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Authors:John Henshaw, Martin Gallivan, Kaleigh Pollak Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print. This paper adopts a climate-conscious approach to archaeology, integrating environmental scientists’ definitions of extended droughts and megadroughts into the analysis of historical processes in the Chesapeake region of North America. We explore the relationship between drought conditions and historical processes through three case studies: Ancestral Monacans’ migration, the settlement dynamics in the Middle Potomac, and the emergence of the Powhatan chiefdom. Employing the Palmer Modified Drought Index as a paleoclimatic proxy, the research assesses how variations in rainfall and drought influenced migration, agriculture, and political formations. The findings underscore the complex interplay between Native history and environmental conditions, suggesting that the impact of climate on historical processes ranged from negligible to substantial, particularly with the adoption of maize-based agriculture. This study highlights the benefits of a climate-informed archaeological inquiry that recognizes the historically contingent ways in which climatic variability has shaped and is entangled with social change. Citation: North American Archaeologist PubDate: 2024-08-02T05:46:52Z DOI: 10.1177/01976931241267751
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Authors:Martin D Gallivan, Jessica A Jenkins, Sophie Thacker-Gwaltney Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print. Villages organized coastal Algonquian social life in the Chesapeake during the late precolonial and early colonial eras. Even so, archaeologists have only rarely attempted to interpret village or community organization in the region, relying instead on the assumption that communities overlapped closely with individual sites. This study challenges that assumption through a “non-site” assessment of survey and excavation data from Virginia's lower York River. This approach indicates that settlement along Indian Field Creek included spatially discrete but socially connected spaces that comprised the village of Kiskiak. With origins in the Mockley Phase (AD 200–900), this settlement form comes into clear view during the colonial era as a dispersed, creek-side village with domestic spaces around Indian Field Creek, community middens at its mouth, and a palisaded area overlooking the York. The dispersed village and its history in the region represent important dimensions of social life in the Native Chesapeake. Citation: North American Archaeologist PubDate: 2024-08-02T05:15:56Z DOI: 10.1177/01976931241264806
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Authors:Buck Woodard Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print. Mid-Atlantic Native archaeology has focused primarily on cultural horizons that predate the arrival of Europeans, culture contact phenomena, or the frontier dynamic of post-contact. In recent decades, the discipline has made important strides toward civic engagement with Native peoples. However, the focus on pre-contact/contact archaeology and settler history has inhibited the work of decolonization by unconsciously reaffirming colonialist narratives of Native disappearance. From the vantage of the public and present-day communities, several “middle centuries” of Indigenous experiences remain unexplained, and thus, an era of significant culture change is obscured. My call-to-action urges archaeologists to expand the lens of “deep history” across the prehistory/history divide into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, using historical anthropology to engage an understudied period of Indigenous cultural adaptation and persistence. In this article, I overview four examples of recent applied anthropological research that address these silenced spaces and consider decolonizing practices that align with the needs of Native communities. Citation: North American Archaeologist PubDate: 2024-07-26T09:21:55Z DOI: 10.1177/01976931241264511
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Authors:Emily C Kracht, Lindsay C Bloch Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print. Ceramic rattles and rattle vessel adornos have received little attention in current Caribbean archaeology literature and may be overlooked or misidentified in Caribbean ceramic collections due to their minimal audibility or “failure” during the construction process. Here, we evaluate existing reports of rattle ceramics and adornos in the Caribbean and report on the discovery of rattle adornos within collections at the Florida Museum of Natural History and the Yale Peabody Museum. A detailed analysis of adorno rattles, including microscopic analysis, measurement of sound intensity, and a replication experiment was conducted. This study answers questions regarding their technological construction, potential function, geospatial and temporal spread, and cultural implications to Indigenous groups in the Caribbean. Despite difficulty in their construction, adorno rattles and ceramic rattles appeared in the Greater and Lesser Antilles throughout the Ceramic Age and likely functioned in ceremonial spaces. Citation: North American Archaeologist PubDate: 2024-06-13T07:36:11Z DOI: 10.1177/01976931241260885
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Authors:Taylor B Callaway Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print. This paper describes the results of a multi-year reassessment of the Hand site (44SN0022) archeological collection. The Hand site, located on the Nottoway River in southeastern Virginia, was intensively excavated in the 1960s, revealing a complex Native American settlement at least three and a half acres in size. While prior researchers emphasized the site's ties to colonial actors and suggested the site's primary occupation dated to the turn of the seventeenth century, this reexamination instead demonstrates the site's primary components date to the Middle Woodland II (800–900 CE) and the Late Woodland (1200–1300 CE). Rather than a place of colonial encounter, this paper suggests the Hand site is better understood as a prominent Middle to Late Woodland principal town, where domestic and civic-ceremonial life regularly intersected. Citation: North American Archaeologist PubDate: 2024-06-05T07:53:58Z DOI: 10.1177/01976931241258982
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Authors:R Michael Stewart Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print. Botanical remains from dated Native American archeological contexts in the greater Upper Delaware Valley region are cataloged. This foundational chronology is necessary for future research related to paleoenvironments, human management of the environment, and the transition to a mixed farming, gathering and hunting subsistence economy. The chronologies of select botanicals and their relative importance for understanding Native American lifeways are highlighted. Citation: North American Archaeologist PubDate: 2024-04-22T08:09:40Z DOI: 10.1177/01976931231223958
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Authors:John P. McCarthy Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
Citation: North American Archaeologist PubDate: 2024-01-04T07:42:07Z DOI: 10.1177/01976931231224783
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Authors:Andrew P. Bradbury Abstract: North American Archaeologist, Ahead of Print.
Citation: North American Archaeologist PubDate: 2023-08-30T07:38:39Z DOI: 10.1177/01976931231198904
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