem to obtain a better understanding of the interactions between these organisms and their taphonomic history. The most common epizoan appears to be a Favosites-like tabulate coral on 51 % of the orthoconic cephalopod specimens that encrusted the entire shells; here, a post-mortem settlement while the conch was lying on the seafloor seems most likely. Other tabulate corals, such as auloporids, rarely occur. Crinoids which complete adults, juveniles, and attachment structures are situated on the shells using it as an anchoring substrate. Also, ‘fenestellid bryozoans’ show a post-mortem encrustation. Dacryoconarids appear numerous on the examined bedding surfaces, but a fixed settlement cannot be identified. These organisms are interpreted as scavengers feeding on organic material during decay or randomly transporting it to these sites. Lingulate brachiopods and spiral tube worms rarely settled on the cephalopods of which the latter show gregarious settlement of different growth stages. Furthermore, paired pits on internal moulds resemble ”Opitzian Pits” known from the ammonoid Ivoites in the Hunsrück Slate and are interpreted as endoparasites.
PubDate: Sat, 17 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +000
- A new mud cricket species (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tridactyloidea:
Ripipterygidae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber in north Myanmar-
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Abstract:  A new mud cricket species (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tridactyloidea: Ripipterygidae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber in north MyanmarZhu, Xiuping; Li, Qijia; Xu, Chunpeng; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Fang, Yan; Zhang, Liyuan
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 45 - 54AbstractA new mud cricket species (Orthoptera: Tridactyloidea: Ripipterygidae), Archaicaripipteryx burmensis sp. nov., is described based on two well-preserved specimens from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. It can be distinguished from the type and only species Archaicaripipteryx rotunda Xu, Zhang & Jarzembowski, 2020 based on the following characteristics: interpupillary distance distinctly longer than the width of the compound eye; metatarsus forming triangular process apically without subapical denticular processes; ovipositor valves long and slender, length-width ratio about 7:1. The new finds provide novel information on early ripipterygids, suggesting an unexpected potential richness of Tridactyloidea in the Cretaceous. Additionally, a simple key to the modern and fossil genera and species of Ripipterygidae is provided.
PubDate: Sat, 17 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Cranial anatomy of Hypisodus minimus (Artiodactyla: Ruminantia) from the
Oligocene Brule Formation of North America-
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Abstract:  Cranial anatomy of Hypisodus minimus (Artiodactyla: Ruminantia) from the Oligocene Brule Formation of North AmericaKeppeler, Hannah; Schultz, Julia A.; Ruf, Irina; Martin, Thomas
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 55 - 92AbstractA µCT study of two skulls of the small ruminant Hypisodus minimus from the White River Group (Late Eocene to Late Oligocene) of western North America revealed the following remarkable features: (i) downwards and inwards curved nasal bones that meet at the median line and form a bony tube, (ii) big orbitae supported by a closed orbital bar consisting almost entirely of the os frontale, (iii) a pair of indeterminate canals inside the corpus ossis basisphenoidalis, running in ventro-dorsal direction, and (iv) heavily inflated bullae tympanicae with fused paracondylar processes. The bullae are separated by a narrow slit from each other and are not in contact, as stated earlier. Large bullae enhance low-frequency hearing as seen in burrowing mammals such as the extant caviomorph rodent Dolichotis. In the inner ear, a secondary crus commune is missing and the cochlea shows 2.44 coils. In one skull the maxilloturbinalia, one undefined turbinal and the ethmoid bone (comprising two ethmoturbinalia, two frontoturbinalia, lamina semicircularis, and lamina cribrosa), as well as the anterior part of the lamina horizontalis are preserved.
PubDate: Sat, 17 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Late Carboniferous insects from the Iberian Peninsula: State of the art
and new taxa-
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Abstract:  Late Carboniferous insects from the Iberian Peninsula: State of the art and new taxaSantos, Artai A.; Hernández-Orúe, Antonio; Wappler, Torsten; Peñalver, Enrique; Diez, José B.; Nel, André
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 1 - 27AbstractHere we present a state of the art of the Upper Carboniferous insects from the Iberian Peninsula, including new fossils of Panorthoptera (Archaeorthoptera), and of the orders Paoliida, Megasecoptera, and Palaeodictyoptera. These fossils are from Gzhelian deposits of different coalfields in León Province (Castilla y León, NW Spain). Among the insect orders, we have described the archaeorthopteran Hispanopteron romerali gen. et sp. nov., the Paoliida Simplexpaolia prokopi gen. et sp. nov., the megasecopterans Mischoptera bergidensis sp. nov. and Corydaloides leonensis sp. nov., in addition to an unnamed prothoracic winglet of palaeodictyopteran. The taxon Hispanopteron romerali is the sixth archaeorthopteran described or cited from the Iberian Peninsula, and increases the impressive diversity of the superorder. Simplexpaolia prokopi represents a new genus and species of latest Carboniferous Paoliidae and the first representative of this family in Spain. Corydaloides leonensis sp. nov. and Mischoptera bergidensis sp. nov. represent the second and third records of the order Megasecoptera in Spain, respectively, as well as the first specimens of the Corydaloididae and Mischopteridae families in the Iberian Peninsula. The deposition of these insect remains together with different fossils of plants, and the previously published evidence of diverse plant-insect interactions, suggest that the Gzhelian entomofauna found in the vegetation of these Carboniferous forests had already occupied numerous ecological niches under a tropical climate. In addition, we have carried out the review of all insect remains, and evidence of plant-insect interactions found so far from the Carboniferous of the Iberian Peninsula, observing a higher diversity than expected.
PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Iraqia ultima sp. nov. (Orbitolinidae) from a new succession encompassing
the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in SW Iran (Sarvak Formation, Zagros
Zone)-
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Abstract:  Iraqia ultima sp. nov. (Orbitolinidae) from a new succession encompassing the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in SW Iran (Sarvak Formation, Zagros Zone)Yazdi-Moghadam, Mohsen; Schlagintweit, Felix
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 29 - 48AbstractA new orbitolinid is described as Iraqia ultima sp. nov. (subfamily Dictyoconinae), from the middle Cenomanian of the Sarvak Formation, Zagros Zone, SW Iran. Comparisons to other dictyoconids from the Sarvak Formation (Persiconus sarvaki Yazdi-Moghadam & Schlagintweit, Orbitolinopsis cenomaniensis Schlagintweit & Yazdi-Moghadam) are discussed, and comments on the status of the type-material of the Lower-'mid-Cretaceous type-species Iraqia simplex Henson are provided. Iraqia ultima sp. nov. occurs in a foraminiferal wacke-/packstone associated with nezzazatids, alveolinids, chrysalidinids, and other orbitolinids. Iraqia ultima sp. nov. gives further evidence for the diversification phase of the Dictyoconinae during the Cenomanian, whilst at the same time the Orbitolininae were reduced in diversity, leading to an extinction that preceded that of the Dictyoconinae.
PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Scorpionflies (Mecoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of Myanmar
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Abstract:  Scorpionflies (Mecoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of MyanmarLiu, Yini; Zhao, Xiangdong; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Xiao, Chuantao
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 49 - 58AbstractScorpionflies (Mecoptera) are one of the minor orders of extant insects but were much more abundant in the past ecosystems. A brief review of Mecoptera recorded in the late Albian Kachin amber assemblages is provided herein. In the last decade, a total of 8 genera and 12 species organized in 6 families (Pseudopolycentropodidae, Meropeidae, Bittacidae, Aneuretopsychidae, Eomeropidae, and Orthophlebiidae) have been recorded in the amber, indicating that the mid-Cretaceous diversity of Mecoptera was higher than expected. The palaeodiversity, phylogeny, and palaeoecology of each family is summarized, providing significant fossil data to help unravel the evolutionary history of the Mecoptera.
PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Systematics of Middle Eocene Marine Mollusca and their assemblages from
the Kocaçay Formation in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin, Türkiye-
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Abstract:  Systematics of Middle Eocene Marine Mollusca and their assemblages from the Kocaçay Formation in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin, TürkiyeGürsoy, Müjde; Görmüş, Muhittin
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 59 - 149AbstractMolluscs are significant indicators for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in time and space. During the Eocene period, morphological characteristics of various mollusc assemblages are a clue to paleoenvironmental interpretations. The Çankırı-Çorum Paleogene basin in the central Anatolia includes thick beds of marine carbonate rocks with numerous Gastropoda and Bivalvia. Thirty-five species of gastropods and twenty-six species of bivalves were determined from the middle Eocene (Lutetian–'Bartonian) limestone and marly levels of the Kocaçay Formation. In the studied areas, four Abundance Biozones namely Ostrea roncaensis Velates perversus Miltha gigantean and Pycnodonte gigantica and three Community Biozones, Ostrea roncaensis–Campanile incomptum Pycnodonte gigantic–Crassatella gigantica Amaurellina spirata–Globularia sigaretina have been identified. During the middle Eocene time, mollusc fauna indicates deltaic to shallow marine paleoenvironments in the northern part of the basin (Bayat, Çorum), lagoon in the western part (Sulakyurt, Kırıkkale) and the centre of the basin (Sungurlu, Çorum) and shallow marine conditions in the southern part (Çiçekdağı, Kırşehir). The described fauna is endemic to the Mesogen or Tethys geography, spreading from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the island of Java in the east and from Crimea in the north to Central Africa in the south.
PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Ctenodactylid rodents (Rodentia, Ctenodactylidae) from the early Oligocene
Nanpoping fauna of Lanzhou Basin, Northwest China-
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Abstract:  Ctenodactylid rodents (Rodentia, Ctenodactylidae) from the early Oligocene Nanpoping fauna of Lanzhou Basin, Northwest ChinaLi, Zhaoyu; Mörs, Thomas; Zhang, Yunxiang; Xie, Kun; Li, Yongxiang
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 151 - 182AbstractCtenodactylid rodents prospered during the Paleogene in East and Central Asia, and due to their high diversification, they are important for biostratigraphic correlations. Here, we present new and diverse material from the late early Oligocene Nanpoping mammal fauna of the Lower Member of the Xianshuihe Formation from the Lanzhou Basin, Central China. Nine species – Tataromys plicidens Tataromys sigmodon Tataromys minor Yindirtemys ulantatalensis Yindirtemys shevyrevae Alashania tengkoliensis Karakoromys decessus, 'Euryodontomys ampliatus and Helanshania deserta – were recognized and described here in detail, the latter five species for the first time from early Oligocene Nanpoping fauna of the Lanzhou Basin. For the Lanzhou Basin, ctenodactylids show the maximum richness in the early Oligocene and have a comparatively high diversity compared with other contemporaneous faunas until the abrupt decline at the late Oligocene, with only Yindirtemys left. Ctenodactylid diversification in the early Oligocene may be related to the semi-arid climate with episodes of higher precipitation, and the following niche partitioning.
PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
- Upper Frasnian ammonoids (Tornoceratidae) from Büdesheim (Eifel
Mountains, Rhenish Massif, Germany)-
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Abstract:  Upper Frasnian ammonoids (Tornoceratidae) from Büdesheim (Eifel Mountains, Rhenish Massif, Germany)Söte, Till; Becker, Ralph Thomas
Palaeontographica Abteilung A, (2023), p. 1 - 67AbstractThe Frasnian ammonoid fauna from Büdesheim (Eifel Mountains, Rhenish Massif) has been collected and studied for nearly 200 years and has become world-famous. Unlike other cephalopod groups (orthocones, gephuroceratoids), its tornoceratids (Goniatitida, Tornoceratidae) have never been subject to a monographic study. A new fauna from the upper part of the Büdesheim Formation (Upper Devonian I-K, intra-Kellwasser level) yielded 681 tornoceratid specimens. This assemblage is investigated in terms of taxonomy and morphometry, jointly with previously uninvestigated collections from the type level of Büdesheim (Upper Devonian I-J, pre-Kellwasser interval). The Büdesheim fauna comprises 25 tornoceratid taxa from seven genera, including one new genus (Buedesheimites n. gen.), seven new species (Tornoceras ventrovaricatum n. sp., T. incisum n. sp., Linguatornoceras sandense n. sp., Ling. acutilobatum n. sp., Crassotornoceras tenue n. sp., Aulatornoceras beyrichi n. sp., Buedesheimites housei n. gen. & n. sp.), and several new local records of taxa. Long-known species are revised, partly by the designation of neotypes and by data on ontogenetic morphometry and variability. Our taxonomic analysis confirms an exceptionally high alpha diversity of tornoceratid ammonoids in the upper Frasnian, as known from the local gephuroceratoids. It is the highest on a global scale but this has to consider the bias of an unusually rich collection. The results underline that tornoceratids were only slightly harmed by the Lower Kellwasser Event and that the alpha diversity remained high until the Upper Kellwasser Event.
PubDate: Mon, 30 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +000
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