JournalTOCs

Scientometrics
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.125

Citation Impact (citeScore): 3
Number of Followers: 44

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0138-9130 - ISSN (Online) 1588-2861
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

The dynamics of Cuban international scientific collaboration: a
scientometric analysis over a century
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  Abstract: Abstract This study explores the historical trajectory of Cuban international scientific collaboration across three distinct epochs (1900–1959, 1960–1989, and 1990–2023). Utilizing co-authorship as a metric for collaboration and examining publications sourced from the Scopus database, the research delineates the nuanced dynamics of Cuban international scientific collaboration over the span of 122 years. The findings highlight the efficacy of Cuba’s strategic geographical diversification efforts in bolstering its scientific prowess and fostering innovation. Moreover, the adoption of this strategy has contributed to the augmentation of Cuba’s scientific output. The results demonstrate a progressive diversification of Cuban collaborations across various regions, with notable emphasis on partnerships with Western Europe and Latin America. Nevertheless, collaborations with other regions exhibit limited engagement, indicative of untapped opportunities for expansion. Despite encountering challenges, scientific collaboration emerges as a pivotal driver in advancing Cuba’s scientific productivity. This study underscores the pivotal role of international partnerships in nurturing scientific advancement and posits avenues for future research aimed at fortifying global research networks and augmenting research capabilities in emerging economies.
  PubDate: 2024-08-24
Something old, new, and borrowed. Rise of the systematic reviews
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  Abstract: Abstract Systematic reviews and other types of literature reviews are more prevalent in clinical medicine than in other fields. The recurring need for improvement and updates in these disciplines has led to the Living Systematic Review (LSR) concept to enhance the effectiveness of scientific synthesis efforts. While LSR was introduced in 2014, its adoption outside clinical medicine has been limited, with one exception. However, it is anticipated that this will change in the future, prompting a detailed exploration of four key dimensions for LSR development, regardless of the scientific domain. These dimensions include (a) compliance with FAIR principles, (b) interactivity to facilitate easier access to scientific knowledge, (c) public participation for a more comprehensive review, and (d) extending the scope beyond mere updates to living systematic reviews. Each field needs to establish clear guidelines for drafting literature reviews as independent studies, with discussions centring around the central theme of the Living Systematic Review.
  PubDate: 2024-08-24
Measuring the labor market outcomes of universities: evidence from
China’s listed company executives
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  Abstract: Abstract Universities are now expected to actively contribute to socio-economic development, extending beyond their customary focus on teaching and research. Traditionally, the impact of universities on the labor market, measured through graduate employment, has been assessed using subjective survey data. This study proposes a quantitative framework that combines occupational mobility data with geographic factors to provide an objective evaluation of university labor market outcomes. Using data from 46,765 executives across 4,627 listed companies in mainland China, we developed a university–company mobility bipartite network. This network is weighted by both the number of executives and the geographic distances they cover. Through structural analysis of the network, we reveal the stratified and highly unequal influence of Chinese universities on the labor market. We also apply a PageRank centrality algorithm to rank universities and further compare them with established university rankings. The results indicated that our rankings highlighted the universities’ geographical influence and outcomes in the labor market. Our framework offers a reliable approach to assessing the societal impact of universities from a labor market perspective, improving and supplementing current university ranking systems.
  PubDate: 2024-08-24
Tweeting and retweeting scientific articles: implications for altmetrics
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  Abstract: Abstract Despite differences in extent of engagement of users, original tweets and retweets to scientific publications are considered as equal events. Current research investigates quantifiable differences between tweets and retweets from an altmetric point of view. Twitter users, text, and media content of two datasets, one containing 742 randomly selected tweets and retweets (371 each) and another with 5898 tweets and retweets (about 3000 each), all linking to scientific articles published on PLoS ONE, were manually categorized. Results from analyzing the proportions of tweets and retweets indicated that academic and individual accounts produce majority of original tweets (34% and 55%, respectively) and posted significantly larger proportion of retweets (41.5 and 81%). Bot accounts, on the other hand, had posted significantly more original tweets (20%) than retweets (2%). Natural communication sentences prevailed in retweets and tweets (63% vs. 45%) as well as images (41.5% vs. 23%), both showing a significant rise in usage overtime. Overall, the findings suggest that the attention scientific articles receive on Twitter may have more to do with human interaction and inclusion of visual content in the tweets, than the significance of or genuine interest towards the research results.
  PubDate: 2024-08-24
Research topic displacement and the lack of interdisciplinarity: lessons
from the scientific response to COVID-19
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  Abstract: Abstract Based on a large-scale computational analysis of scholarly articles, this study investigates the dynamics of interdisciplinary research in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thereby, the study also analyses the reorientation effects away from other topics that receive less attention due to the high focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to examine what can be learned from the (failing) interdisciplinarity of coronavirus research and its displacing effects for managing potential similar crises at the scientific level. To explore our research questions, we run several analyses by using the COVID-19++ dataset, which contains scholarly publications, preprints from the field of life sciences, and their referenced literature including publications from a broad scientific spectrum. Our results show the high impact and topic-wise adoption of research related to the COVID-19 crisis. Based on the similarity analysis of scientific topics, which is grounded on the concept embedding learning in the graph-structured bibliographic data, we measured the degree of interdisciplinarity of COVID-19 research in 2020. Our findings reveal a low degree of research interdisciplinarity. The publications’ reference analysis indicates the major role of clinical medicine, but also the growing importance of psychiatry and social sciences in COVID-19 research. A social network analysis shows that the authors’ high degree of centrality significantly increases her or his degree of interdisciplinarity.
  PubDate: 2024-08-22
Mapping scholarly books: library metadata and research assessment
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  Abstract: Abstract This paper proposes an open-science-aligned approach that uses library metadata to evaluate individual books. I analyse the suitability of this approach for individual book assessment and visibility of national books in the library catalogues, to support responsible research evaluation. WorldCat metadata offers valuable insights for the evaluation of books, but the completeness of this metadata varies. Author, contributor, and publisher data require cleaning, while languages, years, formats, editions, and translations provide rich information. Open access data is currently lacking, and national book visibility in WorldCat depends heavily on contributions from national libraries and metadata suppliers. Encouraging national library engagement could boost the global visibility of domestic research. Further exploration is needed regarding long-term preservation, metadata ownership, and technical integration for effective standardisation and improved book evaluation.
  PubDate: 2024-08-17
Spanish scientific research by field and subject. Strategic analysis with
ARWU indicators
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  Abstract: Abstract In this study, the scientific production of universities across the world is analysed, disaggregating it by research fields and specialities. A particular focus is on the strategic analysis of Spanish universities within the international panorama. Data collected from the widely known and frequently consulted Academic Ranking of World Universities are used to which clustering techniques are applied. To do so, indicators are defined that are related with university presence (in both absolute and relative terms), university performance within a specialist field with respect to the rest of the world, and within each speciality with respect to the general level of the country. With all that information, strategic clusters of specialities were identified, and an analysis by scientific field at an aggregated level was completed. Among the results, it is worth highlighting the greater international presence of Spanish universities within the specialist clusters of Food Science & Technology and Hospitality & Tourism Management, and their performance below the general average with respect to all universities, except for Remote Sensing, Veterinary Science, and Civil Engineering. The research fields within which the Spanish universities showed greater competitiveness are Life Sciences and Natural Science, whereas the fields of Engineering and Social Science had the lowest presence and level of international competitiveness. A series of recommendations for improvement are advanced concerning measurement of resources, communicative activities, and the orientation of lines of action within some specialities.
  PubDate: 2024-08-17
$${\varvec{x}}_{{\varvec{d}}}$$ -index and its variants: a set of overall
scholarly expertise diversity indices for the research portfolio
management of institutions
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  Abstract: Abstract During last several decades, various indicators and proxies to measure research output and their impact for different units have been proposed. These measurements may be targeted at individuals, institutions, journals, countries etc. Institutional level assessment is one such area that has always been and will remain a key challenge to a multitude of stakeholders. Various international rankings as well as different bibliometric indicators have been explored in the context of institutional assessments, though each of them has certain criticisms associated. Most of the existing indicators, including h-type indicators, mainly focus on research output and/ or citations to the research output. They do not reveal the expertise of institutions in different subject areas, which is crucial to know the research portfolio of an institution. Recently, a set of expertise measures such as x and x(g) indices were introduced to determine the expertise of institutions with respect to a specific discipline/field considering strengths in different finer level thematic areas of that discipline/field. In this work, an adaptation of the x-index, namely the $x_{d}$ -index is proposed to determine the overall scholarly expertise of an institution considering its publication pattern and strength in different coarse thematic areas. This indicator helps to identify the core expertise areas and the diversity of the research portfolio of the institution. Further, two variants of the indicator, namely field normalized indicator or $x_{d}$ (FN)-index and fractional indicator $x_{d} \left( f \right)$ -index are also introduced to address the effect of field bias and collaborations on the computation of the expertise diversity. The framework can determine the most suitable version of the indicator to use for research portfolio management with the help of correlation analysis. These indicators and the associated framework are demonstrated on a dataset of 136 institutions. Upon rank correlation analysis, no significant difference is noticed between $x_{d}$ and its variants computed using different publication counting, in this particular dataset, making $x_{d}$ the most suitable indicator in this case. The possibilities offered by the framework for effective management of the research portfolio of an institution by expanding its diversity and its ability to aid national level policymakers for the effective management of scholarly ecosystem of the country is discussed.
  PubDate: 2024-08-17
The unprincipled principal: how Romania’s inconsistent research reform
impacted scientific output
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  Abstract: Abstract This study employs the synthetic control method to assess the effects of Romania’s 2016 research reforms on the nation’s research output. Prior reforms were unstable and led to persistent deviations from international publication practices, where a disproportionate share of national research was published in national journals and subsequently in conference proceedings. The 2016 reforms, which introduced rigorous publication quotas and criteria, including reduced emphasis on conference proceedings, were notably stable. However, these reforms coincided with a consistent reduction in research funding. To understand the impact of the tension between increased publication demands and reduced research funding, the study analysed changes in research output distribution before and after the reform, focusing on total scientific output, conference proceedings, and articles published in MDPI and non-MDPI journals. The results revealed a significant decline in overall scientific production following the intervention. This decrease can be attributed to two key factors. First, the shift away from conference proceedings was not fully compensated for by the increase in articles published in MDPI journals. Second, there was also a decline in the articles published in non-MDPI journals.
  PubDate: 2024-08-09
Revealing dynamic co-authorship structure in the social sciences through
blockmodeling: the Slovenian case (1991–2020)
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  Abstract: Abstract Scientific cooperation is gaining importance as worldwide trends in co-authorship indicate. While clustering is an established method in this field and several have studied scientific-cooperation dynamics within a single discipline, little literature exists on its interdisciplinary facet. This paper analyses the evolution of co-authorship amongst social scientists in Slovenia over the three decades between 1991 and 2020 using bibliographic databases. The identification of groups (clusters) of authors based on patterns in their co-authorship ties both within and across decades is carried out using network-analytical method called stochastic blockmodeling (SBM). Meanwhile, previous research used generalised blockmodeling accounting only for within-period ties. Additionally, a topic model is developed to tentatively assess whether co-authorship is driven by research interests, organisational or disciplinary affiliation. Notably, while focusing on the result of the SBM for generalised multipartite networks, the paper draw compares with other SBMs. Generally, the paper identifies clusters of authors that are larger and less cohesive than those found in previous works. Specifically, there are three main findings. First, disciplines appear to become less important over time. Second, institutions remain central, corroborating the suggestion that Slovenian R&D policy reinforces parochial research practices. Yet, whether organisational segregation is an issue remains unclear. Third, interdisciplinarity’s emergence has been slow and partial, thus supporting the idea of a ‘covert interdisciplinarity.’ Importantly, it seems that members of different clusters lack fluency in a meta-language enabling effective communication across cognate paradigms. And this may hinder the implementation of long-term, up-to-date research policies in the country.
  PubDate: 2024-08-09
Does science disrupt technology' Examining science intensity, novelty, and
recency through patent-paper citations in the pharmaceutical field
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  Abstract: Abstract The role of scientific knowledge in advancing technology is widely recognized, but its impact in generating disruptive ideas and catalyzing technological change is less well known. To fill this gap, this study addresses a new research question about whether and how prior scientific knowledge contributes to technological disruptiveness. Specifically, our study focused on the pharmaceutical field, which has a frequent interaction between science and technology, and employed the patent-paper citations to explore the disruptive impact of science on technology. Drawing on the 1,883,593 granted patents in pharmaceuticals and their 1,546,960 cited papers prior to 2018, we found patents with scientific references appear to be more disruptive than those without scientific citations and such effect has gradually pronounced in recent decades, even though technological disruptiveness is generally declining over time. For each granted patent, we further developed three scientific characteristics including science intensity, science novelty and science recency and estimated their effects on technological disruptiveness. The regression analysis showed science intensity and science novelty both have an inverted U-shaped relationship with technological disruptiveness, suggesting intermediate-level novel scientific knowledge input can inspire the generation of disruptive ideas for pharmaceutical technological innovation. While science recency presents a negative association, underlying that recent scientific knowledge could offer advanced theoretical insights that may destabilize the existing technological trajectory. Moreover, collaboration is another important factor in enhancing the disruptive impact of science on technology. Our study contributes to the existing literature by introducing the disruptive impact of science on technology.
  PubDate: 2024-08-09
Spotting potential reviewers for interdisciplinary research: insights on
active reviewers from Publons
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  Abstract: Abstract The increasing significance of interdisciplinary research poses a challenge in evaluating its quality and emphasizes the need for academic journals to choose appropriate reviewers for interdisciplinary research. Several studies have focused on the problems in reviewing interdisciplinary research, but fewer studies on the challenges of recruiting suitable reviewers for interdisciplinary research. Our study collects a specific group of active interdisciplinary reviewers who were awarded the “Top 1% reviewers in Cross-field” by Publons—a recognition for reviewers conducting the highest number of reviews in corresponding fields. We aim to examine the interdisciplinary backgrounds and intrinsic interactivity of these active interdisciplinary reviewers in various academic activities, alongside exploring the countries, institutions, and research fields they represent. Our findings shed light on the uneven distribution of active interdisciplinary reviewers among countries and institutions. We also observe that active interdisciplinary reviewers often possess high interdisciplinarity in their research activities, and this interdisciplinarity increases as their reviewing and research experience grows. Notably, moderately experienced reviewers (with 6–10 years of reviewing experience) are the primary force of active interdisciplinary reviewers. We also advocate for inviting reviewers with varied levels of research and reviewing experience commensurate with the interdisciplinarity or complexity of the research. Moreover, active interdisciplinary reviewers demonstrate a strong disciplinary similarity and correlation among their research, reviewing, and editorial activities. Given the mounting pressure and challenges associated with reviewing interdisciplinary research, we propose several recommendations based on our analysis.
  PubDate: 2024-08-09
The small-world phenomenon: a model, explanations, characterizations, and
examples
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  Abstract: Abstract We introduce and define three types of small worlds: small worlds based on the diameter of the network (SWD), those based on the average geodesic distance between nodes (SWA), and those based on the median geodesic distance (SWMd). These types of networks are defined as limiting properties of sequences of sets. We show the exact relation between these three types, namely that each SWD network is also an SWA network and that each SWA network is also an SWMd network. Yet, having the small-world property is a phenomenon that can easily occur in the sense that most networks are small-world networks in one of the three ways. We introduce sequences of distance frequencies, so-called alpha-sequences, and prove a relation between the majorization property between alpha-sequences and small-world properties.
  PubDate: 2024-08-08
ICA fellows’ networking patterns in terms of collaboration, citation,
and bibliographic coupling and the relevance of co-ethnicity
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  Abstract: Abstract This study investigates the interplay between collaboration (coauthorship) citation, bibliographic coupling (citation of a third scholar by two other authors), and co-ethnicity among International Communication Association (ICA) Fellows, distinguished scholars in the field of communication. Analysis of data from over 18,000 publications reveals significant relationships between collaboration, citation, and bibliographic coupling among ICA Fellows, with weaker associations observed with co-ethnicity based on name recognition. These findings suggest a level of intellectual cohesion within the communication science community, particularly among elite scholars.
  PubDate: 2024-08-08
Bibliometrics beyond citations: introducing mention extraction and
analysis
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  Abstract: Abstract Standard citation-based bibliometric tools have severe limitations when they are applied to periods in the history of science and the humanities before the advent of now-current citation practices. This paper presents an alternative method involving the extracting and analysis of mentions to map and analyze links between scholars and texts in periods that fall outside the scope of citation-based studies. Focusing on one specific discipline in one particular period and language area—Anglophone philosophy between 1890 and 1979—we describe a procedure to create a mention index by identifying, extracting, and disambiguating mentions in academic publications. Our mention index includes 1,095,765 mention links, extracted from 22,977 articles published in 12 journals. We successfully link 93% of these mentions to specific philosophers, with an estimated precision of 82% to 91%. Moreover, we integrate the mention index into a database named EDHIPHY, which includes data and metadata from multiple sources and enables multidimensional mention analyses. In the final part of the paper, we present four case studies conducted by domain experts, demonstrating the use and the potential of both EDHIPHY and mention analyses more generally.
  PubDate: 2024-08-02
The review mills, not just (self-)plagiarism in review reports, but a step
further
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  Abstract: Abstract Review mills sum up a new category of reviewer misconduct that flies in the face of reviewer ethics and integrity. A pattern of generic, vague, and repeated affirmations (identical or very similar boilerplate phrasing) is noted in the analysis of 263 review reports, regardless of the scientific content of the papers under review, coupled with coercive citation (perhaps among the main reasons for such behavior), which when combined produce fake reviews. The misconduct associated with review mills is unlike mere plagiarism (self-plagiarism) of reviewer comments. It is important to quantify the problem and to take urgent measures: (a) to identify the review millers; (b) to rectify the published literature; and (c) to determine procedures for journals and publishers on procedures to counter this new type of misconduct.
  PubDate: 2024-08-01
Quantifying cohesion in high citation research article titles: a
cross-disciplinary and diachronic investigation
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  Abstract: Abstract This study presents the result of a cross-disciplinary and diachronic examination of cohesive devices used in high citation research article (HCRA) titles, a hitherto less-explored subgenre of academic discourse. Based on Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2014) Cohesion Model, the research analyzed the employment of connectors in a self-constructed corpus of 30,000 HCRA titles from disciplines of Biology, Chemistry, Linguistics, and Music from 1980 to 2023. Comparisons of disciplinary and diachronic changes of connectors were made in two-way multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA), and follow-up analyses of variance (ANOVA). Major findings indicate that discipline, as compared to period, is the determinant of cohesion in HCRA titles, albeit in medium effect size. The use of Extension and Enhancement prevail HCRA titles, suggesting an exponential increase of sophistication and comprehensiveness of information in the curation and dissemination of scientific knowledge. Specifically, cohesion of HCRA titles is predominantly realized by additive, temporal, and causal connectors with sharp contrasts between soft and hard sciences, indicating longer titles with these connectors attract readers by harnessing their familiarity of disciplinary knowledge. Quantitative characterization of cohesion in HCRA titles shed light on how expert writers coherently organize titles to maximize informativeness and research impact, thereby contributing pedagogically to academic writing for English for Academic and Specific Purposes, and empirically for the research on the predictability of citation impacts.
  PubDate: 2024-08-01
Distribution by country, region, and publisher in environmental
engineering journals in SCImago Journal and Country Rank database
(1999–2022)
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  Abstract: Abstract The rise of globalization and the advent of Internet gave birth to a new science model in which national systems compete for a place in a global communication network where their products could circulate and gain notoriety. Several studies have been carried out to assess national performance in such network, particularly in terms of scientific research output and collaboration networks. However, academic journals in specific disciplines have not received the same attention. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the evolution of journal prestige in terms of country and region of origin in the field of environmental engineering in SCImago Journal and Rank database during 1999–2022. It was found that Western countries and private publishers still dominate the discipline in 2022. The United Kingdom, the United States, and the Netherlands housed 51.16% of journals in 2022. Also, corporate publishers with headquarters in these countries own most of the journals, particularly in the top tier. Elsevier, Springer, and Taylor & Francis had a total 54 journals indexed in 2022, and 65.9% of journals rank in the first quartile belonged to these groups. However, Poland, China, and Iran have become major players. By 2022, they had 12, 10, and 7 environmental engineering journals indexed in SCImago Journal and Country Rank, and China and Iran’s journals have been ranked as Q1.
  PubDate: 2024-08-01
Automated recognition of innovative sentences in academic articles:
semi-automatic annotation for cost reduction and SAO reconstruction for
enhanced data
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  Abstract: Abstract Research on innovative content within academic articles plays a vital role in exploring the frontiers of scientific and technological innovation while facilitating the integration of scientific and technological evaluation into academic discourse. To efficiently gather the latest innovative concepts, it is essential to accurately recognize innovative sentences within academic articles. Although several supervised methods for classifying article sentences exist, such as citation function sentences, future work sentences, and formal citation sentences, most of these methods rely on manual annotations or rule-based matching to construct datasets, often neglecting an in-depth exploration of model performance enhancement. To address the limitations of existing research in this domain, this study introduces a semi-automatic annotation method for innovative sentences (IS) with the assistance of expert comments information and proposes a data augmentation method by SAO reconstruction to augment the training dataset. Within this paper, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness of multiple algorithms for recognizing IS within academic articles. This study utilized the full text of academic articles as the research subject and employed the semi-automatic method to annotate IS for creating the training dataset. Then, this study validated the effectiveness of the semi-automatic annotation method through manual inspection and compared it with rule-based annotation methods. Additionally, the impacts of different augmentation ratios on model performance were also explored. The empirical results reveal the following: (1) The semi-automatic annotation method proposed in this study achieves an accuracy rate of 0.87239, ensuring the validity of annotated data while reducing the manual annotation cost. (2) The SAO reconstruction for data augmentation method significantly improved the accuracy of machine learning and deep learning algorithms in the recognition of IS. (3) When the augmentation ratio in the training set was set to 50%, the trained GPT-2 model was superior to other algorithms, achieving an ACC of 0.97883 in the test set and an F1 score of 0.95505 in practical application.
  PubDate: 2024-08-01
The evolution of order of authorship based on researchers’ age
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  Abstract: Abstract We examine the evolution of order of authorship based on seniority during 1975–2021. Results show that for small teams (≤ 5 authors), the likelihood of placing the most junior author first has been increasing since the nineties. Additionally, the likelihood of placing the most senior author in last place has also been increasing. The results are at least partially driven by digitization of bibliographic records that drastically facilitated assignment of citations to all authors. We interpret our findings as a growing trend of small author teams becoming fairer. We do not find any significant effects for larger teams suggesting different practices when team size increases. Given that team size is, slowly but steadily, increasing over the last decades, the debate over the ethical considerations around authorship practices should place significance on the number of co-authors.
  PubDate: 2024-08-01

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