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- Animal Consumption at Hospital de San Martín (Gran Canaria): First
Zooarchaeological Analysis in the Modern Era of the Canary Islands
(Fifteenth-Eighteenth Centuries CE)-
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Abstract: Abstract The Canary Islands were initially colonized around 200 CE by North African Berber populations who brought with them domestic plants and animals. These communities remained isolated until the arrival of Europeans in the Late Middle Ages which triggered the conquest of the archipelago. Its geostrategic location in the framework of Atlantic expansion facilitated the arrival of people, knowledge, goods, plants, and animals which served to shape the new Canarian society. This study explores the dietary practices of this period through the zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains recovered at the Hospital de San Martín (fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries), Las Palmas (Gran Canaria, Spain). Our results suggest that caprines were the main taxa consumed. This follows both the pre-colonial Indigenous tradition and, according to historical sources, the subsequent European period. The faunal assemblage recovered also reveals the first directly radiocarbon-dated cases in the Canary Islands of three hitherto unknown species: cattle, chicken, and rabbit. Moreover, the results evidence a progressive increase throughout the Modern Era of chicken and rabbit, and that translocating these new species to the archipelago during the European expansion led to a diversification of meat resources.
PubDate: 2023-09-11
- A Crinoline in the Attic: Ritual Concealment at a Historic Plantation in
New Jersey-
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Abstract: Abstract The William Green Plantation near Trenton, New Jersey, was built circa 1720 and continuously occupied until the 1960s. The plantation served as a billet for Washington’s Light Cavalry during the Revolutionary War. Archival research has demonstrated the presence of indentured servants and at least one enslaved person on the plantation during the early nineteenth century. Because the archaeological signature of marginalized groups is often difficult to distinguish, an investigation of the attic space was conducted in 2019. At least seven occurrences of intentionally concealed material including a cage crinoline, worn beneath a woman’s skirt, were discovered under the attic floorboards. The concealed items fall in the mid-late nineteenth century time range. However, the items are not likely attributed to indentured or enslaved persons at the plantation. Instead, they resemble the long tradition of ritual concealment in historical homesteads usually associated with folk magic arriving with immigrants from England.
PubDate: 2023-09-07
- Author Correction: Recovering a Black Cemetery: Automated Mapping of
Hidden Gravesites Using an sUAV and GIS in East End Cemetery, Richmond, VA
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PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Correction to: A Symbolic Analysis of the Islamic Period Gravestones in
the Ahar Museum-
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PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Memory, Destruction, and Traumatic Pasts in Cuba: The Escuadrón 41 During
Batista’s Dictatorship, 1958-
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Abstract: Abstract After a military coup in 1952, Cuba entered in a dictatorship with extreme state repression. By 1958 a colonial fortress in the city of Matanzas became a torture and detention center known as Escuadrón 41. Illustrating a case of forgetting, its destruction presents an atypical case study that defying official master narratives. Here, I analyze how is a traumatic past remembered through the lens of conflictive ideologies by intertwining the concepts of place of memory, destruction, and cultural trauma, which provides an account of a peripheral place and its local significance in the process of defining Cuba.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Revisiting Criollas: Recent Findings from Casa Blanca Archaeological
Contexts, San Juan, Puerto Rico-
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Abstract: Abstract During the Casa Blanca archaeological project, a large collection of significant artifacts was recovered. The assemblage included an important component of criolla ceramics. Archaeological evidence demonstrated that manufacture and use of this unique ceramic type extended throughout most historical phases of Casa Blanca from its construction in 1521 to the late nineteenth century. Evidence also seems to indicate that most of these ceramics were used specifically for food preparation and cooking, showing traces of fire on both internal and external walls. These handmade ceramics are characterized by coiling techniques with medium to very coarse grit tempers. Having recovered this ceramic type from a building continuously occupied for 490 years has provided the unique opportunity to report these findings and broaden the perspectives of similar types for other areas of Puerto Rico as well as the rest of the Caribbean.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Embedded in the Bark: Kimberley Boab Trees as Sites of Historical
Archaeology-
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Abstract: Abstract This paper discusses the Australian boab tree and its potential for research as living historical archaeology. Boab trees play an important role in the economy, culture, and cosmology of Indigenous people in northwest Australia and continue to hold a powerful presence in the Kimberley region today. Working with Nyikina and Mangala Traditional Owners we have undertaken to document examples of this iconic tree and its cultural and historical associations, particularly in the form of carvings and inscriptions embedded in the bark. Focusing on four individual trees located in the Kimberley region of northwest Australia, we propose that the modification of boab trees, as a practice undertaken by both Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, offers important insights into the everyday lives and historic events that shaped this cultural landscape.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Text Mining Oral Histories in Historical Archaeology
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Abstract: Abstract Advances in text mining and natural language processing methodologies have the potential to productively inform historical archaeology and oral history research. However, text mining methods are largely developed in the context of contemporary big data and publicly available texts, limiting the applicability of these tools in the context of historical and archaeological interpretation. Given the ability of text analysis to efficiently process and analyze large volumes of data, the potential for such tools to meaningfully inform historical archaeological research is significant, particularly for working with digitized data repositories or lengthy texts. Using oral histories recorded about a half-century ago from the anthracite coal mining region of Pennsylvania, USA, we discuss recent methodological developments in text analysis methodologies. We suggest future pathways to bridge the gap between generalized text mining methods and the particular needs of working with historical and place-based texts.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- The Historical Development and Heritage Features of a Portside Cultural
Landscape: The Bay of Pasaia (Basque Country, Spain)-
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Abstract: Abstract The Bay of Pasaia is one of the highest heritage value portside cultural landscapes in the Basque Country, Spain. In order to understand the factors that have led to the current complex configuration, this study traces the historical development of this landscape. It analyzes economic and social dynamics that led to transformations of the historic areas, port, and natural environment, and documents the remaining historical traces and heritage elements that have resulted from this interaction in a GIS database. Following the recommendations of the HUL Approach and the Valletta Principles, three historical periods have been identified, which bear similarity with other port areas around the world. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for future urban regeneration plans and heritage enhancement strategies.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- The Celebration of St. Viniri in Băeasă (Vovousa): Approaching the
Archaeology of the Sacred Forests in Northwest Greece-
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Abstract: Abstract In recent years there is a growing interest in the “Sacred Forests” (vakoúfika) of Zagori in Northwest Greece. These are either groves or individual trees, dedicated to patron saints, protected through customary laws, communal regulations, religious excommunications, and supernatural narratives. For ca. 300 years they have represented the tangible reminders of rituals, beliefs, and pre-modern ways of managing the commons to an extent that they survive in the present. This article introduces archaeology into the interdisciplinary discourse revolving around vakoúfika. Through the concepts of dwelling, walking, and archaeological ethnography, I evaluate the concept of static “traditional” mountainous communities and focus on the changes that might have occurred to the rituals and beliefs associated with vakoúfika over the past centuries. The case study is the Sacred Forest of Băeasă (Vovousa), dedicated to St. Viniri and the associated rituals. In situ observations and especially the exploration of the role of two stones in the celebration reveal an archaeological layer to the pilgrim, in which the center of the ritual was the forest not its associated chapel.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Mapping Poverty in Gotham: Visualizing New York City’s Almshouse
Ledgers from 1822 to 1835-
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Abstract: Abstract This paper maps and spatializes the Almshouse Ledger records for the children of unmarried parents in New York City in the 1820 and 1830s. Mapping the distribution of poverty and the provision of forms of welfare in the city, this paper illustrates specific areas of the city which were attracting the very poor as early as the second decade of the nineteenth century. This paper argues that migrants from countries with similar welfare systems to those established in New York may be overrepresented in the record due to familiarity with the system. This interdisciplinary paper combines archaeological approaches to GIS with archival research to illustrate the distribution of welfare provision.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Landscape with Bees: Beekeeping at Hacienda San Pedro Cholul,
Yucatán, Mexico-
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Abstract: Abstract We examine how beekeeping and the production of honey and wax on Mexico’s Yucatán peninsula was transformed in the wake of the sixteenth-century Spanish invasion and industrial revolution. Honey and wax produced from stingless bees (Melipona beecheii) were key commodities circulated throughout the prehispanic, colonial, and postcolonial periods. European honeybees (Apis mellifera) were introduced by the late nineteenth century, as demand for honey and wax transformed ecologies, technology, vegetative communities, and beekeeping practices. We compare archaeological, paleoethnobotanical, and soil chemical evidence of an apiary, likely for Apis mellifera, with documentary evidence for mixed species beekeeping at Hacienda San Pedro Cholul, a henequen plantation situated on the outskirts of Mérida.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Miklós Zrínyi’s Efforts in Strengthening the Military Defenses of
Međimurje, Hungary-
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Abstract: Abstract Knowledge of the terrain and its use are essential for successful combat. This paper highlights the importance of these facts through the deeds of general Miklós VII Zrínyi (1620—64). His efforts to strengthen the defense of Međimurje resulted in a complex defense system that actively used the terrain to its advantage, established primarily for the protection of the Kakonya Crossing. The selection of the location of Novi Zrin, its strengthening, and the construction of the Zrínyi Ditch all prove that he was thinking of a complex system, and actively used the terrain to his advantage.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Uncomfortable Memories and Non-Heritages: The Archaeology of
Counter-Revolution and the Carlist Wars in the Basque Country-
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Abstract: Abstract The development of historical archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula has opened new and stimulating avenues of research into its most recent times. One of these has been the archaeology of the Carlist Wars, a series of nineteenth-century conflicts related to the overarching process of the emergence of liberal governments in Europe and, contemporarily, of counter-revolutionary movements. This paper will describe recent excavations at Carlist sites in the southern part of the Basque Country in order to tackle two interrelated questions: the limits and possibilities of a Carlist archaeology and the close connection of the specific materialities of these events and the politics of memory surrounding them. It is argued that the Carlist War materiality has not been considered in the process of the construction of the Basque heritage because these conflicts are not introduced into the legitimating narratives of the failed-state formation project of the Basque identity.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- The Archaeology of Unexploded World War II Bomb Sites in the Koźle
Basin, Southern Poland-
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Abstract: Abstract One of the largest territories affected by the aerial bombardment carried out in Europe in 1944 is located near Kędzierzyn-Koźle. Surrounded by former synthetic fuel production plants, it contains craters from the explosions of detonation and general-purpose bombs, as well as smaller craters indicating the existence of unexploded bombs. The research presented in this article was conducted in forested areas and swampy wastelands, where these forms have been preserved until today. The article includes the analysis of their distribution and morphology, as well as characteristic cases occurring in multiple geoenvironmental situations. It also provides a model for research work leading to the determination of the most likely locations of unexploded bombs.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Bridging Conceptual Divides Between Colonial and Modern Worlds: Insular
Narratives and the Archaeologies of Modern Spanish Colonialism-
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Abstract: Abstract Narratives embedded in studies of modern Spanish colonialism have conspired against a deep understanding of colonialism as a global and current issue and have influenced or limited the directions for research. By focusing on particular narratives that separate and disconnect the realities of the colonies from those of the Iberian Peninsula, this article discusses the conceptual divide between the study of colonial and early modern realms, and the tenuous connections between the archaeology of Spanish colonialism developed in America and in the Iberian Peninsula. This paper attempts to counter those insular narratives by offering a view on how even remote settlements in Ibero-America show connections that tell stories of sixteenth-century Spain and pose questions that often cannot be answered due to the lack of shared perspectives between the study of modern Spanish colonialism in America and the Iberian Peninsula. To illustrate this view, a case study focused on Ciudad del Nombre de Jesús settled during the failed Spanish plan for the fortification of the Strait of Magellan at the end of the sixteenth century is provided. The interpretation of the results of archaeological and historical lines of research allows the establishment of material connections among individuals, stories and places of the Iberian Peninsula and America. The implication of this case contributes to considering the role that archaeology can play in questioning the enduring effects of modern Spanish colonialism.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- From Cahokia to Capital: Historical Palimpsests and the Euro-American
Afterlives of an Indigenous Place-
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Abstract: Abstract Over 200 years of intrigue and at least 150 years of professional and amateur archaeological investigations have yielded unparalleled insight into the Indigenous occupations of Cahokia, the largest Indigenous settlement to have existed in North America north of Mexico. While the impressive earthen mounds and expansive Indigenous urban landscape continue to capture the attention of archaeologists around the world, comparatively less interest has been paid to Cahokia’s later European and American histories that have been inscribed across these Indigenous spaces. A close-interval shovel test survey is used to unravel the historical palimpsests of the Western Flank, an area located at the core of the Cahokia site. A 1,000-year, dynamic record of human occupation and use is revealed. This record at once links together and contrasts Indigenous and Euro-American histories while serving as a nexus into the politics surrounding the contemporary afterlives of Indigenous spaces in North America. We explicitly highlight historical palimpsests that are defined not simply by complex forms of erasure and inscription, but by extraction and exploitation, active processes that linked successive histories to one another.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Strainer-Type Smoking Pipes in Ottoman Palestine: An Updated Review of
Their Typology, Function and Distribution-
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Abstract: Abstract This article discusses a rather marginal and hitherto little-studied type of Ottoman-period clay smoking pipe documented in Israel. Due to its morphology, we classified this kind of pipe “strainer-type pipe.” It includes two wheel-made variants which were probably locally manufactured and which are dated primarily to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries CE. Strainer-type pipes of related or different types were common in certain parts of Turkey and northern Iraq, as well as in the north-central Mediterranean (notably the Balkans, Italy, and southern France). We suggest that the initialization of the discussed southern Levantine strainer-type pipes was influenced by foreign prototypes, namely the Anatolian-Iraqi or European ones, which could have been brought to historical Palestine by merchants, officials, pilgrims, migrants, and/or soldiers in the Ottoman army.
PubDate: 2023-08-07
- The Landscapes of Disease and Death in Colonial Mauritius
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Abstract: Abstract The recurring ebb and flow of epidemic diseases profoundly impacted how colonial administrations dealt with death. This article focuses on the role disease played in shaping the “necrogeography” of colonial landscapes, a key point of intersection between funerary and landscape archaeology. Using an extensive corpus of evidence from cemeteries that capture inhumation practices from formerly enslaved and indentured populations, this article provides an assessment of these burial contexts as part of the cultural landscape in Mauritius. Drawing together functional and emotional dimensions, their features and development will be considered against the backdrop of the island’s specific and dynamic disease ecology.
PubDate: 2023-07-27
- The Swan River Colony’s First British Settlement: Early Results of
Surveys of Garden Island (Meeandip), Western Australia-
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Abstract: Abstract This paper describes the on-going research at Cliff Head, Garden Island (Indigenous name Meeandip) in Western Australia, the first British settlement on the west coast of Australia dating to 1829. The research has recorded features of local limestone and introduced materials such as low-fired brick, a well, and other artifacts brought from Britain. Early results suggest that areas at the camp existed for domestic purposes, storage of equipment and food supplies, the running of stock, and intra and inter-island communication, but other hypotheses are proposed.
PubDate: 2023-07-17
DOI: 10.1007/s10761-023-00704-8
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