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International Journal of Press/Politics
Journal Prestige (SJR): 2.458  Citation Impact (citeScore): 3 Number of Followers: 12  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 1940-1612 - ISSN (Online) 1940-1620 Published by Sage Publications  [1176 journals]
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- Asymmetric Polarization in Online Media Engagement in the United States
Congress-
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Authors: Michael Heseltine
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
In their online communications, political elites may choose to strategically eschew mainstream media sources and engage with alternative media outlets based on ideological and strategic considerations about the type of content they wish to legitimize or amplify to their followers. This is particularly true on social media which has become a fertile breeding ground for viral non-mainstream media content. Using an extensive dataset of social media posts sent from Members of the U.S. Congress between 2011 and 2022 (6.3 million tweets, 2.3 million Facebook posts), this article explores how media engagement in congressional online communications has evolved over time. The results suggest clear trends of asymmetric polarization, both in terms of media link sharing and media handle engagement, with Republican homophily and extremity of engagement growing steadily over time. This growing extremity is explained by changing Member behavior rather than changes in the composition of Congress and is primarily driven by more ideologically extreme Members of the Republican party increasingly engaging with rightwing and alt-right media. These trends have intensified in recent years, especially after the election of Donald Trump in 2016. Collectively, these results shed light on shifting ideological trends in media engagement and have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between political elites and the media in a highly polarized contemporary political environment.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-11-24T09:13:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231211800
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- Rejoinder to the Review of Inside the Local Campaign: Constituency
Elections in Canada-
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Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-11-09T12:15:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231209163
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- Interpreters as Spin Doctors: The Interactional Role of Interpreters in
China’s Political Press Conferences-
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Authors: Ruey-Ying Liu
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
China’s political press conferences have received increasing academic attention as they provide a revealing window into the workings of the political communication system in the authoritarian context. However, the interactional role that interpreters play in these cross-linguistic press conferences remains underexamined. Taking a conversational analytic approach, this qualitative study empirically examines the interactional import of government interpreters’ practices at the Chinese Premier’s Press Conferences (CPPCs) from 2007 to 2023. The analysis reveals that interpreters consistently transform journalists’ questions with respect to (1) word choices, (2) contextual backgrounds, and (3) question forms. These transformative practices work to soften the critical messages that these questions would otherwise convey while also enabling politicians to more easily address these questions without having to deal with the negative consequences that might otherwise follow. I argue that government interpreters in CPPCs actively intervene in substantive ways consistent with a spin doctor role within press conference exchanges.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-10-13T10:38:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231204514
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- Do News Frames Really Have Some Influence in the Real World' A
Computational Analysis of Cumulative Framing Effects on Emotions and
Opinions About Immigration-
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Authors: Lei Guo, Chris Chao Su, Hsuan-Ting Chen
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
This study examines how the news framing of immigration influences the public’s feelings toward immigrants and their preference for immigration policy in the United States. Unlike prior experimental research that documents the respondents’ immediate reactions to several hand-crafted news frames, this study provides strong empirical evidence for the association between the respondents’ real-world news exposure and their opinion change over time. Combining a computational media content analysis and a two-wave panel survey, the research demonstrates that while exposure to certain frames in the mainstream media would directly lead to public support for a stricter immigration policy, partisan media tend to affect public opinion indirectly by influencing their feelings toward immigrants in opposite directions.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-10-06T11:08:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231204535
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- Political Viewpoint Diversity in the News: Market and Ownership Conditions
for a Pluralistic Media System-
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Authors: Marcel Garz, Mart Ots, Helle Sjøvaag
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
The assumption that ownership has an effect on the diversity of news is based on the forms of control that ownership allows and the market conditions in which ownership is exercised. In this study, we perform a large-scale analysis of the Swedish newspaper market, surveying 130 newspapers and parliamentary speeches over a period of six years (2014–2019), to substantiate to what extent market and for-profit ownership forms impact political viewpoint diversity. Our analysis shows that newspapers with market leadership and chain ownership offer more political viewpoint diversity than number two and single-owned papers. In contrast, the ownership forms surveyed here (private, foundation, and publicly traded ownerships) display little effect on newspapers’ internal diversity. We also find that a greater number of papers in a local market does not imply more external diversity in that market. The analysis thus offers some nuance to the notion that ownership form and market pluralism are prerequisites for viewpoint diversity, highlighting instead the importance of scale effects for pluralistic media systems.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-09-21T05:07:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231178254
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- “Everything is Biased”: Populist Supporters’ Folk
Theories of Journalism-
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Authors: Clara Juarez Miro
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Populist supporters have a complex relationship with journalism (e.g., embracing elites’ negative rhetoric, yet consuming news profusely). This study explores this relationship. The notion of folk theories informs an inductive analysis of thirty-three in-depth interviews conducted in 2021 with right-wing and left-wing populist supporters in the United States and Spain to understand how they (RQ1) make sense of their news consumption habits and (RQ2) navigate the current high-choice media environment to stay informed. Findings reveal three interconnected folk theories that populist supporters drew from in explaining their news consumption: (1) “everything is biased,” (2) “it’s a way of seeing what other people think,” and (3) “it’s a pleasurable source of information.” Findings additionally support an important role of emotion underlying these folk theories, which helped participants reconcile their negative views of journalism with the pleasure they derived from meeting ingrained normative democratic ideals.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-09-09T09:48:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231197617
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- Populism in Context: A Cross-Country Investigation of the Facebook Usage
of Populist Appeals During the 2019 European Parliament Elections-
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Authors: Márton Bene, Melanie Magin, Jörg Haßler, Uta Russmann, Darren Lilleker, Simon Kruschinski, Daniel Jackson, Vicente Fenoll, Xénia Farkas, Paweł Baranowski, Delia Balaban
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Recent scholarship demonstrated that Facebook is a fertile space for populist political communication as its unmediated and viral nature make populist appeals highly efficient in mobilizing voters. However, less attention has been paid to the way these populist messages appear through political actors’ Facebook communication, and what post- and page-level factors they are associated with. We investigate these questions in the context of the 2019 European Parliament election based on a unique cross-national dataset covering twelve European countries. In this study, we categorized 8,074 Facebook posts published on the main Facebook pages of sixty-seven parties. Our findings show that different populist appeals are used in specific ways. For example, at the post level, anti-elitism is frequently used in relation to economy, labor and social policy, and immigration; people-centric appeals are associated with labor and social policy and used when parties call for action, while out-group messages are not related to other topics beyond immigration. “Ideational populist” communication is more frequently articulated in European level and related to the topics of economy and labor and social policy. At the party level, it seems that there are still sharp differences between populist and non-populist parties in their communication.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-09-05T06:20:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231196158
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- “Polite Watchdog”: Kompas and Watchdog Journalism in
Post-Authoritarian Indonesia-
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Authors: Wijayanto, Masduki
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Many studies have argued that watchdog journalism cannot flourish under authoritarianism. However, the effect of the democratization of previously authoritarian regimes on watchdog journalism is still poorly understood. This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by using Kompas, Indonesia’s oldest daily newspaper, as a case study. Drawing on four years of ethnographic fieldwork (2013–2017) within Kompas’s newsroom and one year of archival review (2020–2021), this study shows that the newspaper did not truly function as a watchdog. Instead, it developed a specific style that we conceptualize as “polite” watchdog journalism, that is, monitoring the wrongdoing of those in power in such a manner that does not hurt the feelings of those in power. This style of journalism was developed in response to the cultural and political-economic forces that intersected in and shaped its newsroom. Kompas developed close relationships with authoritarian power holders, thereby avoiding the persistent threat of bans and securing the economic advantages of their close ties with those in power. After the regime change, polite journalism continued to be practiced, both to maintain its political leverage and to preserve its economic advantage in the post-authoritarian era.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-08-30T06:18:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231196155
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- Book Review: Patrick Ferrucci and Scott Eldridge (eds.) Institutions
Changing Journalism: Barbarians Inside the Gate-
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Authors: Stephen D. Reese
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-31T06:11:36Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231191028
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- Reporting on Black Lives Matter in 2020: How Digital Black Press Outlets
Covered the Racial Uprisings-
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Authors: Miya Williams Fayne, Allissa V. Richardson
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
George Floyd’s fatal police encounter sparked the largest social justice movement in American history. Black press journalists in the United States found themselves documenting and coping with Black trauma as they performed their duties in pandemic-mandated isolation. Through semi-structured interviews with digital Black press journalists, this study, which was conducted between 2020 and 2021, explores the reporting and personal strategies these journalists deployed during tumultuous times. We found they (1) provided humanizing and ongoing social justice coverage; (2) relied on Black experts, activists, and their readers as sources; (3) created social media content that appealed to Black and non-Black audiences; and (4) cared for each other and readers to build intracultural support. Our findings illuminate how the digital Black press practiced “movement journalism,” an approach that centers oppressed people and counters protest paradigm-style coverage.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-29T12:11:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231187562
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- Book Review: Darren Lilleker and Anastasia Veneti (eds.) Research Handbook
on Visual Politics-
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Authors: Xénia Farkas
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-28T05:29:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231190316
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- Framing Revolution: Multiframe News Themes in Lebanon’s October 2019
Uprising-
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Authors: Sally Farhat, Jad Melki
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
This study examines news framing of partisan media during uprisings. Through mixed methods, it studies the framing of Lebanon’s October 2019 protests, compares frames across political divides, and interprets story themes based on associations between multiple frames. First, the qualitative media framing analysis (MFA) inductively interprets issue-specific frames. Then, the quantitative content analysis deductively examines the developed issue-specific frames and the generic frames across five partisan news channels and tests the relationship between them and across the pro- and anti-protests media. Finally, multiple associated frames are grouped together into news story themes. Results from the MFA reveal six frames: solidarity, head-to-head, individualization, acknowledgment, disruption, and peace through violence frames. The study detected the frequent deployment of the solidarity, conflict, and acknowledgment frames and a significant framing difference between pro- and anti-protest channels. Pro-protest channels more often deployed the solidarity frame, while anti-protest channels more frequently used the conflict, acknowledgment, disruption, and economic consequence frames. Finally, the study developed four story themes based on associations between frames: Blame the protestors or the politicians; protestor violence begets government violence; divided they suffer; and politicians may not only be the culprits but also the solution. The resulting multiframe news themes offer nuanced meaning to generic frames that frequently appear with issue-specific frames and highlight the different roles a singular news frame can play when combined with other frames.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-24T08:59:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231187831
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- How Loud Does the Watchdog Bark' A Reconsideration of Losing Local
Journalism, News Nonprofits, and Political Corruption-
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Authors: Nikki Usher, Sanghoon Kim-Leffingwell
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Journalism has long been presumed to serve as a check on the powerful, shedding light on wrongdoing; however, as local newspapers reach market failure, extant theory predicts corruption will go unchecked. We operationalize corruption as federal prosecutions for public corruption (PPCs), defined by the US Department of Justice as crimes involving the abuse of public trust by federal, state, and local public officials. We examine changes in the local news media ecosystems: first, whether declines in local newspaper employment and circulation are associated with changes in PPCs; and second, whether efforts to supplement watchdog journalism with nonprofit journalism might mitigate associated declines in federal PPC. Our findings suggest nonprofit interventions in failing local commercial news markets may be an important safeguard for keeping public officials accountable.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-22T07:14:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231186939
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- The Middle Region Populism of Giorgia Meloni and Matteo Renzi on Instagram
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Authors: Tommaso Trillò, Giovanni Daniele Starita
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
This paper investigates the Instagram self-presentation of Italian party leaders Giorgia Meloni and Matteo Renzi. Building on the notion that circumstances are crucial to the construction of the self through digital photography, we argue that the two leaders strategically use setting and accompaniment to navigate the demands of their populist self-presentation as “ordinary super leaders”: exceptional celebrity-like personae whose lives remain nonetheless close to those of their constituents. To make our case, we analyze a corpus of images featuring the two leaders posted on their Instagram profiles during 2020 (266 for Meloni and 158 for Renzi). Our findings suggest that Meloni and Renzi alternate and remix celebrity practices of exclusivity, exceptionalism, and everydayness in an attempt to come across as simultaneously extraordinary and ordinary, aspirational and relatable. Inspired by Meyrowitz’s “middle region politics,” we propose the notion of middle region populism to describe how populist leaders leverage the affordances of an image-centric social media platform and the vernacular of internet celebrity to curate an online presence in which they pose as exceptionally charismatic yet ordinary and relatable.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-22T07:11:15Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231186938
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- Book Review: Inside the Local Campaign: Constituency Elections in Canada
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Authors: Richard Johnston
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-21T12:54:29Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231189667
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- Institutional Trust and Media Use in Times of Cultural Backlash: A
Cross-National Study in Nine European Countries-
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Authors: Marc Verboord, Susanne Janssen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, Franziska Marquart
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
The paper contributes to the study of institutional trust by making a connection to “cultural backlash” theory and analyzing more recent forms of news consumption. We examine how trust in politics, media, and science is shaped by “cultural backlash” and media use in nine European countries. We employ representative survey data collected in 2021 in Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom as part of a large European research project. The results suggest that both exogenous (or “cultural”) and endogenous (or “institutional”) dimensions of cultural backlash matter for explaining institutional trust. Trust benefits from progressive–liberal values and less ideological extremism, but is hindered by discontentment with societal developments and political disengagement. Using public television is positively, and social media negatively associated with trust. While we find distinctions across institutions, there is huge consistency across countries.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-21T09:36:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231187568
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- Attacks Against Journalists in Brazil: Catalyzing Effects and Resilience
During Jair Bolsonaro’s Government-
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Authors: Joao V. S. Ozawa, Josephine Lukito, Taeyoung Lee, Anita Varma, Rosental Alves
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Attacks on journalists have become a growing concern in democracies around the world. Past scholarship suggests that such attacks could lead to a chilling effect of journalists self-censoring their reporting. However, there is limited empirical work that substantiates the effects of attacks on journalists. To empirically test the existence of chilling effects, this mixed-methods study uses the conditions of journalism under Jair Bolsonaro’s government in Brazil as an exploratory case study. We investigate how attacks (N = 901) and propaganda messages (N = 518,853) impacted news coverage (N = 20,998) in the first two years of Bolsonaro’s government, based on time series analysis and in-depth interviews with journalists (N = 18). Our results suggest that, despite the increase in government attacks, Brazilian journalists do not exhibit chilling effects; instead, they display what we call catalyzing effects. Our time series results showed that an increase in state propaganda leads to an increase in news coverage. Furthermore, our qualitative data affirms the concept of catalyzing effects. Findings from the interviews suggest that catalyzing effects operate as a form of resilience among journalists. Catalyzing effects do not necessarily manifest as more coverage, but as persistent coverage despite ongoing criticisms and threats (both social and physical). Our findings offer a path forward, highlighting the importance of bringing the discussion about violence and attacks against journalists back to the community of journalists experiencing this hostility. Network support, journalists said, has been crucial, which points to the need for a solidarity infrastructure that supports journalists’ constructive role in society.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-07-07T06:54:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231182618
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- Book Review: Erik Bleich, and A. Maurits van der Veen, Covering Muslims:
American Newspapers in Comparative Perspective-
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Authors: Novi Kurnia
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-06-17T06:00:29Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231182619
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- More Than Just a Strongman: The Strategic Construction of Viktor
Orbán’s Charismatic Authority on Facebook-
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Authors: Julia Sonnevend, Veronika Kövesdi
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Populist leaders are often described as “strongmen,” receiving a somewhat two-dimensional Western press coverage that cannot explain their local popularity. Based on visual and textual analysis of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s Facebook, we argue that he has a more complex social media persona. Orbán’s Facebook shows him as (1) a fighter against a variety of enemies, (2) a symbolic condensation of the nation, (3) a relatable politician with (4) a gentleness toward children and animals, and (5) a strong competence in elite political contexts. Orbán uses his charismatic authority on Facebook to draw the boundaries of the Hungarian nation, presenting himself as the iconic representation of “Hungarian-ness.” The building blocks of his image are constantly being adapted to the current political situation and to shifts in public opinion. The Orbán image is, thus, a fluid and pragmatic material with only a few core principles and its popularity remains steadfast despite the brand’s contradictions. Understanding the appeal of Orbán’s self-representation may help us better grasp populist regimes’ variation and success worldwide.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-06-15T06:44:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231179120
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- “Minimal” and “Biased”: An Intersectional Analysis of Female
Candidates’ Perceptions of Their Local News Coverage-
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Authors: Andrea Lorenz
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
This qualitative study analyzes the perceptions of US women political candidates about their local news coverage at a pivotal moment of change in both journalism and electoral politics. Through an intersectional approach, in-depth interviews with thirty-seven women who recently ran for office from 2016 to 2020 revealed findings in two areas of news research: local news declines and gender bias in political news. First, massive declines in local news capacities have trickled into local political communication, which, along with affordances of social media, point to a decline in relevance of local media to local campaigns. Second, participants perceived bias in their news coverage based on an identity intersecting with their gender, partisan affiliation, or both. Their experiences offered two potential ways forward for local news to reattain relevancy in local elections in countries of local news declines: through accountability journalism, and by diversifying staff to meet the needs of a diversifying electoral slate of candidates.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-05-31T06:43:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231178755
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- Book Review: Hate Speech and Polarization in Participatory Society
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Authors: Sílvia Majó-Vázquez
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-05-25T09:32:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231172318
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- Book Review: Sandra Jeppesen, Michael Hoechsmann, iowyth hezel ulthiin,
David VanDyke, & Miranda McKee (Eds.) The Capitol Riots. Digital Media,
Disinformation, and Democracy Under Attack-
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Authors: Georgios Samaras
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-05-11T09:46:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231172315
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- Fostering Bottom-Up Censorship From the Top-Down: Nationalism and Media
Restrictions-
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Authors: Nicole Anderson, Aerin Commins, Jenifer Whitten-Woodring
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
From US President Donald Trump’s Tweet labeling news media “the enemy of the people” to Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s establishment of a politically appointed Media Authority, media freedom is under threat in democracies and nondemocracies alike. According to Freedom House, in 2016 media freedom declined globally to its lowest level since 2003, with Europe experiencing the largest regional decrease. We investigate the relationship between government and media in Hungary and Poland and develop a theory that the rise of nationalist sentiment and leaders who leverage this sentiment to encourage censorship from the bottom-up has led to increased media restrictions from the top-down. We posit that bottom-up censorship will erode media credibility and make people more accepting of top-down media restrictions, which could, in turn, lead to nationalism unchecked by the fourth estate. Using a multilevel analysis of World Values Survey, we analyze the relationship between nationalism and media distrust. Using a cross-national time series, we analyze the relationship between nationalist sentiment and media restrictions. We find that increased nationalism is indeed associated with media distrust and media restrictions.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-05-11T09:45:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231172306
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- National Independence Versus Traditional Culture: Framing the Same-Sex
Marriage Movement and Countermovement in Taiwan-
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Authors: Xiaomei Sun, Yidong Steven Wang, Douglas M. McLeod
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Taiwan’s legalization of same-sex marriage in 2019 made it the first nation in Asia to grant marital rights to gay and lesbian couples. In the years leading up to legalization, the Marriage Equality Coalition Taiwan (pro-same-sex marriage) and the Coalition for the Happiness of Our Next Generation (anti-same-sex marriage) mobilized large-scale social movements on social media between 2016 and 2017 to influence the legislative process. The network structure and affordances of digital platforms have facilitated communication and mobilization for social movements. However, new technology alone does not guarantee participation, and cultural aspects of mobilization on digital platforms are an important area of study. This paper examines the framing strategies these two organizations used on Facebook pages and the political and cultural contexts that facilitated or constrained frame alignment. A mixed-method framing analysis combining quantitative and qualitative methods of their Facebook posts revealed that the supporting group framed same-sex marriage as an issue of human rights and as a democratic development linked to Taiwan’s goal of national independence, whereas the opposing group framed it as a destruction of traditional culture concerning family values and social order. Our analysis identified the distinct features of framing strategy in Taiwan’s marriage equality movement and countermovement, including the appeal to nationalism and the downplaying of religion, that were affected by Taiwan’s specific political and cultural contexts.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-05-11T09:42:16Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231171265
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- What Can We Learn From the Short History of Independent Media in Serbia'
Radio B92, George Soros, and New Models of Media Development-
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Authors: Janet Steele
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Radio B92 was an iconic independent media institution in Serbia. Founded in 1989, B92 provided Belgrade listeners with subversive rock music, high-quality journalism, and independent perspectives on politics in the former Yugoslavia. An early adapter to the internet, B92 has been credited with sparking the many demonstrations that took place in Belgrade during the 1990s. While the role of Radio B92 during the turbulent days of the Yugoslav Wars is well known, less known is the role of its first CEO and news director in the creation of what would become the Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF). Drawing on semi-structured interviews with journalists, scholars, funders, diplomats, and media observers conducted in Belgrade in 2022, this study argues that much can be learned from the case of Radio B92 and the short history of independent media in Serbia. Although B92 ultimately met a tragic death at the hands of privatization and “market censorship,” the “impact investment” model of media development it sparked lives on. Combining affordable loan and equity financing with technical assistance and advisory services, MDIF’s model helps struggling news organizations avoid dependency on grants. Although the 2022 reelection of President Aleksandar Vučić demonstrates his party’s successful state capture of Serbian news media, a look back at the case of Radio B92 has implications for the broader question of what works in international media assistance and why.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-05-11T09:39:16Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231170092
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- “Repressed Opposition Media” or “Tools of Hybrid Warfare”'
Negotiating the Boundaries of Legitimate Journalism in Ukraine Prior to
Russia's Full-Scale Invasion-
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Authors: Kostiantyn Yanchenko, Alona Shestopalova, Gerret von Nordheim, Katharina Kleinen-von Königslöw
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
In transitional democracies, the boundary work of defining journalism and through this, ousting certain media actors as illegitimate and threatful to national security and/or democratic stability can hold a particular urgency. This article considers the sanctions against three Russia-affiliated TV channels by the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council adopted in February 2021 – and the ensuing public debate on this decision – as a particularly informative case of such boundary work. Using thematic analysis of materials from Ukrainian news sites and TV talk shows, the article maps out how media regulators and representatives of the sanctioned and non-sanctioned media outlets competed over the authority to define the boundaries of legitimate journalism in Ukraine amid growing security threats. The findings show that the regulator labeled the sanctioned TV channels as “parasites of journalism,” situated within the Ukrainian media system, yet functioning in the interest of a foreign state. In turn, the sanctioned media actors styled themselves as repressed opposition media, attacking both regulators and non-sanctioned media for undemocratic intervention and a lack of professional solidarity, respectively. Lastly, non-sanctioned media actors have largely supported the sanction decision and detached from the sanctioned actors’ self-legitimation discourse. The study contributes to the literature on boundary work in journalism and showcases how a novel theory of parasites of journalism can enhance the analysis of complex discourses surrounding antagonistic media actors, including in non-Western contexts.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-04-03T07:19:02Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231167791
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- “I Don’t Think That’s True, Bro!” Social Corrections of
Misinformation in India-
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Authors: Sumitra Badrinathan, Simon Chauchard
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Fact-checks and corrections of falsehoods have emerged as effective ways to counter misinformation online. But in contexts with encrypted messaging applications (EMAs), corrections must necessarily emanate from peers. Are such social corrections effective' If so, how substantiated do corrective messages need to be' To answer these questions, we evaluate the effect of different types of social corrections on the persistence of misinformation in India ([math]5,100). Using an online experiment, we show that social corrections substantially reduce beliefs in misinformation, including in beliefs deeply anchored in salient group identities. Importantly, these positive effects are not systematically attenuated by partisan motivated reasoning, highlighting a striking difference from Western contexts. We also find that the presence of a correction matters more relative to how sophisticated this correction is: substantiating a correction with a source only improves its effect in a minority of cases; besides, when social corrections are effective, citing a source does not drastically improve the size of their effect. These results have implications for both users and platforms and speak to countering misinformation in developing countries that rely on private messaging apps.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-02-27T12:16:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231158770
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- Challenging the Global Cultural Conflict Narrative: An Automated Content
Analysis on How PerPetrator Identity Shapes Worldwide News Coverage of
Islamist and Right-Wing Terror Attacks-
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Authors: Chung-hong Chan, Hartmut Wessler, Marc Jungblut, Kasper Welbers, Scott Althaus, Joseph Bajjalieh, Wouter van Atteveldt
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Recent terrorist attacks such as the Christchurch mosque attacks in 2019 renew the discussion of whether right-wing attacks are reported less negatively than Islamist attacks. To clarify this point, our study is the first to combine the selection of media inside and outside the West with a distinction between Islamist and right-wing attacks. We compare coverage given to thirty-two right-wing and forty Islamist attacks from 2015 to 2019 in nine Western and eight non-Western English-language media outlets, tapping the differential use of the “terrorist/terrorism” label and textual sentiment. Both (many) Western and (some) non-Western media use this label more frequently in the coverage of Islamist attacks. Importantly, public diplomacy channels from non-Western countries such as China Daily and Sputnik also demonstrate this pattern. Delegitimizing Islamist attacks more than right-wing attacks thus cannot be explained as merely a Western phenomenon alone. We point to alternative explanations and call for greater standardization of coverage across Islamist and right-wing attacks.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-02-22T01:00:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231157655
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- Pandemic Nationalism: Use of Government Social Media for Political
Information and Belief in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories in China-
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Authors: Anfan Chen, Yingdan Lu, Kaiping Chen, Aaron Yikai Ng
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
The COVID-19 pandemic unleashed a torrent of conspiracy theories across different social media platforms. Parallel to this conspiracy wave was a heightened sense of nationalism, which manifested through both in-group solidarity and perceived out-group threats. In this study, we examine how individuals’ use of government social media to gather political information correlated with nation-related conspiracy beliefs during the pandemic. Data were collected from 745 subjects in China and analyzed through path analyses, which allowed us to examine the direct association with political information consumption from government social media and the indirect association with nationalism on conspiracy beliefs. The results indicated that the use of government social media to gather political information was associated with greater beliefs in nation-variant COVID-19 conspiracies, both directly and through different mediations of nationalism. Our findings highlight the importance of examining government social media use and how nationalism can have differentiated mediation effects on beliefs in conspiracy theories.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-02-06T08:56:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231153107
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- News Can Help! The Impact of News Media and Digital Platforms on Awareness
of and Belief in Misinformation-
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Authors: Sacha Altay, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Richard Fletcher
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Does the news media exacerbate or reduce misinformation problems' Although some news media deliberately try to counter misinformation, it has been suggested that they might also inadvertently, and sometimes purposefully, amplify it. We conducted a two-wave panel survey in Brazil, India, and the UK (N = 4732) to investigate the effect of news and digital platform use on awareness of and belief in COVID-19 misinformation over time (January to February 2022). We find little support for the idea that the news exacerbates misinformation problems. News use broadened people's awareness of false claims but did not increase belief in false claims—in some cases, news use actually weakened false belief acquisition, depending on access mode (online or offline) and outlet type. In line with previous research, we also find that news use strengthens political knowledge gain over time, again depending on outlets used. The effect of digital platforms was inconsistent across countries, and in most cases not significant—though some, like Twitter, were associated with positive outcomes while others were associated with negative outcomes. Overall, our findings challenge the notion that news media, by reporting on false and misleading claims, ultimately leave the public more misinformed, and support the idea that news helps people become more informed and, in some cases, more resilient to misinformation.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-02-06T08:55:33Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612221148981
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- Populism and Critical Incidents in Journalism: Has Bolsonaro Disrupted the
Mainstream Press in Brazil'-
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Authors: Francisco Paulo Jamil Marques
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Despite the increasing number of studies examining the conflicts between the media and populist leaders, understanding how such clashes prompt shifts in journalism norms and practices remains to be thoroughly explored. Based on a literature review and the discussion of an extensive array of examples characterizing the Brazilian media setting, this article provides a qualitative assessment of how Jair Bolsonaro's rhetoric and actions have triggered a “critical incident” in our mainstream journalism. We consider four dimensions currently experiencing transformations: the media's (1) institutional responses and campaigns, (2) production of the news, (3) production of editorials, and (4) how media professionals have reacted to populist attacks. There is evidence that journalism has increasingly become a central topic in news texts. We have also cataloged changes in news production routines (e.g., the editors’ hesitancy to send reporters to cover some political events), the use of editorials to reinforce metajournalistic discourses, and shifts in how professionals make sense of their work. Our findings contribute to the broader literature by investigating how traditional borders and values of journalism are renegotiated during institutional crises. In addition, our analytical framework can be applied to other media settings experiencing similar tensions and help underpin the construction of empirical variables to understand meaningful changes in the field. Lastly, this study considers the possible effects that change in norms, routines, and practices can have on the democratic roles of journalism.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-02-02T06:30:29Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612231153110
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- ‘Keeping an Eye on the Other Side’ RT, Sputnik, and Their Peculiar
Appeal in Democratic Societies-
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Authors: Charlotte Wagnsson, Torsten Blad, Aiden Hoyle
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
The reach of illiberal international propaganda outlets rests on citizens in democratic countries as recipients and potential disseminators. However, little research has scrutinised the audiences for such platforms. Why do audiences in democratic states consume content from such outlets, and how far do they actually align with it ideologically' The present research seeks to address this gap. Building on and extending the recent research findings of a large-scale survey, interviews with Swedish media consumers were conducted between 23 March and 13 April 2022, providing a unique close-up on a group of media consumers who stated that they consumed, among other alternative media, the Russian state-sponsored media outlets RT and Sputnik as part of their media diet. The findings, elicited through interviews and the Q-sort method, challenge previous research that presents this audience in a one-dimensional way. First, we investigate their alignment with different political narratives, identifying three different profiles. Although only one profile generally aligned with the RT/Sputnik messaging, almost all the participants appreciate the content and share it on social media. Secondly, we examine their rationale for consumption, revealing a diverse array of motivations, and leading us to theorise four distinct consumption profiles: Distant Observers, Reluctant Consumers, Media Nihilists and Establishment Critics. We interpret these results and discuss their broader implications, before reflecting on the complexities of characterising audiences consuming authoritarian international broadcasting.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-01-18T08:19:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612221147492
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- The Medium and the Message in Argentina's Presidential Campaigns
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Authors: Kevin Pallister, Erin Fitzpatrick
Abstract: The International Journal of Press/Politics, Ahead of Print.
Do campaigns message to voters consistently across different media' And do competing candidates tend to converge over time on a single national style of campaign messaging' To address these questions, this article employs novel data from a content analysis of campaign spots and candidate tweets from the 2015 and 2019 presidential elections in Argentina. We find that the policy orientation of candidate messaging is similar across different media, with spots and tweets addressing specific issues in similar proportions. We also find that, consistent with the theory of success contagion, campaign messaging across candidates and election cycles varies along a wide range of variables as candidates have failed to converge on a similar campaigning style. Contrary to expectations drawn from prior research, we find that candidate tweets contain policy content and attacks on opponents just as often as do campaign spots.
Citation: The International Journal of Press/Politics
PubDate: 2023-01-06T06:43:45Z
DOI: 10.1177/19401612221149272
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