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Journal of the Early Republic
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.19  Number of Followers: 15  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 0275-1275 - ISSN (Online) 1553-0620 Published by Project MUSE  [305 journals]
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- "From the Works of Nature … to the Institutions of Man": How Political
Moderation Made Possible the Constitution's Ratification-
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Abstract: As 1787 drew to a close, the effort to win ratification of the Constitution was stalled, and its supporters had only themselves to blame. Federalists had pushed for the states to call for quick ratifying conventions, and by the end of the year four states had ratified with a fifth poised to do so. But all was not well. By rushing the process, attacking critics of the Constitution, refusing to allow amendments to be proposed, cutting off debate at some conventions, and preventing the objections of delegates from appearing in the official records, the Federalists were playing vicious political hardball. And they were overreaching. Their actions infuriated and emboldened their opponents, raised suspicions about ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- "If they send him off, I think I shall not long be safe myself":
Contesting Early American Citizenship in the Longchamps Affair,
1784–1786-
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Abstract: In May 1784, a fight erupted on the streets of Philadelphia, unexpectedly sparking a national debate on what it meant to be an American citizen. In the midst of a growing crowd, French migrant Charles Julien de Longchamps attacked the French Consul to the United States, François Barbé-Marbois. While details of the assault varied, newspapers reported that Longchamps was "inflamed with rage," and sought an "opportunity of avenging himself" against Marbois. Hours after the attack, the Minister of France, Anne-César de La Luzerne, demanded Longchamps be extradited to France to stand trial as a subject. In a letter to Pennsylvania's President John Dickinson, La Luzerne wrote, "I claim him as a Frenchman, that he be sent ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Equality and Corporal Punishment: Wage Labor's Crisis of Legitimation,
1795–1835-
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Abstract: In 1834 the fourteen-year-old employee of a Connecticut clock factory was "decoyed" to his employer's residence. Once there young Matthews was confronted by his stern-faced employer, Mr. Terry, brandishing a horsewhip. Without hesitation Terry "chastised" his surprised employee "severely." Each painful blow of the lash was a concrete and personal reminder of Matthews's subordinate status. Terry was determined to teach Matthews to respect and obey his superiors. Matthews, however, unwilling to accept or forget what he considered brutal and arbitrary punishment, sued Terry for assault. The Connecticut Supreme Court subsequently ruled against Terry, signaling the end of legally supported workplace corporal punishment ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Edward Livingston, Nullification, and Louisiana's Political Transformation
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Abstract: In the cold winter of 1832 and 1833, Andrew Jackson's administration squared off with the state of South Carolina, championed by John C. Calhoun, with the Union's fate hanging in the balance. Though the Nullification Crisis was not the first time state and federal authorities clashed over the issue of governing supremacy, it was the first in which the contest nearly came to blows. Following years of federal tariff-related indignation, the South Carolina legislature issued Calhoun's provocative Ordinance of Nullification asserting an extremist states'-rights position that emphasized paramount state sovereignty. By nullifying congressionally sanctioned tariff laws, the Palmetto State undermined the Union itself, and ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Misinformation Nation: Foreign News and the Politics of Truth in
Revolutionary America by Jordan E. Taylor (review)-
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Abstract: Misinformation Nation follows the ebbs and flows of transatlantic communication, starting with the imperial crisis of the 1760s, continuing through the American Revolution and the turbulent years of the early republic, and concluding with the 1798 Sedition Act. With an eye for detail and a flair for narrative, Jordan E. Taylor explores how foreign news spread throughout colonial America and the early United States.Taylor builds his book around the subject of citations, a choice that that should warm every historian's heart. He has plumbed the depths of Readex's America's Historical Newspapers to create a database of over 40,000 direct citations to foreign newspapers and news sources in colonial and early republic ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Women in George Washington's World ed. by Charlene M. Boyer Lewis and
George W. Boudreau (review)-
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Abstract: George Washington lived at the apex of a hierarchical world, and the women he encountered, whether family, friends, and other admirers or enslaved servants and other underlings, each had their place. Societal conventions related to gender, class, and race shaped his and their interactions. The nine essays comprising this volume are based on facts familiar to historians, if not the general public, but together they offer insight into a larger, collective truth about the founding era: Women were "competent and politically engaged members of the community and contributors to the success of America's revolutionary cause" (3).An introductory essay by Cynthia A. Kierner sets the tone for the volume. When President-elect ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Schools for Statesmen: The Divergent Educations of the Constitution's
Framers by Andrew H. Browning (review)-
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Abstract: Andrew Browning's book makes a simple argument: The educational backgrounds of the U.S. Constitution's framers influenced the positions each took during the 1787 Convention. This argument is a tough sell. Most recent work on the framing and ratification of the U.S. Constitution focuses on how slavery, regionalism, and other interests and experiences shaped constitutional politics. Browning argues instead that the Convention's central issues "were almost entirely matters of political philosophy" (28). It is therefore common sense to privilege the philosophical presuppositions of the Convention's delegates, which Browning reduces to their formal educations. Never mind that the delegates lived through a Revolution and ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Creek Internationalism in an Age of Revolution, 1763–1818 by James
L. Hill (review)-
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Abstract: James L. Hill's study of what he terms "Creek internationalism" is an important entry in the expansive and vibrant field of Muscogee (Creek) studies. Hill's volume is in dialogue with much of the field's recent literature interrogating the transformation of Muscogee governance in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. But, while Creek Internationalism shares these works' interest in Muscogee politics and statecraft, it differs in focus. While prior accounts have been rooted in the heartland of the Muscogee homelands in present-day Alabama, Hill focuses on the Apalachicola Basin; most of the book is grounded in present-day Florida, especially the Panhandle. Even then, this terrestrial focus is misleading ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- The Man Who Understood Democracy: The Life of Alexis De Tocqueville by
Olivier Zunz (review)-
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Abstract: The Man Who Understood Democracy is the culmination of a lifetime's study of Alexis de Tocqueville. Olivier Zunz has co-edited de Tocqueville's papers, written extensively on the man's life and work, and sponsored others' scholarship in the field. This is fully on display in this comprehensive, deeply researched, and incisive examination of de Tocqueville's life and his extensive writings, both private and public. Though often known only for his travelogue and examination of Jacksonian America, Democracy in America, de Tocqueville traveled a great deal; knew almost everyone of importance in France, Britain, and the United States; had a significant career in politics; and made a substantial contribution to ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Necropolis: Disease, Power, and Capitalism in the Cotton Kingdom by
Kathryn Olivarius (review)-
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Abstract: If, over the past few years, your students have expressed surprise that disease could be politicized, consider assigning Necropolis. Although it is certainly not the first book to demonstrate the politicization of disease, it is surely one of the most comprehensive and illuminating. Mining a wealth of sources, Kathryn Olivarius shows how a select group of white men in nineteenth-century New Orleans mobilized yellow fever for their own political power. For much of the century, this group of "oligarchs" (159) took advantage of the deadly disease to successfully increase their own social, economic, and political capital. Olivarius's analysis of personal correspondence, newspapers, medical manuals, magazines ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Replanting a Slave Society: The Sugar and Cotton Revolutions in the Lower
Mississippi Valley by Patrick Luck (review)-
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Abstract: Recently, the new history of capitalism literature has centered slavery within accounts of the antebellum economic ascendance of the United States, and argued that slavery itself during this period was capitalist in form and function. To be sure, this was a needed corrective to an earlier literature that conceptualized slavery as a feudal labor regime and one inherently at odds with an emergent industrial capitalism. If this literature has a weakness, however, it stems from its occasional tendency to treat second slavery as inherently more capitalistic than its predecessor, and to treat its development as a teleological process, preordained by the rational market-driven actions taken by planter elites. In ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Scars on the Land: An Environmental History of Slavery in the American
South by David Silkenat (review)-
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Abstract: Scholars have studied slavery's history in North America from many angles, ranging from regional histories centered on specific crops to broader works that explore gender, transatlantic connections, culture, and economics. David Silkenat's recent book explores slavery as environmental history. The book is based on the premise that for nearly two hundred years, "the environment fundamentally shaped American slavery, and slavery remade the southern landscape" (2). Southern historians have long been aware of the impacts of slavery on the landscape, dating back to Avery Craven's 1926 study of soil exhaustion in Virginia and Maryland; however, much of the scholarship has tended to take the form of agricultural rather ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- The Nature of Slavery: Environment and Plantation Labor in the
Anglo–Atlantic World by Katherine Johnston (review)-
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Abstract: In 1789, during Parliamentary hearings on the transatlantic slave trade, British officials grilled the Jamaican enslaver and plantation manager Simon Taylor about whether white people could work in the Caribbean climate. Taylor said that every attempt he had known of had failed: "I never saw a plough going in my life held by a white man an hour, neither did I ever know a ploughman keep his health, but have known two or three go mad." Taylor was playing to what was quickly becoming an accepted scientific fact throughout the Anglo–American world: that white bodies could not withstand tropical climates, while only Black bodies could. Yet as Katherine Johnston shows in her outstanding new book, The Nature of Slavery ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- The Education of Betsey Stockton: An Odyssey of Slavery and Freedom by
Gregory Nobles (review)-
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Abstract: Gregory Nobles's latest book explores the life of Betsey Stockton, a Black woman who lived through the early republic, antebellum, and Civil War eras. She was born a slave and was freed as a teenager, going on to work as a Protestant missionary in Hawai'i before becoming an educator and significant figure within Black communities in Philadelphia and then Princeton. Her story touches upon a variety of historical themes, the central of which are race and racism, religion and colonialism, and slavery and abolition. Nobles discusses these themes through eight chapters that reveal how tirelessly Stockton worked to uplift her community and push for progressive change in the United States.The book's thesis is that Black ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Bonds of Womanhood: Slavery and the Decline of a Kentucky Plantation by
Susanna Delfino (review)-
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Abstract: Susanna Delfino has written a concise and insightful book that maps the life of Susanna (Susan) Preston Shelby Grigsby (1830–1891) within the context of broad economic and social changes in both the state of Kentucky and the wider United States of America. Written in eloquent, enthusiastic, and passionate prose, Delfino seeks to illuminate many complexities in the lives of white women enslavers as they strove to adjust to a modernizing world and their new, often reduced status within it, especially by the postbellum era. At one level Bonds of Womanhood reads very much like a conventional, traditional biography. However, the book achieves much more than this through Delfino's impressive research at the intersection ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in
Nineteenth-Century America by Felicity M. Turner (review)-
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Abstract: In Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America, Felicity M. Turner offers a fascinating analysis of infanticide cases in order to tease out the relationship between "knowledge, medicine, and law" in regards to women's bodies (9). In her masterful work, Turner explores these cases—most from Connecticut and North Carolina—to answer the question of "how knowledge about all human bodies came to be largely controlled by particular men, namely white men with particular types of medical degrees" (7). In doing so, Turner offers an important addition to our understanding of both the process of medical professionalization and the ways in which bodily knowledge became a kind of ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Dangerous Ground: Squatters, Statesmen, and the Antebellum Rupture of
American Democracy by John Suval (review)-
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Abstract: Teach the first half of the United States survey course, and you are bound to mention "manifest destiny," "free soil," and "popular sovereignty" in your late-semester lectures. Those terms turn students' attention toward the fracturing forces generated by continental expansion in a nation half slave and half free and lay the groundwork for discussions of secession and the Civil War. It is less likely that a more obscure term, squatter sovereignty, would show up in those lectures, although you might mention that the settlers who plunged Kansas into civil war in 1856 were competing sets of squatters with decidedly different visions of the West. John Suval begins his book with Bleeding Kansas and the violent contest ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Gray Gold: Lead Mining and Its Impact on the Natural and Cultural
Environment, 1700–1840 by Mark C. Chambers (review)-
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Abstract: When Father Jacques Gravier traveled south through le pays de Illinois in 1700, the Jesuit missionary did not discover, as he claimed, the rich lead deposits that lay near the Kaskaskia village where the French would soon establish an outpost. Tamaroa guides showed him the lead-mining country that lay across the Mississippi, up the Meramec River and over trails in present-day Missouri. Illinois Confederation peoples had longstanding ways of extracting, processing, and using the veins of galena that ran beneath the soil. What followed from this conjuncture of Indigenous practices and colonial settlement, Mark Chambers explains, was the development of a mining culture "amalgam," as French and Kaskaskia miners lived ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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- Under the Skin: Tattoos, Scalps, and the Contested Language of Bodies in
Early America by Mairin Odle (review)-
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Abstract: Mairin Odle's Under the Skin explores the tattooing and scalping practices of Native Americans in early America as processes of cross-cultural exchange. By focusing on how Euro American understandings of these practices changed their meanings and uses, Odle writes a history of colonial cultural interactions as well as the human body as a "discursive construction" and a "tangible object" (8) of colonization. These body modifications became cultural engagements between Native Americans and Euro American colonists. White settlers sought to understand and interpret tattooing and scalping practices within a western ideological framework, while Native peoples simultaneously altered these practices as a result of ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-08-31T00:00:00-05:00
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