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Abstract: Looking back on the history of chatbot development, one Microsoft development team observed in 2018 that "with vastly more people being digitally connected, it is not surprising that social chatbots have been developed as an alternative means for engagement."1 What sort of "alternative" is presented when humans engage with chatbots' If the Fourth Industrial Revolution depends not only on the flow of goods and services but also on the flow of signals of assent (purchases, likes, shares), then the economy of conversation between users must be made seamless at any cost.2 Is the chatbot an alternative to the otherness of human beings' Are chatbots a patch for alterity' Alongside the psychologically meaningful ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In San Jose, California, sits a sprawling mansion known as the Winchester Mystery House. The property is about fifty miles south of San Francisco, near the Junípero Serra Freeway, on the street now called Winchester Boulevard and was owned and expanded by Sarah Lockwood Winchester. By reframing both the Winchester Mystery House and the woman who developed it, this essay demonstrates that present-day computational personhood is informed by histories far more varied and nuanced than previously appreciated.Sarah Winchester was heiress to the fortune of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company, which was once one of the world's largest manufacturers of guns. Winchester rifles were known in particular for their pioneering ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Reversing major declines in labor organizing and participation that began in the 1980s, many Americans are once again turning to unionization to survive increasing economic precarity.1 Newsrooms across America formed unions throughout the last half decade to stop the gutting of both online and local news outlets.2 Strikes by teachers in 2018 and 2019 across states such as Oklahoma and West Virginia won critical pay increases.3 In Hollywood in 2019, the Writers Guild forced the major talent agencies to halt predatory practices that siphoned off writers' profit share, and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE) voted resoundingly in 2020 to authorize a strike only to avoid doing so on a ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: "Do designers ever sleep'"1 In Happiness by Design: Modernism and Media in the Eames Era, Justus Nieland highlights the tirelessness of Charles and Ray Eames, their commitment to design as a force for social transformation, and their conviction that work is play and play is happiness. But this isn't just a book about the Eameses; in invoking the "Eames era," Nieland conjures an ensemble of designers, filmmakers, theorists, artists, and other cultural figures who contributed to the development and the texture of the American midcentury. At the core of the invigoratingly dizzying array of ideas in this book—communication, transparency, democracy, technophilia, organicism, and, yes, happiness—is film, and more ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Chief among the many appeals of Quentin Tarantino's 2019 alternative history fable, Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, is the film's centering of a stuntman. "You're too pretty to be a stuntman," snarks the movie's cartoonishly bombastic Bruce Lee (Mike Moh) of the protagonist, played by Brad Pitt. In a typically Tarantino-ish mélange of film nerd and fan boy humor, the line reminds us that stunt workers, by definition, are never stars.By contrast, Lauren Steimer's new book, Experts in Action: Transnational Hong Kong–Style Stunt Work and Performance, is a scholarly exploration of the underlying premise that Tarantino (who is a recurring reference throughout her book) presents with such cheek. Situated between cinema ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Jasmine Nadua Trice's City of Screens: Imagining Audiences in Manila's Alternative Film Culture is an eloquent, thought-provoking work that scholars of film, media, urban studies, and Asian studies will debate for a long time. This pioneering monograph about alternative film cultures in Metropolitan Manila from 2005 to 2012 joins the growing scholarship about understudied contemporary Southeast Asian cinemas that includes Patrick F. Campos's The End of National Cinema, Arnika Fuhrmann's Ghostly Desires, David Hanan's Cultural Specificity in Indonesian Film, Alicia Izharuddin's Gender and Islam in Indonesian Cinema, Thomas Barker's Indonesian Cinema after the New Order, Matthew Hunt's Thai Cinema Uncensored, and ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Every film is political or can be seen from a political angle. Still, not all films belong to the narrowly defined category of political cinema as oppositional to the political status quo and marked by an alternative ideology. Indeed, today there is no clear articulation of political cinema we might compare to the explicit doctrines of early Soviet revolutionary cinema, the post-1968 anti-representational politically inflected European modernism, or Latin American Third Cinema and its worldwide variations. In this post–Cold War age initiated with the so-called End of History, how could cinema be politicized more radically than its present engagement with the identity politics of the post-political, post-ideological ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: When you think of Scandinavian cinema, silent films might come to mind, such as the pioneering horror classic Häxan (Benjamin Christensen, 1922), or canonical auteur films by Carl Theodor Dreyer and Ingmar Bergman. If your interests lie closer to the present, your points of reference might be Dogme 95 and the filmmakers whose careers blossomed in its wake, including Susanne Bier, Thomas Vinterberg, Lone Scherfig, and Anders Thomas Jensen. In and beyond cinema, Nordic noir's staggering influence frequently draws attention, including the remarkable transmedia successes of Stieg Larsson's Millennium trilogy (2005–2007) as well as television productions such as Forbrydelsen (The Killing, DR1, 2007–2012) and Broen (The ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Can you give us an idea of the broader critical territory you are working in (especially your focus on films produced prior to 1915) and reflect on some of the themes and stakes inherent in your new projects'My work is broadly structured around elisions, gaps, and erasures in the historical record, with a focus on African American filmmakers, performers, and audiences. I'm also interested in thinking about the methods of historiography, how and why we do the work of film and media history. For example, in writing about silent-era Black filmmakers like William Foster or Luther J. Pollard, there's an imperative to counter historical erasure and simply provide an account of these easily forgotten figures. Part of my ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The printed version of Mr. Gardner's inspiration dates back to 1933. Ten years later a radio version ran through 3,000 consecutive broadcasts over 12 years, always sponsored. Two years later the TV variation made its bow. Hardly any fictional undertaking can boast of the accelerated cultivation of a ready-made audience through a multiplicity of media over a span of 33 years.I know now, Corney, why you were glad to get into OWI [Office of War Information]. Handling radio deals makes a war seem like child's play.One of the most recognized legal dramas in US television history, Perry Mason (CBS, 1957–1966) continues to permeate the small screen. Besides the nine original seasons, thirty made-for-TV movie reboots aired ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Over twenty-five years after its premiere, La Haine (Hate, Mathieu Kassovitz, 1995) remains a defining work in the subgenre of the French banlieue film. The "docu-fictional text," as Stephen Zacks succinctly describes it, has continued to be popular because it explicitly and violently foregrounds a conversation about race in postcolonial France that is still relevant today.1 The film's critical engagement with race and racial representation first develops via the image but also reveals itself at an aural level, through sound, as voice(s) and noise, and through the choice of songs, proving that indeed "music carries cultural meaning."2 It is this aural level and its potential materiality that are of particular ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: I'm Lieutenant Brooks, Juvenile Division. The story you're about to see is not pleasant, but it's true. It's the story of the hatred of one man for another because his skin is brown, or his eyes are slanted, or his talk is strange. It's senseless, but for all that, nonetheless real. This story is happening at this very instant in towns and cities all over the world. Even the city where you live.Rita Moreno was nineteen when she first played a Mexican American high school student. In So Young, So Bad (Bernard Vorhaus, 1950), her first film role, she portrayed a wayward seventeen-year-old at a reform school for girls. In the film, her character commits suicide after the staff's cruel treatment. This meaty, dramatic ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: At this point the phenomenological experience of the individual subject—traditionally, the supreme raw materials of the work of art—becomes limited to a tiny corner of the social world, a fixed-camera view of a certain section of London or the countryside or whatever. But the truth of that experience no longer coincides with the place in which it takes place. The truth of that limited daily experience of London lies, rather, in India or Jamaica or Hong Kong; it is bound up with the whole colonial system of the British Empire that determines the very quality of the individual's subjective life. Yet those structural coordinates are no longer accessible to immediate lived experience and are often not even ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Since the early 2000s, filmmakers have used crowd simulation software to populate stadiums, theaters, and city centers to increase the grandeur or realism of a sequence without having to rely on live-action extras.1 However, developments in software capabilities over the past ten years have contributed to a new representation of crowds, what I am calling "the digital horde," that emphasizes randomized movement rife with internal collisions, overburdening and eventually breaking down the architectural structures such crowds were originally developed to inhabit. These new technologies emerged alongside the rise of the high-budget zombie film cycle to influence the digital representation of infected bodies and how ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: An electric fan on the high ceiling emits rhythmic noise. Zhang (Chang Kuo-Chu) pleads with a school administrator to recheck his son Si'r's (Chang Chen) admission exam grades. The camera, positioned outside the office, fixes the space in a static long shot. Zhang's back is visible, but the administrator is blocked by the door, rendering her voice disembodied. In the next long shot, Si'r sits on a bench in the hallway. From his point of audition, both the administrator's polite yet authoritative voice and the din of the fan become offscreen sounds. The impression is of a faceless, impassive, and ubiquitous bureaucratic sonic mechanism dominating cinematic space.An eighty-eight-second static long take surveys a ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In the 1960s, a chatbot simulates paranoia. Some twenty years later, a group of women computer scientists document the misogyny that saturates their professional lives, using bureaucracy's own tools to try to force institutional change. In the 1950s, a programmer teaches a computer to write little queer love letters. In Silicon Valley—long before it earned that name—a wealthy eccentric who earned her fortune selling rifles holds séances while inventing the speculative, neo-colonial real estate tactics that would eventually become the Valley's distinctive milieu. And, in the middle of one of the most famous demos in the history of computers, an engineer and his screen are both ready for their close-up.The histories ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: A man in a white shirt and dark tie, microphone pressed to his upper lip, addresses a viewer, us, with his voice. But his eyes are focused on another task (Figure 1). Superimposed on his face is the text that, somehow, we know to be the focus of his work: "statement one: word word word …," with "word" repeated another ten times followed by an ellipsis. The image I'm describing is a still, an extract. This particular still superimposes two video feeds that are themselves intricately mediated: the first image results from pointing a video camera, at very close range, at a small circular calligraphic monitor that hosts the text ("word word word …"); the second results from angling another camera, also at very close ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Much has been written on Alan Turing and the origins of artificial intelligence (AI) some seventy years ago. Turing's "imitation game" set the foundation for research into what has become the future promise of nearly all AI-driven industries today.1 At the heart of Turing's work is the notion of intelligence as performative, that is, as an effect that need not demonstrate any internal awareness of intelligence as an abstract or conceptual goal. Turing famously likened this performative quality of intelligence to gender, which he imagined as equally transmutable and inessential—a comparison that opens up the possibility of a queer reading of AI through the discourses of performance, language, and affect. ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In 1983, the women in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)'s computer science and artificial intelligence labs published a scathing critique of their hostile work environment. The report, Barriers to Equality in Academia: Women in Computer Science at MIT, was the product of collective knowledge and experience. Nineteen women who were graduate students or research staff prepared the report. Barriers to Equality in Academia was, by its authors' reckoning, seven years in the making and outlined "the difficulties encountered by women at MIT and the prevailing attitudes that make it hard for women to succeed."1 They noted, "Efforts to address the special problems of women in EECS [the Department of Electrical ... Read More PubDate: 2022-07-31T00:00:00-05:00
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