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Hipertext.net : Anuario Académico sobre Documentación Digital y Comunicación Interactiva
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1695-5498
Published by Universitat Pompeu Fabra

[3 journals]

The impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on the discipline of
communication
- Authors: Frederic Guerrero-Solé, Coloma Ballester
  Pages: 1 - 9
  Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made a radical breakthrough in the field of communication. From the release of Stability. ai’s Stable Diffusion text-to-image program code and the popularization of other similar programs such as OpenAI’s Dall-e, or MidJourney, to the development of editing tools such as Runway, sound creation tools such as Harmonai, or text and dialog creation tools such as GPT-3/4 and its most popular form, ChatGPT, the world of communication has experienced an intense shake-up, both at the academic and professional levels. There are many open debates about how AI will impact the future of audiovisual creation and production. This letters’ monography aims to bring together the works of communication researchers who address the debate on how AI is transforming all aspects of digital content creation.
  PubDate: 2023-05-25
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.01
ChatGPT: discussion in Russian academia and media
- Authors: Anna Sibagatulina
  Pages: 11 - 16
  Abstract: The recent news of a Russian student successfully defending his Bachelor’s thesis written by ChatGPT has sparked a debate in academia about using artificial intelligence (AI) in educational processes. A Russian student posted on Twitte the whole story describing his experience and the steps he followed to create a thesis in 23 hours. This case encouraged academia to discuss ChatGPT’s usage in educational processes widely. Professors and teachers tend to present two opposite ideas: to ban and exclude ChatGPT from academia or to use it for educational purposes. The article deals with these two sides and includes qualitative and quantitative content analyses of Russian media publications on this issue.
  
  PubDate: 2023-05-25
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.02
ChatGPT and scientific communication: towards the use of Artificial
Intelligence that is as useful as it is responsible
- Authors: Carlos Lopezosa
  Pages: 17 - 21
  Abstract: This paper presents considerations for a useful and responsible use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in scientific communication. We focus on the use of ChatGPT, a language model developed by the company OpenAI that uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques to generate coherent and natural real-time responses. This article describes how this artificial intelligence may be changing the way science is conducted, and more specifically, how it may affect at least some research designs, data collection, and scientific article writing. Opportunities, challenges, and limitations of applying ChatGPT as a tool for research methods are identified through existing examples. Finally, practical recommendations are provided, focused on honest, integral, and transparent use of AI. Additionally, it is advocated that researchers support these principles by relying on both ethics and critical thinking.
  PubDate: 2023-05-25
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.03
What I learned interviewing a robot. Notes on the experimental application
of the EIAF methodology using the ChatGPT artificial intelligence tool
- Authors: Márcio Carneiro dos Santos
  Pages: 23 - 29
  Abstract: This paper describes the EIAF (Exploratory Interview for Assessing Functionalities) methodology and proposes how communication researchers could use it to study characteristics or analyze texts created by generative artificial intelligence algorithms. To do this, an in-depth interview in portuguese, was conducted with the ChatGPT conversation tool, developed by OPENAI. A set of specific categories were developed: self-identification, uses and limitations, validation tests, additional experimentation and metrics, transparency, structuring, precision, variety and updating, all of which were used in the experiment to test the proposed methodology. The experiment showed that despite being correct and well-structured, the code-produced texts needed human revision, essential especially for material that deals with facts and objective data.
  PubDate: 2023-05-24
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.04
A paradoxical link: audiovisual narratives generated by artificial
intelligence, between pastiche and cancellation of the futures
- Authors: Santiago López Delacruz
  Pages: 31 - 35
  Abstract: This article reflects on the popular uses of various audiovisual narratives generated by artificial intelligence in the contemporary digital ecosystem marked by media convergence and participatory culture. Reviewing examples from audiovisual consumption platforms such as YouTube and Twitch, and from social networks such as Twitter, the objective is to describe how audiovisual narratives based on artificial intelligence have a paradoxical link, being recognized as pastiches that recreate the idea of the cancellation of the future. Limiting itself to the intertextual imitation of visual styles from previous decades, consecrated in cinema and television, the analyzed contents do not make innovations from language and audiovisual narration, but are framed in a combination of aesthetics that refer to a retro cultural past and nostalgic without any kind of critical purpose. From this curious link, based solely on the copy of previous cultural artifacts, these popular narratives abandon the promise of innovation and novelty of artificial intelligence, settling in a space of significance that resorts to imitation of the past as aesthetics of current digital consumption.
  PubDate: 2023-05-26
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.05
The future of visual literacy: Assessing artificial intelligence generated
image detection
- Authors: Sergio Gutiérrez Manjón, Bruno Castillejo De Hoces
  Pages: 37 - 46
  Abstract: The increasing use of artificial intelligence and its generation of images has had a significant impact on our communicative practices. This way of relating to images requires a series of competencies associated with visual literacy. This study analyses the competence of people to detect images created by algorithms using Stable Diffusion. A comparative study was conducted with 132 individuals, selected by discretionary sampling according to their familiarity with J.R.R. Tolkien's transmedia universe, to determine whether their prior knowledge of the imagery of an image condition their ability to detect its origin. The results show that those under 25 possess better visual literacy skills, regardless of their familiarity with the image. It is concluded that there is a need to improve the visual literacy of those over 25 years of age so that they can identify and critically evaluate this type of images, especially in cases of misuse.
  PubDate: 2023-05-24
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.06
Self-effects in AI-mediated communication
- Authors: Àlex Valverde Valencia
  Pages: 47 - 52
  Abstract: The irruption of generative Artificial Intelligence, along with changes in content production and consumption models, sets the stage for the in-depth exploration of a specific field of media studies: self-effects. Defined as the cognitive, emotional, attitudinal or behavioral effects that messages have on the senders themselves (Valkenburg, 2017), this article aims to highlight the importance of studying such effects in AI-mediated communication (AI-MC) and content co-creation processes between AIs and humans with potential implications for digital wellbeing. First, the concept of Artificial Intelligence is narrowed down and its role in communication processes is discussed. Subsequently, the particularities of self-effects in AI-mediated communication are highlighted and the most important notions provided by current research on self-effects are stated for their application to AI-MC. Finally, the article discusses an important challenge presented by this field of study as well as some opportunities related to digital wellbeing and health in order to assess some potential social benefits of studying this type of effects.
  PubDate: 2023-05-24
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.07
Toward a New Dimension in Film Editing: Exploring the Possibilities of
Artificial Intelligence
- Authors: Jorge Caballero
  Pages: 53 - 58
  Abstract: Film editing is an essential process in movie creation that allows manipulation of time, space, and image composition to shape a cinematic narrative. With the emergence of deep learning models and artificial intelligence (AI), new possibilities of exploration arise in film editing, significantly transforming editing processes and proposing novel methodologies of work. This article examines how the implementation of AI-based systems can automate processes, improve efficiency in film production, and open new avenues for experimentation and artistic creation. Case studies in understanding and generating audiovisual content are explored, such as Adobe’s experimental Blink project, the photogenic moment video generation project, and the latent space editing proposal. Furthermore, the incorporation of generous interfaces is discussed for enabling more intuitive and natural interaction with audiovisual material within the realm of film editing. Lastly, the potential of automatic video generation models, such as Google’s Phenaki and Runway’s Gen, is examined for expanding the logic of editing towards generative practices and creating missing or relevant content for audiovisual works.
  PubDate: 2023-05-26
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.08
Algorithmic mediatization: "the programming effect"
- Authors: Mariano Zelcer
  Pages: 59 - 63
  Abstract: In sound and audiovisual streaming platforms –such as Spotify or YouTube– there are some functions based on machine learning Artificial Intelligence systems that generate a personalized selection of items that are played one after the other with no need of user interaction. In these cases, a flow of the audiovisual image (or musical audio, or podcasts) unfolds. This flow evokes, in some way, the phenomenon of mass media programming: in a way similar to the one we met in radio or television, a flow of content appears again in which the decision of what will be seen and in what order is on the broadcast/production side. Although this programming has several differences with that of the mass media, in these operations there seems to be a backwards movement: if the platforms originally appeared as the option for each person to decide what they want to consume, in these cases, the platforms again offer us to choose for ourselves, as if the programming of consumption were once again delegated to production, just as it happened in the heyday of the mass media.
  PubDate: 2023-05-25
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.09
Auditing Artificial Intelligence as a New Layer of Mediation: Introduction
of a new black box to address another black box
- Authors: Cheshta Arora, Debarun Sarkar
  Pages: 65 - 68
  Abstract: The discourse of auditing artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a field of applied AI ethics to address the problems of fairness, bias, and accountability of AI systems. The injunction of auditing AI assumes and proposes an expert figure of an auditor to address the black box problematic of AI. Contrary to this, the text argues that the figure of an expert auditor installs another layer of mediation. This layer of mediation introduces another black box –the auditor, auditing practices and professional scepticism- to address the existing black box problematic. The text argues that it is important to radically interrogate the need or the efficacy of the figure of an expert AI auditor to whom all users of an AI system delegate their representation. The introduction of audit cultures in the AI ecosystem risks foreclosing future debates on AI and its relationship with humans and other non-humans and risks reducing the problem again to a technical one.
  PubDate: 2023-05-26
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.10
Merging or plagiarizing' The role of originality and derivative works in
AI-aimed news production
- Authors: Javier Díaz Noci
  Pages: 69 - 76
  Abstract: The emergence of artificial intelligence systems applied to news production raises a series of legal questions that we examine in this short article. The central concept is, in our opinion, that of originality and creativity, legal requirements for attributing authorship and setting in motion the mechanisms of legal protection for a work, be it simple or collaborative, or even composite. The type of work that raises most questions is the derivative work, obtained from the transformation of pre-existing work(s), whose rights of authorship and economic exploitation must be respected at all times. The practices of learning systems based on artificial intelligence, which explicitly recognise that they rely on a wide variety of works protected by copyright, pose many doubts, and are not clearly able to benefit from the fair use exception, which, moreover, is only applicable to works produced in Common law jurisdictions, but not in other countries with an authorial system of intellectual property protection.
  PubDate: 2023-05-25
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.11
A matter of meaning, life and death. Text, AI and the human condition
- Authors: Matteo Stocchetti
  Pages: 77 - 81
  Abstract: The main reason for concerns about the social impact of AI textual functions relate not primarily to the labour market or education, but to the political economy of meaning. The starting point of this critique is the analysis of ‘artificial intelligence’ as a metaphor that hide and mystifies fundamental differences between human and AI textual functions. This metaphor reduces intelligence to its computational and instrumental aspects and establishes instrumental rationality as a normative model for human intelligence. Contra these implications, I argue the case for the revaluation of meaning-making and textual functions of intelligence as an adaptive response to the problem of death which is uniquely human. These functions are politically relevant because human texts are the tools for the transformation of the subjective experience of life and death into the intersubjective sense of reality. To delegate these functions to advanced forms of computational technology is tempting but risky because the expurgation of subjectivity and, more broadly, the suppression of the dilemmas constituting the human conditions, weakens fundamental evolutionary competences, enhance the oppressive potential of instrumental reason and leads to the unfreedom of the post-political condition.
  PubDate: 2023-05-26
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.12
Bimodal teaching in times of pandemic. Interim solution and challenge for
the future in higher education
- Authors: Terese Mendiguren Galdospin, Koldobika Meso Ayerdi, Jesús Ángel Pérez Dasilva, María Ganzabal Learreta
  Pages: 83 - 92
  Abstract: This research focuses on the communication lecturers´experiences about bimodal education in the University of the Basque Country. This teaching strategy aims to reduce the flow of students in classrooms, while ensuring the supply of face-to-face classes. Half of the people enrolled connect to class from their homes, while the other half attend the classroom in person. These shifts alternate weekly. The objective of the study is to analyze the difficulties, errors and successes in adapting teaching to the context of bimodal teaching. A qualitative methodology has been chosen, divided into two phases of action. In the first place, a Focus Group was carried out with teachers of the three communication degrees and later a survey was made that was sent by those who teach their classes in a bimodal way. This type of teaching aims to be a hybrid between the face-to-face and the virtual strategy, and to obtain the benefits of both. However, maintaining the two focuses of attention and meeting the needs that arise in both contexts is a difficult challenge. There is a high degree of concern for issues related to the adaptation of subjects to this type of teaching, and mainly, for the loss of interaction with students.
  PubDate: 2023-05-23
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.13
Interface design and transmedia ideals, logics, and values in pandemic
- Authors: Ana Serrano Tellería
  Pages: 93 - 104
  Abstract: In this proposal, we would like to defend how the interface design combined with transmedia ideals, logics and values respond to the challenges, demands, challenges and needs detected in the Hybrid (Chadwick, 2013) and the Liquid Media System (Serrano-Tellería, 2020). Thus, reviewing a brief examination of recent theories of news production and consumption, this proposal describes the transmedia ideals, logics, and values for journalism, and explores how transmedia storytelling addresses the need to ensure the continued relevance of journalism. We test the ideals, logics and values and refine the evolving features and strategies employed by legacy media internationally through case study analysis, complemented with interviews with transmedia producers and previous works carried on within NewsNet research project (2019-2023).
  PubDate: 2023-05-26
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.14
Brief overview of research and studies on digital social networks for
socio-affective encounters and their theoretical and methodological
approach to feminist and gender studies.
- Authors: Lénica Rodríguez Cruz Manjarrez
  Pages: 105 - 119
  Abstract: In this article we present a brief overview and analysis of some academic and popular research and studies that allow us to identify, both theoretically and methodologically, the evolution of the digital social networks (DSN) dedicated to socio-affective encounters between people, as well as their approach to feminist and gender studies. The review and analysis of the aforementioned academic literature allowed us to see that DSNs, such as Tinder, are still fertile ground for social analysis, in particular the mechanisms of influence in their use by thousands or millions of people around the
  world, and that, from the contributions of feminism and gender studies, it is necessary to encourage and open paths towards new research to further understand the way in which technological mediation by DSNs participate in the ideological production of normative discourses on the sex-gender system.
  PubDate: 2023-05-26
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.15
The Impact of Influencers on Journalism: A Case Study and Characterization
- Authors: Fuensanta Expósito García, Magdalena Trillo Domínguez
  Pages: 121 - 134
  Abstract: The digital media landscape has imposed a new way of informing and interacting with audiences: language, content, and audiovisual narratives are prioritized; live streaming and direct communication are marking the most successful communication projects, while also proving to be effective methods for reaching new audiences, increasingly disconnected from traditional media. In parallel, new professional profiles are emerging, questioning the prescriptive role of journalists, developing their own communication style, and being able to create a community in the field of social media. In this work, we approach and characterize influencers from an original and positive perspective, as a spearhead in the communicative evolution towards audiovisual and transmedia, and delve into the profile of the so-called inforluencer. To do this, we use the case study of professionals Ibai Llanos and Ángel Martín, exploring the extent to which they can serve as a reference for journalists interested in project their digital identity and brand as content creators
  PubDate: 2023-05-23
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.16
The adaptation of traditional Spanish media to Instagram format
- Authors: Celia Sancho Belinchón
  Pages: 135 - 148
  Abstract: It is well known how mass media usually modify their layouts and contents when they use their social media channels, such as Instagram, to post the News. Accordingly, research is needed to verify this claim and evaluate the way they adapt their contents to this popular social network in order to reach their audience. To this end, we will analyse and compare the posts content published on Instagram by nine traditional mass media over 100.000 followers within the 1st Semester of 2022. For this purpose, we have selected three newspapers, three radio stations and three television stations of Spain. This research allows us to confirm that the nine tested media adapt their content to Instagram format. Therefore, we can conclude that the media modify the way they report when they use social networks instead of their website.
  PubDate: 2023-05-24
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.17
Romantic genre in video games beyond eastern productions
- Authors: Mireya Vicent-Ibáñez
  Pages: 149 - 157
  Abstract: Romance genre is present in all forms of entertainment due to its ability to appeal to common feelings and emotions, regardless of social and cultural differences. In the research presented here, the focus has been put on the romance genre in video games. There seems to be a significant interest in this type of creations from the academic perspective, but this interest is lacking. Most of the research that has been carried out on this genre of video games, has focused on video games developed in Asia, known as Otome. However, outside of games developed in the East, the romance genre has been largely overlooked to the point of denying its existence. This research seeks to revindicate these forgotten creations through the analysis of a specific case study Choices: Stories you play. Through the application of content analysis, and drawing from the characteristic elements of romantic literature, this research demonstrates that the selected video game belongs to the romantic genre, proving that this type of video game is not exclusively Oriental.
  PubDate: 2023-05-24
  DOI: 10.31009/hipertext.net.2023.i26.18