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Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics
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ISSN (Online) 2504-0537
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Editorial: Quality and quantity in research assessment: examining the
merits of metrics, volume II
- Authors: Maziar Montazerian, Najmeh Shaghaei, Thea Marie Drachen, Bertil Fabricius Dorch
  PubDate: 2024-03-26T00:00:00Z
Editorial: Text mining-based mental health research
- Authors: Tehmina Amjad, Tatsawan Timakum, Qing Xie, Min Song
  PubDate: 2024-03-22T00:00:00Z
Operational tolerance research in liver transplantation: a bibliometric
analysis using a new web resource|Background|Methods|Results|Conclusion
- Authors: Ángel Esteban-Gil, Juan José Martínez-García, Daniel Vidal-Correoso, Ana M. Muñoz-Morales, Pablo Ramírez, José Antonio Pons, Alberto Baroja-Mazo
  Abstract: BackgroundOperational tolerance in liver transplantation (OT-LT), defined as the graft survival with normal function in absence of immunosuppression, has been a field of intense research since the 1980s. Thereafter, tens of clinical trials and hundreds of articles have been published, making it challenging for researchers to assimilate all the information, more so outside of their disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyze the research in OT-LT through a new web tool (https://tolerance.imib.es).MethodsWe have developed a web resource that allowed the identification of the present trends and potential research avenues in OL-LT, an overview biomedical terms that were most often cited, including which journals published the most articles, and an advanced search engine that exploited all the information in these publications.ResultsA total of 734 studies were analyzed until November 2023, with a mean of 15 articles published per year, a total sum of 3,751 impact factor points and a total of 26,542 citations. The analysis of citations allowed us to establish a ranking of the most prolific countries, authors, journals and institutions, in addition to the most influential publications in OT-LT. Likewise, keyword and co-occurrence analyses answered which themes involving OT-LT are the most popular, whereas cooperation analysis showed that principal authors in OT-LT form a network, although the lack of international cooperation, especially with regard to clinical trials, appears to be one of the main challenges.ConclusionDespite its limitations, our web tool will allow both OT-LT expert and novel researchers to be able to draw a comprehensive picture of the past, present and future of OT-LT research.
  PubDate: 2024-03-14T00:00:00Z
Digital twins in sustainable transition: exploring the role of EU data
governance|Introduction|Methods|Results
- Authors: Beatrice Garske, Wilmont Holz, Felix Ekardt
  Abstract: IntroductionDigital twins can accelerate sustainable development by leveraging big data and artificial intelligence to simulate state, reactions and potential developments of physical systems. In doing so, they can create a comprehensive basis for data-driven policy decisions. One of the purposes of digital twins is to facilitate the implementation of the EU's Green Deal-in line with internationally binding climate and environmental targets. One prerequisite for the success of digital twins is a comprehensive, high-quality database. This requires a suitable legal framework that ensures access to such data.MethodsApplying a qualitative governance analysis, the following article examines if the EU's strategies and legal acts on data governance are paving the way for digital twin projects which promote sustainability.ResultsResults show important starting points for open and fair data use within the growing field of EU digital law. However, there is still a lot of progress to be made to legally link the use of digital twins with binding sustainability objectives.
  PubDate: 2024-03-07T00:00:00Z
There are alternatives. Models for sustainable employment structures in
the German system of higher education
- Authors: Mathias Kuhnt, Peter Müßig, Tilman Reitz
  Abstract: The German system of higher education and public research is characterized by a high rate of temporary contracts with short contract durations and a nearly complete absence of structured career options. About 82% of employees not holding a full professorship have fixed-term contracts, with an average contract period of 20 months. This is facilitated by a special fixed-term employment law (Wissenschaftszeitvertragsgesetz) which universities and other public research institutions have stretched to its limits. Against the background of a survey which we conducted in 2021 and whose results once more demonstrate the shortcomings of this system, we discuss alternative options in the form of model calculations. We propose a reform of employment structures and career paths that could improve not only personal working conditions but also ensure the quality of research and teaching in German academia. By quantitative comparison with the current employment situation, our model calculation demonstrates that plannable career decisions can be enabled at an early stage without changing budgets or teaching duties. We also show that the counter argument of a “congestion” of positions is not substantiated, and that young scholars will still have the opportunity to start a career in the reformed system, while the total number of employees can be kept nearly constant.
  PubDate: 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z
Cascaded Semantic Fractionation for identifying a domain in social media
- Authors: James Danowski, Ken Riopelle, Bei Yan
  Abstract: Searching social media to find relevant semantic domains often results in large text files, many of which are irrelevant due to cross-domain content resulting from word polysemy, abstractness, and degree centrality. Through an iterative pruning process, Cascaded Semantic Fractionation (CSF) systematically removes these cross-domain links. The social network procedure performs community detection in semantic networks, locates the semantic groups containing the terms of interest, excludes intergroup links, and repeats community detection on the pruned intragroup network until the domain of interest is clarified. To illustrate CSF, we analyzed public Facebook posts, using the CrowdTangle app for historical data search, from February 3, 2020, to March 13, 2021, about the possible Wuhan lab leak of COVID-19 over a daily interval. The initial search using keywords located six multi-day bursts of posts of more than 500 per day among 95 K posts. These posts were network analyzed to find the domain of interest using the iterative community detection and pruning process. CSF can be applied to capture the evolutions in semantic domains over time. At the outset, the lab leak theory was presented in conspiracy theory terms. Over time, the conspiratorial elements washed out in favor of an accidental release as the issue moved from social to mainstream media and official government views. CSF identified the relevant social media semantic domain and tracked its changes.
  PubDate: 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z
Assessment of search strategies in Medline to identify studies on the
impact of long COVID on workability|Objectives|Methods|Results|Conclusions
- Authors: Jean-François Gehanno, Isabelle Thaon, Carole Pelissier, Laetitia Rollin
  Abstract: ObjectivesStudies on the impact of long COVID on work capacity are increasing but are difficult to locate in bibliographic databases, due to the heterogeneity of the terms used to describe this new condition and its consequences. This study aims to report on the effectiveness of different search strategies to find studies on the impact of long COVID on work participation in PubMed and to create validated search strings.MethodsWe searched PubMed for articles published on Long COVID and including information about work. Relevant articles were identified and their reference lists were screened. Occupational health journals were manually scanned to identify articles that could have been missed. A total of 885 articles potentially relevant were collected and 120 were finally included in a gold standard database. Recall, Precision, and Number Needed to Read (NNR) of various keywords or combinations of keywords were assessed.ResultsOverall, 123 search-words alone or in combination were tested. The highest Recalls with a single MeSH term or textword were 23 and 90%, respectively. Two different search strings were developed, one optimizing Recall while keeping Precision acceptable (Recall 98.3%, Precision 15.9%, NNR 6.3) and one optimizing Precision while keeping Recall acceptable (Recall 90.8%, Precision 26.1%, NNR 3.8).ConclusionsNo single MeSH term allows to find all relevant studies on the impact of long COVID on work ability in PubMed. The use of various MeSH and non-MeSH terms in combination is required to recover such studies without being overwhelmed by irrelevant articles.
  PubDate: 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z
Scholar Metrics Scraper (SMS): automated retrieval of citation and author
data
- Authors: Yutong Cao, Nicole A. Cheung, Dean Giustini, Jeffrey LeDue, Timothy H. Murphy
  Abstract: Academic departments, research clusters and evaluators analyze author and citation data to measure research impact and to support strategic planning. We created Scholar Metrics Scraper (SMS) to automate the retrieval of bibliometric data for a group of researchers. The project contains Jupyter notebooks that take a list of researchers as an input and exports a CSV file of citation metrics from Google Scholar (GS) to visualize the group's impact and collaboration. A series of graph outputs are also available. SMS is an open solution for automating the retrieval and visualization of citation data.
  PubDate: 2024-02-22T00:00:00Z
Editorial bullying: an exploration of acts impacting publication ethics
and related environment
- Authors: Fawad Javed, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis, P. Emile Rossouw
  Abstract: Bullying and misconduct in the realm of scientific and scholarly publishing have the potential to jeopardize the transparency and integrity of academic discourse. While misconduct issues among authors have been extensively discussed, the role of editors in perpetuating or mitigating such problems has garnered less attention. Scientific publishing serves as the gateway for disseminating innovative research findings globally, and the role of editors, especially Editor/s-in-chief, is pivotal in safeguarding the rigor and credibility of published research. Editor bullying and misconduct involve behaviors that undermine the scientific process, compromise research integrity, and harm the careers and wellbeing of individuals. These actions may manifest as biased decision-making, suppression of dissenting voices, or the exploitation of power dynamics in the peer review process. To address these issues, preventive and therapeutic approaches are suggested, including enhancing awareness, recognizing and mitigating exacerbating factors, and upholding professionalism. Moreover, the importance of a conflict-of-interest declaration for editors is highlighted to ensure transparency and integrity in the editorial process. The present mini-review aims to shed light on editor bullying, illuminating its gravity and the urgency to address these issues within the academic publishing domain/s. This review underscores the more subtle, yet equally significant, issue of professional misconduct in the editorial realm of scientific journals.
  PubDate: 2024-02-21T00:00:00Z
Enhancing organizational processes for service innovation: strategic
organizational counseling and organizational network analysis
- Authors: Silvia Marocco, Mara Marini, Alessandra Talamo
  Abstract: Previous studies have primarily focused on product innovation, overlooking the examination of organizational processes. This limited perspective poses a theoretical and practical gap as it primarily considers the external aspects of innovation. On the contrary, organizational processes play a crucial role in improving and creating internal operations necessary for product/service innovation success. To this aim, this paper presents a novel approach to enhancing service innovation within complex organizations by integrating Strategic Organizational Counseling (SOC) and Organizational Network Analysis (ONA) methodologies. More specifically, SOC supports organizations in understanding and defining the professional families that need to be triggered in the service ideation, delivery and commercialization process, especially in the case of complex organizations with multiple departments. Secondly, ONA enables the identification of the intra-organizational nodes within the professional families that, due to their social position and other personal characteristics, can be actively engaged as Ambassadors for the promotion of innovation practices. By focusing on intra-organizational processes, understanding role-related needs, and selecting influential organizational actors, this approach provides a new perspective on the service innovation process, assuming both a micro and macro viewpoint. The paper also highlights the importance of cyclically monitoring the proposed workflow to adapt to the dynamic nature of innovation.
  PubDate: 2024-01-29T00:00:00Z
Psychometric properties of the TACT framework—Determining rigor in
qualitative research|Introduction|Methods|Results|Discussion|Conclusion
- Authors: Ben Kei Daniel, Mustafa Asil, Sarah Carr
  Abstract: IntroductionThe credibility of qualitative research has long been debated, with critics emphasizing the lack of rigor and the challenges of demonstrating it. In qualitative research, rigor encompasses explicit, detailed descriptions of various research stages, including problem framing, study design, data collection, analysis, and reporting. The diversity inherent in qualitative research, originating from various beliefs and paradigms, challenges establishing universal guidelines for determining its rigor. Additionally, researchers' often unrecorded thought processes in qualitative studies further complicate the assessment of research quality.MethodsTo address these concerns, this article builds on the TACT framework, which was developed to teach postgraduate students and those new to qualitative research to identify and apply rigorous principles and indicators in qualitative research. The research reported in this article focuses on creating a scale designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TACT framework. This involves analyzing the stability of its dimensions and understanding its effectiveness as a tool for teaching and research.ResultsThe study's findings indicate that the TACT framework, when assessed through the newly developed scale, exhibits stable dimensions consistent with rigorous qualitative research principles. The framework effectively guides postgraduate students and new researchers in assessing the rigor of qualitative research processes and outcomes.DiscussionThe application of the TACT framework and its evaluation scale reveals several insights. Firstly, it demonstrates the framework's utility in bridging the gap in pedagogical tools for teaching rigor in qualitative research methods. Secondly, it highlights the framework's potential in providing a structured approach to undertaking qualitative research, which is essential given this field's diverse methodologies and paradigms. However, the TACT framework remains a guide to enhancing rigor in qualitative research throughout all the various phases but by no means a measure of rigor.ConclusionIn conclusion, the TACT framework and its accompanying evaluative scale represent significant steps toward standardizing and enhancing the rigor of qualitative research, particularly for postgraduate students and early career researchers. While it does not solve all challenges associated with obtaining and demonstrating rigor in qualitative research, it provides a valuable tool for assessing and ensuring research quality, thereby addressing some of the longstanding criticisms of the quality of research obtained through qualitative methods.
  PubDate: 2024-01-08T00:00:00Z
Appraising systematic reviews: a comprehensive guide to ensuring validity
and reliability
- Authors: Nour Shaheen, Ahmed Shaheen, Alaa Ramadan, Mahmoud Tarek Hefnawy, Abdelraouf Ramadan, Ismail A. Ibrahim, Maged Elsayed Hassanein, Mohamed E. Ashour, Oliver Flouty
  Abstract: Systematic reviews play a crucial role in evidence-based practices as they consolidate research findings to inform decision-making. However, it is essential to assess the quality of systematic reviews to prevent biased or inaccurate conclusions. This paper underscores the importance of adhering to recognized guidelines, such as the PRISMA statement and Cochrane Handbook. These recommendations advocate for systematic approaches and emphasize the documentation of critical components, including the search strategy and study selection. A thorough evaluation of methodologies, research quality, and overall evidence strength is essential during the appraisal process. Identifying potential sources of bias and review limitations, such as selective reporting or trial heterogeneity, is facilitated by tools like the Cochrane Risk of Bias and the AMSTAR 2 checklist. The assessment of included studies emphasizes formulating clear research questions and employing appropriate search strategies to construct robust reviews. Relevance and bias reduction are ensured through meticulous selection of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Accurate data synthesis, including appropriate data extraction and analysis, is necessary for drawing reliable conclusions. Meta-analysis, a statistical method for aggregating trial findings, improves the precision of treatment impact estimates. Systematic reviews should consider crucial factors such as addressing biases, disclosing conflicts of interest, and acknowledging review and methodological limitations. This paper aims to enhance the reliability of systematic reviews, ultimately improving decision-making in healthcare, public policy, and other domains. It provides academics, practitioners, and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of the evaluation process, empowering them to make well-informed decisions based on robust data.
  PubDate: 2023-12-21T00:00:00Z
Enhancing public sector enterprise risk management through interactive
information processing|Introduction|Methods|Findings|Discussion
- Authors: Torben J. Andersen, Peter C. Young
  Abstract: IntroductionFederal agencies are increasingly expected to adopt enterprise risk management (ERM). However, public sector adoption of ERM has typically focused on the economic efficiency of tax-financed activities based on control-based practices. This reflects an emphasis on quantifiable concerns that invariably directs attention to risk, that (by definition) relates to identifiable and measurable events, thereby downplaying uncertain and unknown aspects of public exposures. This is a potentially serious shortcoming as government entities often act as society's risk managers of last resort. When extreme events happen what were previously considered private matters can quickly turn into public obligations. Hence, there is a need for proactive assessments of the evolving public risk landscape to discern unpredictable-even unknowable-developments.MethodsThe article reviews recent empirical studies on public risk management practices, effects of digitalization in public sector institutions, current strategic management research, and insights uncovered from a recent study of risk management practices in federal agencies. On this basis, the article explains how the ability to generate value from ERM can be enhanced when it intertwines with local responsive initiatives and central strategic risk analyses. It can form a dynamic adaptive risk management process where insights from dispersed actors inform updated risk analyses based on local autonomy and open exchange of information. This approach builds on specific structural features embedded in culture-driven aspirations to generate collaborative solutions. Its functional mode is an interactive control system with open discussions across levels and functions in contrast to conventional diagnostic controls that monitor predetermined key performance indicators (KPIs) and key risk indicators (KRIs).FindingsBacked by theoretical rationales and empirical research evidence, it is found that applications of ERM frameworks can produce positive results but is unable to deal with a public risk landscape characterized by uncertain unpredictable conditions with potentially extreme outcome effects. It is shown how interactive exchange of fast local insights and slow integrated strategic risk analyses supported by digitized data processing can form a dynamic adaptive system that enable public sector institutions to deal with emergent high-scale exposures. It is explained how the requirement for conducive organizational structures and supportive values require a new strategic risk leadership approach, which is contrasted to observed practices in federal agencies that are constrained by prevailing public governance requirements.DiscussionThe need to deal with uncertainty and unknown conditions demands a cognitive shift in current thinking from a primary focus on risk to also appraise complexity and prepare for the unexpected where data-driven methods can uncover emergent exposures through dynamic information processing. This requires strategic risk leaders that recognize the significance of complex public exposures with many unknowns and a willingness to facilitate digitalized information processing rooted in a collaborative organizational climate. If handled properly, adoption of ERM in public risk management can consider emergent dimensions in complex public exposures applying interactive information processing as a dynamic adaptive risk management approach incorporating digitized methods to solicit collective intelligence for strategic risk updating.
  PubDate: 2023-12-20T00:00:00Z
Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science
diplomacy
- Authors: Mhlambululi Mafu, Makhamisa Senekane
  Abstract: The state-of-the-art quantum technologies leverage the unique principles of quantum mechanics, which include quantization, uncertainty principle, interference, entanglement and decoherence, to produce useful devices and scientific advancements not possible with classical technologies. As a result, quantum technologies, in particular, offer specific advantages that make communications networks secure and unbreakable and devices with unprecedented levels of accuracy, responsiveness, reliability, scalability and efficiency than classical emerging technologies. These capabilities can contribute significantly to addressing energy, agriculture, climate change, national security, healthcare, education and economic growth challenges. Unfortunately, these developments in these areas have not been evenly distributed between the Global North and the Global South, inadvertently creating a societal and economic gap. Closing this gap is critical to creating a more inclusive and sustainable future for all, thus delivering key sustainable goals. Therefore, to close this gap, this article proposes a quantum diplomacy framework as a means to deliver science diplomacy. Moreover, we discuss how emerging quantum technologies could profoundly impact all 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We consider this work a timely and vital intervention to prevent the gap from increasing.
  PubDate: 2023-12-19T00:00:00Z
A metric learning-based method for biomedical entity linking
- Authors: Ngoc D. Le, Nhung T. H. Nguyen
  Abstract: Biomedical entity linking task is the task of mapping mention(s) that occur in a particular textual context to a unique concept or entity in a knowledge base, e.g., the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). One of the most challenging aspects of the entity linking task is the ambiguity of mentions, i.e., (1) mentions whose surface forms are very similar, but which map to different entities in different contexts, and (2) entities that can be expressed using diverse types of mentions. Recent studies have used BERT-based encoders to encode mentions and entities into distinguishable representations such that their similarity can be measured using distance metrics. However, most real-world biomedical datasets suffer from severe imbalance, i.e., some classes have many instances while others appear only once or are completely absent from the training data. A common way to address this issue is to down-sample the dataset, i.e., to reduce the number instances of the majority classes to make the dataset more balanced. In the context of entity linking, down-sampling reduces the ability of the model to comprehensively learn the representations of mentions in different contexts, which is very important. To tackle this issue, we propose a metric-based learning method that treats a given entity and its mentions as a whole, regardless of the number of mentions in the training set. Specifically, our method uses a triplet loss-based function in conjunction with a clustering technique to learn the representation of mentions and entities. Through evaluations on two challenging biomedical datasets, i.e., MedMentions and BC5CDR, we show that our proposed method is able to address the issue of imbalanced data and to perform competitively with other state-of-the-art models. Moreover, our method significantly reduces computational cost in both training and inference steps. Our source code is publicly available here.
  PubDate: 2023-12-19T00:00:00Z
Corrigendum: Corrigendum: Evaluative altmetrics: is there evidence for its
application to research evaluation'
- Authors: Wenceslao Arroyo-Machado, Daniel Torres-Salinas
  PubDate: 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Depression, anxiety, and burnout in academia: topic modeling of PubMed
abstracts
- Authors: Olga Lezhnina
  Abstract: The problem of mental health in academia is increasingly discussed in literature, and to extract meaningful insights from the growing amount of scientific publications, text mining approaches are used. In this study, BERTopic, an advanced method of topic modeling, was applied to abstracts of 2,846 PubMed articles on depression, anxiety, and burnout in academia published in years 1975–2023. BERTopic is a modular technique comprising a text embedding method, a dimensionality reduction procedure, a clustering algorithm, and a weighing scheme for topic representation. A model was selected based on the proportion of outliers, the topic interpretability considerations, topic coherence and topic diversity metrics, and the inevitable subjectivity of the criteria was discussed. The selected model with 27 topics was explored and visualized. The topics evolved differently with time: research papers on students' pandemic-related anxiety and medical residents' burnout peaked in recent years, while publications on psychometric research or internet-related problems are yet to be presented more amply. The study demonstrates the use of BERTopic for analyzing literature on mental health in academia and sheds light on areas in the field to be addressed by further research.
  PubDate: 2023-11-27T00:00:00Z
Genetic research with Indigenous Peoples: perspectives on governance and
oversight in the US|Introduction|Methods|Results|Discussion
- Authors: Nanibaa' A. Garrison, Stephanie Russo Carroll
  Abstract: IntroductionIndigenous Peoples are increasingly exerting governance and oversight over genomic research with citizens of their nations, raising questions about how best to enforce research regulation between American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian peoples and researchers.MethodsUsing a community-engaged research approach, we conducted 42 semi-structured interviews with Tribal leaders, clinicians, researchers, policy makers, and Tribal research review board members about their perspectives on ethical issues related to genetics research with Indigenous Peoples in the US.ResultsWe report findings related to (1) considerations for Indigenous governance, (2) institutional relationships upholding sovereignty, (3) expectations for research approvals, and (4) agreements enacting Indigenous governance. Participants described concerns about different ways of exerting oversight, relationships and agreements between Indigenous Peoples and researchers, and gaps that need to be addressed to strengthen existing governance of genomic data.DiscussionThe results will ultimately guide policy-making and development of new strategies for Indigenous Peoples to enforce oversight in research to promote ethically and culturally appropriate research.
  PubDate: 2023-11-22T00:00:00Z
Indigenous Peoples and research: self-determination in research governance
- Authors: Ibrahim Garba, Rogena Sterling, Rebecca Plevel, William Carson, Felina M. Cordova-Marks, Jewel Cummins, Caleigh Curley, Dominique David-Chavez, Adam Fernandez, Danielle Hiraldo, Vanessa Hiratsuka, Maui Hudson, Mary Beth Jäger, Lydia L. Jennings, Andrew Martinez, Joseph Yracheta, Nanibaa' A. Garrison, Stephanie Russo Carroll
  Abstract: Indigenous Peoples are reimagining their relationship with research and researchers through greater self-determination and involvement in research governance. The emerging discourse around Indigenous Data Sovereignty has provoked discussions about decolonizing data practices and highlighted the importance of Indigenous Data Governance to support Indigenous decision-making and control of data. Given that much data are generated from research, Indigenous research governance and Indigenous Data Governance overlap. In this paper, we broaden the concept of Indigenous Data Sovereignty by using the CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance to discuss how research legislation and policy adopted by Indigenous Peoples in the US set expectations around recognizing sovereign relationships, acknowledging rights and interests in data, and enabling Indigenous Peoples' participation in research governance.
  PubDate: 2023-11-15T00:00:00Z
What's trust got to do with research: why not accountability'
- Authors: Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan, Bridget Haire
  Abstract: This paper explores the intricate dynamics of trust, power, and vulnerability in the relationship between researchers and study participants/communities in the field of bioethics. The power and knowledge imbalances between researchers and participants create a structural vulnerability for the latter. While trust-building is important between researchers and study participants/communities, the consenting process can be challenging, often burdening participants with power abrogation. Trust can be breached. The paper highlights the contractual nature of the research relationship and argues that trust alone cannot prevent exploitation as power imbalances and vulnerabilities persist. To protect participants, bioethics guidance documents promote accountability and ethical compliance. These documents uphold fairness in the researcher-participant relationship and safeguard the interests of socially vulnerable participants. The paper also highlights the role of shared decision-making and inclusive deliberation with diverse stakeholders and recommends that efforts should be made by researchers to clarify roles and responsibilities, while research regulatory agents should transform the research-participant relationship into a legal-based contract governed by accountability principles. While trust remains important, alternative mechanisms may be needed to ensure ethical research practices and protect the interests of participants and communities. Striking a balance between trust and accountability is crucial in this regard.
  PubDate: 2023-11-13T00:00:00Z

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