|
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society : 한국세라믹학회지
Number of Followers: 0  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 1229-7801 - ISSN (Online) 2234-0491 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
|
- Effect of separator coating layer thickness on thermal and electrochemical
properties of lithium-ion secondary batteries-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract This study addresses the critical gap in understanding the quantitative relationship between the thickness of ceramic coatings on separators and the overall performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Through a comprehensive investigation into the effects of varying alumina coating thicknesses on polyethylene (PE) separators, we have elucidated the impact of single-sided and double-sided coatings on separator characteristics and, consequently, on cell performance. Our findings demonstrate that increasing the thickness of the single-sided alumina coating up to 4 µm markedly enhances the mechanical and thermal stability of the separators. Also, we showed the superior thermal stability and electrochemical performance of 2 µm double-sided coating layer compared to 4 µm single-sided coating layer. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy, 3D shape analysis, and a suite of mechanical and electrochemical evaluations, we have detailed the positive ramifications of the alumina coating process. This study not only establishes a clear correlation between alumina coating thickness and separator performance but also advocates for an optimal double-side 2 µm alumina coating. Such a configuration promises to advance the energy density and safety of LIBs, offering insights for future battery development and separator optimization.
PubDate: 2024-08-06
-
- Compositional tuning of weighted mobility and phonon scattering in
Ti(S1-xSex)2: a strategy for high-performance thermoelectric materials-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract Transition metal dichalcogenides are promising thermoelectric materials due to the potential for manipulating their electronic and thermal properties through strategic alloying. Recent studies, such as the solid-solution alloying of TiSe2 with TiS2 demonstrate improved thermoelectric performance despite a reduction in electronic transport properties. This enhancement is attributed to a significant (~ 60%) reduction in lattice thermal conductivity. However, the effect of TiSe2 alloying in electronic band parameters and phonon scattering of Ti(S1-xSex)2 alloys for x in the range from 0 to 0.5 has not been studied. Herein, we investigate the impact of solid-solution alloying on the electronic and thermal transport properties of Ti(S1-xSex)2 alloys using the Single Parabolic Band (SPB) model and the Debye–Callaway (D–C) model, respectively. The SPB model analysis reveals a moderate decrease in the theoretical maximum power factors of the alloys due to a density-of-states effective mass decrease with increasing x. The D–C model confirms that the substantial reduction in lattice thermal conductivity in the alloy originates from strong point defect phonon scattering in Ti(S0.5Se0.5)2 (x = 0.5), where the maximum disorder occurs. Despite the decrease in weighted mobility with increasing x, the concurrent suppression of lattice thermal conductivity exerts a more dominant influence. This interplay results in the highest theoretical maximum zT at x = 0.4 according to theoretical calculations. Identification of the alloy composition with the highest thermoelectric quality factor is essential in designing transition metal dichalcogenide alloys with high thermoelectric performance.
PubDate: 2024-08-05
-
- Rheological properties of BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ (BZCYYb1711) tape
casting slurry and analysis of aggregation behavior-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract Rheological properties of BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ (BZCYYb1711) tape casting slurry is studied for the uniform, dense BZCYYb1711 tapes. The rheological characteristics of the slurry are analyzed with respect to sequential segments: powder + solvent (Seg.1), Seg.1 + dispersant (Seg.2), Seg.2 + plasticizer (Seg.3), and Seg.3 + binder (Seg.4). The aggregate structure under shear rate (D = 10–200 s−1) at different BZCYYb1711 powder volume fractions ( \(\phi = 0.05 - 0.30\) ) is investigated. It was confirmed that there are differences in the gel point in each segment, implying chemical additives influence the binding mechanism between particles. Based on these results, the fractal dimension (df) and shear dependence (m) were determined, confirming the formation of hard aggregates. Utilizing equations related to aggregate properties, the behavior of aggregates in each segment was analyzed. Additionally, viscosity behavior prediction models were employed to deduce the bonding strength within aggregates. Finally, the slurry composition was tested by tape casting and comparing the microstructure, mechanical property of green tapes made from the selected slurries.
PubDate: 2024-08-02
-
- Influence of Yb-doping on structural, dielectric and electrical properties
of SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics prepared through the molten-salt method-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract The precursors were mediated by transient eutectic salt, at 46 wt% NaNO3–54 wt% KNO3, in situ melted by moderate mechanical agitation to form colloidal suspension oxides dispersed in liquefied NaNO3–KNO3 salt. FTIR transmittance bands detected between 440 and 805 cm−1 are the characteristic bands of SrBi2Nb2O9 arising from the NbO6 octahedra. The XRD technique revealed that the expected products proceeded in an optimum calcination condition and a single phase was obtained without secondary phases. Yb-doped SrBi2Nb2O9 compounds exhibit strong absorption bands below 400 nm, with an onset in the visible region at 700 nm. The effect of dopants on morphology has not been seen through the SEM technique. The magnitude of the dielectric constant is mainly correlated to the intrinsic polarizability of bismuth. As a result, the addition of a small amount of Yb decreases the dielectric constant of SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics. Meanwhile, doping with Yb was used to demonstrate the decrease in dielectric loss either by inhibiting the transport of charge carriers or by enhancing ceramic density. The increase in ac conductivity as the temperature increases indicates the samples exhibit a negative temperature coefficient of resistance property.
PubDate: 2024-07-29
-
- Effect of sintering pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties
of (TiB2–SiC)/B4C composite ceramics-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract In this study, spark plasma sintering technology was used for fabricating B4C composite ceramics that contained 30 wt% (TiB2 + SiC) by altering the sintering pressures (0 MPa, 50 MPa, and 80 MPa) at a comparatively low temperature of 1650 °C. This study showed how sintering pressure affected the densification behavior, microstructures, and mechanical characteristics of composite ceramics. Elevating the sintering pressure led to the inhibition of grain growth during the sintering process, ultimately resulting in the refinement of grains within the composite ceramics. At the same time, the quantity of internal pores in the composite ceramics was reduced, and the relative densities increased, so the flexural strength and hardness of the composite ceramics could be effectively improved. The quantity of microcracks and large aspect ratio second phase particles decreased with an increase in sintering pressure, which adversely affected the fracture resistance characteristics of the composite ceramics. In addition, the growth of B4C grains was hindered by TiB2 and SiC generated by in-situ reactions, thus improving the mechanical characteristics of the composite ceramics. Comprehensive analysis showed that the composite ceramics had the best comprehensive mechanical properties when the sintering pressure was 80 MPa, displaying a relative density of 98.65%, a Vickers hardness of 30.71 GPa, a flexural strength of 531.19 MPa, and a fracture toughness of 5.78 MPa m1/2.
PubDate: 2024-07-29
-
- Photoelectrochemical properties of CuO nanostructures grown on a porous
CuO seed layer-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract This study explored the effects of microwave annealing durations on CuO nanostructures synthesized using microwave chemical bath deposition on a CuO seed layer. We focused on how varying annealing durations influenced the pore size and density of the CuO seed layers, subsequently affecting their morphological, structural, optical, electrical, and photoelectrochemical properties. Our findings reveal that extending the annealing time enhances these properties significantly, culminating in a peak photocurrent density of − 2.79 mA/cm2 at − 0.55 V vs. SCE after 10 min of annealing. This underscores the critical role of precise annealing control in optimizing CuO nanostructures for advanced photoelectrochemical applications.
PubDate: 2024-07-24
-
- Preparation and properties of electrospun Y2Si2O7 fiber reinforced
environmental barrier coatings-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract Y2Si2O7 ceramic fiber was prepared by the electrospinning technology and modified by adding TiSi2. The traditional Y2Si2O7 environmental barrier coating was strengthened by fiber toughening. the slurry coating method was used to prepare the coating. The synthesis temperature of Y2Si2O7 was found to be 1473 K. The thermal shock and oxidation resistance of the coating were studied, which indicated that the Y2Si2O7 fiber prepared by the electrospinning technology could reduce the thermal stress in the thermal shock test, and the modified fiber obtained the best result. In the study of antioxidant properties, the modified fiber-reinforced Y2Si2O7 coating lost only 2% after 30 h. Based on the advantages of these improvements, it can be used for aerospace-related material preparation.
PubDate: 2024-07-17
-
- Ionic conductivity and microstructural characteristics of NASICON-type
solid electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 affected by synthesis and
manufacturing processes for all solid-state battery-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract This study investigated the synthesis properties of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) with respect to heat treatment, and analyzed the ion conductivity properties in relation to the fabrication methods. The LATP powders (LATP_600 and LATP_700) calcined at 600 and 700 °C showed various secondary phases such as LiTiPO5 and AlPO4 along with the LATP phase. However, calcination at 800 °C for 2 h (LATP_800) resulted in the formation of only the LATP phase. When sintering at the same temperature (800 °C) after various calcination temperatures, LiTiPO5 did not occur in LATP_600–800, but did occur in LATP_700–800 and LATP_800–800. The ion conductivity characteristics of the LATP prepared by compression molding and tape casting methods revealed that the pellet LATP_800–800 and tape LATP_800–800 showed excellent total ion conductivity values of 7.7 × 10− 4 S/cm and 9.7 × 10− 4 S/cm at 25 °C. Specimens produced by compression molding showed abnormal grain growth (AGG), while those produced by tape casting exhibited a dense grain structure with suppressed AGG. Therefore, changing the specimen production method from compression molding to tape casting improved both the ion conductivity and microstructural properties of the synthesized LATP.
PubDate: 2024-07-16
-
- Effect of sintering additives of carbon black, SiC, Al2O3, and
Al2O3 + Y2O3 on microstructure and mechanical properties of B4C
ceramics-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract B4C ceramics are widely used as structural materials in the field of engineering. B4C ceramics are difficult to sinter; therefore, various sintering additives are added to B4C ceramics. The mechanisms of different sintering additives that promote the sintering of B4C ceramics are different. In this study, the effect of 3 wt % sintering additives of carbon black (CB), SiC, Al2O3, Al2O3 + Y2O3 on the phase compositions, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the hot-press sintered B4C ceramics with a certain degree of porosity are studied. When CB is selected as the sintering additive, there is no free carbon in the final B4C ceramics, which is attributed to its complete consumption with oxide film impurities existing on the B4C starting powders. The sintering additives of SiC and Al2O3 exist in the form of crystals, while Y3Al5O12 generated from the sintering additive of Al2O3 + Y2O3 exists in amorphous form in the final B4C ceramics. In the case of the same low additive amount, the sintering additives of Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12 are more conducive to promoting the sintering of B4C ceramics than the sintering additives of CB and SiC. The difference in the average gain sizes of the B4C ceramics with different types of sintering additives is not obvious. Different types of sintering additives determine the mechanical properties of the hot-press sintered B4C ceramics by affecting their porosity, grain size, and grain boundary characteristics.
PubDate: 2024-07-16
-
- Optimization of current density of dye-sensitized solar cells by Cd
substitution in the electron transport layer-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract This study addresses the growing need for energy worldwide and highlights the necessity of switching to sustainable options like dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which are well known for their affordability, ease of use, and competitive efficiency. Utilizing the sol–gel method, we synthesized diverse samples, including pristine TiO2, Cd-doped TiO2, and their heterostructures (TiO2@Cd–TiO2, Cd–TiO2@TiO2). A comprehensive evaluation encompassed structural, morphological, optical properties, and photovoltaic behavior through techniques like XRD, SEM, and UV–visible spectroscopy. Structural analysis highlighted the development of the anatase phase in all samples. The particles exhibited spherical grains, and heterostructures displayed dispersed particles with large sizes, enhancing electronic transport and dye absorption for efficient DSSCs. Cd–TiO2@TiO2 exhibits the shortest bandgap (3.24 eV). Notably, Cd–TiO2@TiO2 demonstrated favorable photovoltaic characteristics, including Jsc (8.65 ± 0.2 mA -cm2), Voc (0.78 ± 0.2 V), FF (0.718 ± 0.1), and efficiency (4.848 ± 0.5). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of TiO2@Cd–TiO2 and Cd–TiO2@TiO2 DSSCs unveiled distinct semicircles, indicating reduced charge transfer resistance and enhanced efficiency compared to TiO2-only DSSCs. This research contributes vital insights for advancing sustainable and efficient solar cell technologies.
PubDate: 2024-07-12
-
- Correction: Growth of (1 − x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–xKNbO3 single
crystals by the self-flux method and their characterisation-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- Facile fabrication of manganese telluride and graphene oxide nanostructure
for robust energy storage systems-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract This study presents hydrothermal synthesis of manganese telluride supported on graphene oxide (MnTe/GO) nanostructure, showcasing its exceptional potential as a material for supercapacitor applications. The thorough characterization of synthesized materials encompasses a variety of methodologies, notably X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis, which collectively elucidate their structural, morphological, and textural attributes. Electrochemical assessments, employing established techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and determination of electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), validate the exceptional performance of the synthesized materials. The nanocomposite MnTe/GO exhibits a heightened specific capacity (Csp) of 2203 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1, demonstrating an impressive retention rate of 99% over 2000 cycles, thus highlighting its superior stability. These enhanced electrochemical capabilities are ascribed to the effective incorporation of MnTe into GO sheets, facilitating electron transfer and augmenting the active electrochemical surface area. Consequently, the electroactive nanocomposites, featuring metal telluride nanostructures, emerge as promising candidates for next-generation, high-performance supercapacitor applications.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- Fabrication, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of
Ti(C,N)-HfN-WC-Ni-Mo cermets-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Ti(C,N)-HfN-WC-Ni-Mo cermets were fabricated, and effects of HfN and WC content and sintering temperature on their microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated. These cermets were primarily comprised of Ti(C0.41,N0.5), HfN, WC, TiC, Mo and Ni. At an additive concentration of 30 mol.%, the cermet exhibited the most homogeneous microstructure. The grain size gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature. The defects in the cermet sintered at 1500 ℃ significantly reduced, and the fine grains were homogeneously distributed. The fracture mode in cermets was a combination of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture. Vickers hardness increased, flexural strength and fracture toughness first increased and then decreased with an increase of HfN and WC content. The cermet sintered at 1500 ℃ exhibited better mechanical properties: Vickers hardness was 22.29 GPa, flexural strength was 1271.58 MPa, and fracture toughness was 7.33 MPa·m1/2. In addition, the toughening mechanism of the Ti(C,N)-HfN-WC cermets mainly involved crack deflection and bridging. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- Role of β-Si3N4 seeds in microstructure development and properties of
silicon nitride ceramics: a comprehensive review-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract This review examines the influence of β-Si3N4 seeds on the development of silicon nitride ceramics, a material with exceptional mechanical and thermal properties, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including automotive, space, and semiconductor industries. As technology advances, there is a growing demand for the development of new silicon nitride ceramic materials superior to the existing ones. The driving force for innovation and development resulted in the examination of β-Si3N4 seeds incorporated silicon nitride system. A self-reinforced microstructure with a bimodal grain size distribution must attain the desired properties, and the incorporation of β-Si3N4 seeds is required to achieve this. Hence, β-Si3N4 seeds are crucial for shaping the microstructure of silicon nitride ceramics and, consequently, their properties. This review article aims to highlight the advancement of β-Si3N4 seeds incorporated silicon nitride systems and its impact on the processing parameters, conditions, chemical composition, microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties. These effects demonstrate the multifaceted benefits of incorporating β-Si3N4 seeds, ultimately leading to improve the overall performance of silicon nitride ceramics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers, offering an insightful exploration of the pivotal role of β-seeds in shaping silicon nitride ceramics, consolidating existing knowledge, and highlighting future research avenues.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- Accelerated life test of chemically strengthened light weight glass
bottles by spray coating-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract This study investigated the strength retention and reliability of glass bottles through accelerated life tests in the presence and absence of chemical strengthening and hot end coating (HEC). Forced contact was induced by rotation up to 5000 times using a line simulator. As the number of rotations increased, the strength and lifespan of the untreated glass bottles gradually decreased. However, the number of chemically strengthened bottles was higher than that of untreated bottles. As the accelerated tests progressed, variations in impact strength were observed. In addition, the Weibull modulus, an indicator of reliability, was affected by the treatment. The survival probability of the glass increased from 0 to more than 90% when chemical strengthening was applied. Therefore, the chemical strengthening of the glass containers had an excellent life-extension effect, even in the absence of HEC.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- Exploring the optoelectronic properties of novel lead-free double halide
perovskites Cs2NaInX6 (X = Br, Cl, I) for photovoltaic applications:
DFT study-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract Materials science is crucially involved in researching advanced materials for energy conversion and storage. The discovery process has been accelerated by computational simulations, which have become a powerful tool for predicting the properties of new materials in recent years. This study examines the structural, electronic, and optical properties of double perovskites Cs2NaInX6 (X = Br, Cl, and I), emphasizing their potential use in energy conversion. Relevant results for optoelectronic applications have been obtained through a comparative study of the studied halide double perovskites. The compounds exhibit a high absorption coefficient of over 106 cm−1 in the ultraviolet, as demonstrated by the obtained results. In addition, these compounds are able to absorb light with a maximum absorption of 105 cm−1 in the visible range. Cs2NaInX6 double perovskite compounds exhibit direct semiconductor behavior with optical bandgap energy values of around 2.46, 3.44, and 1.64 eV for Cs2NaInBr6, Cs2NaInCl6, and Cs2NaInI6, respectively. The reached results led to the conclusion that Cs2NaInX6 compounds can be used as a promising candidate for optoelectronic and solar cell applications. Our understanding is that this is the first theoretical prediction of the electro-optical properties of these compounds that has not yet been confirmed experimentally.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- Resistive random access memory characteristics of NiO, NiO0.95, and
NiO0.95/NiO/NiO0.95 thin films-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract Resistive random access memory (RRAM) technology is receiving a lot of attention as one of the next-generation nonvolatile memory technologies with a simple device structure and fast operation speed. However, one of the problems that must be solved in RRAM technology is that the distribution of RRAM driving voltages of formation, SET, and RESET voltages is large. In this study, we investigated the RRAM driving voltage of formation, SET, and RESET voltages for Pt/NiO/Pt, Pt/NiO0.95/NiO/NiO0.95/Pt, and Pt/NiO0.95/Pt RRAM capacitors affected by an oxygen-deficient NiO0.95 layer. X-ray diffraction experiments confirmed that the NiO thin films exhibited reduced grain and worsened crystallinity as the oxygen vacancy concentration increased. In particular, increasing the oxygen vacancy concentration of the NiO thin films reduces the magnitude and the distribution of RRAM operating voltages of formation, SET, and RESET voltages. The decrease in RRAM operating voltages is due to the reduced Schottky barrier due to the increased oxygen vacancy concentration and the formation of a readily conducting filament due to the increased internal oxygen bonding. Additionally, it has been suggested that the reduced distribution of RRAM operating voltages is influenced by the formation volume of the conducting filament formed by increasing oxygen vacancy concentration.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- Densification, $${\beta} \to {\alpha}$$ transformation and nanoindentation
studies of SiCW/SiC composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract Polycarbosilane-derived SiCW/SiC composites were processed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Whisker-reinforced composites were densified with faster rates to a maximum density of ~ 98%, indicative of positive influence of SiC whiskers on densification behavior. Electron backscattered diffraction study confirmed the presence of twins in the sintered composites. A misorientation angle of 60° resembled to {111} twin boundaries. Twin density was found to increase with SPS temperature and whisker contest. Twin boundaries were found to be responsible for \({\beta} \to {\alpha}\) SiC transformation. Hardness increased sharply with the increase in whisker content and a decrease in grain size. The maximum hardness of 23.4 GPa was observed in 20% SiCW/SiC composite. Nanoindentation study reflects the positive effect of whiskers on hardness and elastic modulus.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- Synthesis, characterization, and dielectric properties of Y-doped
strontium bismuth niobate (SrBi2−xYxNb2O9) ceramics: a lead-free
ferroelectric alternative with enhanced performance-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract The scientific research findings emphasize the need to replace lead-based ferroelectric ceramics with environmentally friendly alternatives, driving heightened research interest in materials rivaling the performance of lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Among potential substitutes, bismuth layered structure ferroelectrics (BLSF), or Aurivillius compounds, have gained prominence. Our focus is on synthesizing Y-doped strontium bismuth niobate (SrBi2−xYxNb2O9), a BLSF material. Employing the solid-state treatment method, the structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of undoped and doped ceramics were scrutinized. Characterization involved X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dielectric properties were systematically evaluated across frequencies and temperatures. XRD revealed the formation of the pure phase structure SrBi2Nb2O9 at 1100 °C, with no secondary phases. FTIR exhibited characteristic bands at approximately 619 cm−1 and 810 cm−1. SEM displayed thin plate-like grains and crystallites (sizes < 1 nm and 24 nm, respectively). The SrBi2−xYxNb2O9 ceramic demonstrated low dielectric loss values. Yttrium substitution for bismuth notably shifted the ferroelectric–paraelectric transition temperature from 460 to 435 °C, influencing dielectric constant behavior at higher frequencies. Structural and property changes were attributed to physicochemical phenomena, elucidated by considering density and lattice parameters.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
- A novel heterostructure of Cr-doped TiO2 for reducing the recombination
rate of dye sensitized solar cells-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Abstract: Abstract According to reports, a unique method to improve the efficiency of titanium dioxide (TiO2) dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) involves inserting foreign ions into the material’s lattice structure before forming the heterostructure. The sol–gel technique has been used to produce films of TiO2, Cr–TiO2, TiO2@Cr–TiO2, and Cr–TiO2@TiO2. A small quantity of rutile phase with the anatase phase was observed in heterostructures, and XRD validated the anatase phase of pure Cr–TiO2@TiO2, which contains a large grain size (46 nm). SEM presents numerous well-formed, homogenous grains in the structure of Cr–TiO2@TiO2, providing a large surface area for dye loading in DSSCs. Among all samples, Cr–TiO2@TiO2 exhibits a small band gap (Eg) (3.2 eV), and high transmittance in the visible spectrum has been observed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The Cr–TiO2@TiO2 cell demonstrates high Jsc (7.69 mA-cm−2), Voc (0.79 V), and efficiency (4.57%). The small recombination resistance, verified from EIS, is responsible for this high efficiency.
PubDate: 2024-07-01
-
