 Subjects -> ARCHAEOLOGY (Total: 300 journals)
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- Book Review: Understanding Chipped Stone Tools by Brian Hayden
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Authors: Andrew P. Bradbury
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2023-08-30T07:38:39Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931231198904
- Scaling up and hunkering down: The evolution of Beothuk houses and
households-
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Authors: Donald H Holly, John C Erwin, Christopher B Wolff, Stephen H Hull, Amanda Samuels, Jamie Brake
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
We examine two concurrent trends in the later history of the Beothuk: changes to domestic architecture and household composition, and the narrowing of sharing obligations. The former is evident in the emergence and growth of pithouses and households, and the latter, in the partitioning of resources and the elaboration of food storage strategies. Both occur as European settlement and hostilities intensify and the Beothuk are denied access to coastal resources. These shifts may be reflective of social strategies aimed at incorporating extended family members and others from shattered homes, as well as cultural adjustments to increased sedentism and structural changes in the subsistence economy. These developments illustrate how hunter-gatherer domestic architecture can track with changes to the social environment.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2023-08-23T07:19:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931231190427
- Chronology construction in the borderlands: Bayesian modelling of Potomac
Valley settlement histories-
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Authors: Martin Gallivan, John Henshaw, Matthew Borden
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates to construct detailed chronologies has become a key methodology in North America's ‘historic turn,’ though the Middle Atlantic has seen few efforts to apply these techniques. Drawing from 70 legacy dates and 25 new assays, this study develops Bayesian chronological models for 10 Late Woodland (AD 900-1600) sites in the Potomac Valley. Our goal is to assess how the arrival of Luray communities impacted the region's settlement history. During the Late Woodland period Native communities tied to three cultural traditions established a series of towns in the Potomac Valley, at times close to one another. With evidence of population movements, intergroup violence, and coalescent communities, the Late Woodland Potomac Valley appears to have represented a dynamic borderland during these centuries. The chronology developed in this study points toward a landscape of settlements we have labelled Persistent Places, Unsettled Settlements, and Transitory Towns.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2023-08-17T06:31:52Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931231193051
- The Eagle Station impact site
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Authors: Kenneth Barnett Tankersley, Stephanie A. Meyers
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
The Eagle Station impact site is located along Eagle Creek in Carrol County, Kentucky. Pallasites (23 cm to ≤ 3 mm), a rare form of stony meteorites, occur in a late Archaic cultural period stratum with heat-altered flaked-stone artifacts, carbonized plant remains, and fire-cracked rocks. A calibrated AMS radiocarbon age of 3824 BP to 3593 BP (1875 BCE to 1644 BCE) on the pallasite-bearing stratum demonstrates that the impact event occurred during the late Holocene. The habitation site was abandoned after the impact event and the site was buried within 200 years by alluvium. The Eagle Station impact site increases our understanding of the frequency of late Holocene cosmic events and their possible influence on ancient cultures.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2023-08-09T06:50:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931231195111
- Ancient Ponds, Marl Deposits, and Native American Archaeology in the Ridge
and Valley Province of Maryland and Pennsylvania-
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Authors: R. Michael Stewart
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
Ponds of early to middle Holocene age are identified in the Ridge and Valley Province of Maryland and Pennsylvania through the occurrence of marl deposits associated with the floodplains of low order streams. A 2-sigma calibrated radiocarbon date indicates that marl formation began no later than 7812–7326 BC. The ponds and associated wetlands are one focus of native settlement movements in the region. Excavations and borings into marl, marl-related sediments and adjacent deposits reveal sequences of marl, produced during periods of ponded and still water, alternating with strata of organic, alluvial silts. These profiles represent the shrinking, swelling, and periodic disappearance of ponds. Changes in stream dynamics and climate are explored as explanations for these physical changes. Archaeological data is useful for understanding the timing of these paleo environmental changes. In turn, an understanding of the nature of the pond environments enhances reconstructions of Indian settlement and subsistence strategies.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2023-06-13T05:44:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931231174914
- Book Review: New Methods and Theories for Analyzing Mississippian Imagery
by Bretton T Giles and Shawn P Lambert-
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Authors: Dawn M Rutecki
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2023-02-23T06:52:45Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931231160198
- Book Review: Diversity in Open-Air Site Structure Across the
Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary by Kristen A Carlson and Leland C Bement-
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Authors: Edward J Knell
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2023-02-15T04:21:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931231156949
- The meaning of imprecision: A reconsideration of marked colonoware in
South Carolina-
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Authors: Christopher T Espenshade
Pages: 3 - 20
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Volume 44, Issue 1, Page 3-20, January 2023.
A review of marked Colonoware recovered in South Carolina shows a very low level of precision. This lack of concern with aesthetics runs contrary to expectations for potters intent on placing important religious symbols, cosmograms, on their pots. This imprecision runs contrary to the high degree of precision evidenced in other Gullah-Geechee folk arts and crafts. It is suggested that many of the known, marked Colonoware vessels were incised or inscribed simply to identify the potter, the eventual owner, or the participant in a vessel-centered ritual.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2022-12-02T05:49:45Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931221139315
Issue No: Vol. 44, No. 1 (2022)
- Interpreting δ13C Values Obtained on SOM from Ancient Maya Reservoirs
and Depressions-
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Authors: Kenneth Barnett Tankersley, Nicholas P. Dunning, David L. Lentz, Christopher Carr, Liwi Grazioso, Liwi Grazioso, Trinity L. Hamilton, Kathryn Reese-Taylor
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
elemental analyzer (EA) Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry was used to measure ∂13C values on soil organic matter from reservoirs and depressions at the ancient Maya urban centers of Tikal, Guatemala and Yaxnohcah, Mexico. Variation in δ13C values on soil organic matter were> −2.0‰, which suggests enrichment from C4 plants including maize, other tropical grasses (Poaceae), and tropical sedges (Cyperaceae), CAM plants (Clusia sp.), and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Cyanobacteria were likely a major contributor to the 13C enrichment of soil organic matter in Maya reservoirs and depressions, which has obfuscated our understanding of ancient Maya maize production. It is possible that the Maya used cyanobacteria as a fertilizer, which enriched agricultural field soil organic matter.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2022-12-26T06:31:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931221146570
- The manufacture process of war clubs: Replicating indigenous technological
systems of conflict from the Lower Colorado Basin-
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Authors: Joseph B Curran
First page: 21
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
This study provides a multi-disciplinary framework operationalizing the study of weaponry through experimental archaeology. In this scenario, I focus on war clubs, a type of Indigenous weapon commonly found across North America. The goal of this study is to understand how these weapons were engineered for violent conflict. My methodology utilizes archival research, museum study, and experimental archaeology analyses to elaborate on features of design, manufacture, use, and tactics of war club technologies. To operationalize this framework, I focus on a case study of conflict technology in the Lower Colorado River Basin from 1540–1857. Despite war clubs being prolific and an integral part of the technological systems of conflict in this region, this is the initial in-depth material analysis of this weapon type. From this study we can begin to infer how and why weapons systems were chosen, designed, created, and used through the experiential and embodied process of making.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2022-11-03T07:31:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931221133409
- The Eads earthwork: Implications for Hopewell ceremonialism
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Authors: Kenneth Barnett Tankersley, Stephanie A Meyers, Shahad Mohammed Albalushi, Shaima Saif Salim Alhabsi, Paris Shea Bowers, Isabella L Burton, Austin Clay Matthew Loukinas, Samantha Leigh Ward, Sean Chaney
First page: 43
Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
Eads (33Ct750) is a recently discovered Hopewell hilltop earthwork, which encloses ∼10 ha above the Bares Run-O’Bannon Creek-Little Miami River confluence area. Eads falls within the interquartile size range of other Ohio Hopewell earthworks. Like the nearby Foster's enclosure, Eads is a sub-meter earthwork with a single pronounced east-to-west berm,> 70.0 m in length and> 5.0 m in height. The peak of promontory aligns with the center of the Goodnough-Brock mound (33Ct751) at a compass direction of 300o, the summer solstice sunset azimuth for the Middle Woodland cultural period. The archeoastronomy alignment and artifacts recovered from a pedestrian survey and test excavations suggest that the Eads hilltop earthwork was designed, built, and used for ceremonial purposes.
Citation: North American Archaeologist
PubDate: 2022-10-14T05:59:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/01976931221128608
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