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Gender Impact Assessment
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ISSN (Print) 1837-4425
Published by RMIT Publishing

[297 journals]

Sheath blight resistance in rice: A comprehensive review
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  Authors: sahasrantika Ghosh, Satya VK, Bishnu Bashyal, Gopalakrishnan
  Abstract: The growing global population and the rising trend of rice consumption are expected to drive up future rice demand. If India, China, and Indonesia's recent pattern of rising per capita consumption of rice continues, the overall increase in rice consumption might possibly outpace the population rise. The reduction of cultivable area and the yearly crop loss valued at billions of dollars as a result of sheath blight disease and changing climate aggravate the issue. The pathogen's extremely wide host range, great genetic variability, and the lack of any discernible natural resistance in the existing rice germplasm make it difficult to control. It is imperative to discover countermeasures against the disease in order to minimize the threat to global food security and reduce losses in rice yield. In this review, details on the sheath blight symptoms, pathogen character, disease cycle, host range, QTLs, GWAS, genomic selection approach, key genes related to sheath blight resistance are summarized.
  Keywords: Review Article ;
  Exploitation of combining ability and heterosis in TGMS based two line
  hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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    Authors: Sai Rekha Kadirimangalam, Saraswathi R, Kumar M, Raveendran M, Robin S
    Abstract: In this study, five thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines and eight male fertile lines (4 japonica and 4 indica) were used to produce forty hybrids and these were analysed using combining ability and standard heterosis with ten characters viz., days to fifty percent flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, 100 grain weight, spikelet fertility%, single plant yield, harvest index and biomass yield. The results revealed that the lines, TNAU 95S and TNAU 14S, tropical japonica tester Palawan and indica tester CB 15137 showed positive significant gca effect for about five characters. These cultures are considered as desirable genotypes based on general combining ability and these can be used as parents in hybridization programs. The eight hybrids namely, TNAU 14S X Palawan, TNAU 14S X KhaoKap Sang, TNAU 14S X CB 13212, TNAU 14S X CB 15137, TNAU 18S X CB 15117, TNAU 45S X Khao do ngoi, TNAU 45S X KhaoKap Sang and TNAU 60S X Khao do ngoi showed significant sca effects for more than 4 characters and were found to be promising hybrids based on specific combining ability. Four hybrids selected with high standard heterosis for more than 5 characters viz., TNAU 14S X AC 38479, TNAU 14S X CB 15121, TNAU 45S X CB 15137 and TNAU 95S X CB 15121 and are considered as best hybrids these could be further useful in heterosis breeding.
    Keywords: Articles ; The Effect of Late Sowing and Fertilizer Rate on Cauliflower Growth
    Parameters and Disease Prevalence in Tripura, Northeast India
    
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    Authors: Vijay Kumar, Ashok Chhetri
    Abstract: The effect of late sowing and fertilizer doses was studies on the different growth factors and diseases prevalence of cauliflower at Experimental Research Farm of MTTC, Central Agricultural University (Hq. Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura during the month of November, 2022 to February, 2023. Eight treatments of different fertilizers doses were designed and applied under the field conditions. The observations were recorded after transplantation at 10 days of interval up to 60 days. The maximum plant growth in terms of the plant height, no. of leaves and plant spread was reported from treatment T4 up to 60 days. However, the biggest curd formation was observed from the treatment T2 (recommended FYM dose) with average curd weight of 0.88 kg while lowest curd weight was recorded in the treatment T8 i.e., control. During the entire investigation from first to six intervals after transplantation there was infection of damping, black rot, Alternaria leaf spot and Downy mildew was observed in moderate to severe level. The overall highest diseases severity and incidence was observed for Alternaria leaf spot followed by downy mildew, black rot and damping off.
    Keywords: Short-Communication ; Influence of methods of establishment and crop geometry on rice
    productivity under drip irrigation
    
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    Authors: VALLAL KANNAN SANKARALINGAM, Dr.V.Ravikumar
    Abstract: An experiment was conducted during the 2018–2021 three-year period at the Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, to find out the optimum lateral and dripper spacing for uniformity wetting, method of establishment, suitable variety and crop geometry for higher productivity, and the efficiency of drip irrigation systems in sandy clay loam soil during the Rabi season. The experiment was conducted in a strip plot design with two methods of establishment as the main plot treatment: direct seeding under a raised bed and Transplanting under a flat bed; three medium varieties as the sub plot treatment (ADT 54), ‘TKM 13’ and ‘CR 1009 sub-1); and three different spacing as the sub-sub plot treatment (20 x 10 cm, 20 x 20 cm, and 25 x 25 cm). Results revealed that 90 cm lateral and 60 cm dripper spacing with 4 lph is the optimum for uniform wetting and better performance in rice cultivation under sandy clay loam soil. Direct seeding is the best method of establishment for drip-irrigated rice cultivation. Combination of direct seeded rice in raised bed using medium duration variety with the spacing of 20x20cm along with other agronomic practises is the best for getting higher grain yield (6080 kg/ha) and net return (Rs. 64059/ha), BCR (2.37), and higher water use efficiency (6.61 kg/ha-mm) in drip irrigated with the lateral spacing of 90cm and dripper spacing of 60 cm with the discharge rate of 4 lph in paddy cultivation during Rabi season.
    Keywords: Articles ; Growth and Yield Responses of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to Different
    Types and Doses of Organic Manures in Mid-Hill Region of Uttarakhand
    
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    Authors: Chandrakumar Singh Khumukcham, Bhatt H, Pant SC, Haobijam JW, Seram D, Bhosale TA, Raturi G
    Abstract: An attempt was made to investigate the response of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to certain types and doses of organic manures under polyhouse condition at College of Horticulture, VCSGUUHF Bharsar, Uttarakhand. Twelve different treatment combinations viz., T1 (Control), T2 (FYM 100%), T3 (Vermicompost 100%), T4 (Goat manure 100%), T5 (Neem cake 100%), T6 (FYM 50% + Vermicompost 50%), T7 (FYM 50% + Goat manure 50%), T8 (FYM 50% + Neem cake 50%), T9 (Vermicompost 50% + Goat manure 50%), T10 (Vermicompost 50% + Neem cake 50%), T11 (Goat manure 50% + Neem cake 50 %), T12 (FYM 25% + Vermicompost 25% + Goat manure 25% + Neem cake 25%) were applied in triplicates. The earliest initial germination (3.00 days) was seen in T4, maximum germination per cent (94.44%) in T6, greatest fresh biomass of leaves and roots per plant in T10 and T2 (182.26g and 181.60g, respectively) and the highest yield (201.77q/ha) was recorded in T2 resulting the highest cost-benefit ratio (1:3.80) in T2. T3 provided highest TSS (4.23°B) and ascorbic acid (17.61mg/100g) and highest root dry matter (8.84g/100g) in T10.
    Keywords: Short-Communication
    PubDate: 2025-02-17
    DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v95i2.148259
    
    Solar-Powered Agricultural Vehicles: Promoting Sustainable Farming
    Practices in India through Renewable Energy-Driven Transportation
    
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    Authors: Suhani Chauhan, Lalit Mittal
    Abstract: Electric vehicles have the potential to revolutionize transportation and make significant strides towards a sustainable future. This shift towards sustainable transportation options is crucial for combating climate change and reducing air pollution. This solar powered vehicle developed during 2021-2024 at Amity International School, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India is a step towards promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices and reducing carbon emissions in the farming sector. This innovation pertains to a 4.5 KWH capacity solar-powered farm vehicle constructed from a blend of lightweight metals coated with waterproof paint. The vehicle is equipped with wide wheels that are suitable for use in the field. The solar panels produce the energy needed to power the vehicle. The energy generated is stored in a Lithium Iron Phosphate battery with a voltage rating of 60 volts and a capacity of 72 Ah. The vehicle has a cargo capacity of 400 kg. The current invention is cost-effective, low-maintenance, and assists farmers in managing labor costs. This vehicle reduces reliance on fossil fuels and contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, making them an asset in sustainable agriculture practices. Farmers can significantly decrease their carbon footprint and contribute to a greener planet by harnessing renewable energy sources.
    Keywords: Short-Communication ; Hybridization of potential germplasm to create genetic variation for
    identification of superior cross combinations in bread wheat (Triticum
    aestivum L.)
    
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    Authors: Nirdesh Kumar Chaudhary, Lokesh Kumar Gangwar, Shiva Mohan, Raj Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Premnath Edhigalla
    Abstract: A systematic hybridization was made for inducing genetic variation to produce high yielding genotypes with a high degree of heterosis and combining ability. The present investigation was performed at CRC of SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh during the Rabi season 2020-21 and 2021-22 using 10 parents and 55 genotypes (10 parents and 45 hybrids) respectively. The research was performed in randomized complete block design with 3 replications grown under normal conditions. Analysis of variance revealed that the trait of both specific and general combining ability was significant with regard to all the studied traits. Boxplot revealed that hybridization creates sufficient genetic variation for all the traits. Based on the magnitude of GCA effects, genotypes NW 305, UP 262 and HD 2285 have been observed as a significant combiner for the trait grain yield per plant. Estimates of SCA and per se performance, cross K 9162*DWR 544 followed by UP 262*HD 3086, UP 262*DWR 544, HD2285*PBW 226, DBW 187*NW 305 was best significant specific combiner for grain yield per plant. The best heterosis crosses were UP 262*HD 3086, K 9162*DWR 544, UP 262*HD 2285, UP 262*DWR 544, HD2285*PBW 226, DBW 187*NW 305 exhibited the superior heterosis combination over both better and mid parents for grain yield per plant. These parents and hybrids can use further for crop improvement.
    Keywords: Articles ; Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and weed count influenced by
    different planting techniques and weed competition treatments
    
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    Authors: Harmanpreet kaur Gill
    Abstract: A study was done during Rabi 2022-23 and Rabi 2023-24 on farm of LPU, Phagwara (Punjab) on ,” Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and weed count influenced by different planting techniques and weed competition treatments.” The experiment was set out in SPD with 4 planting techniques viz. two rows per bed, three rows per bed, bidirectional sowing, line or flat sowing in main plots and four weed competition treatments viz. competition by Phalaris minor only, competition by broad leaf weeds only, competition by both (weedy check) and no competition (weed free) in sub plots. Results revealed that among main plots, crucially more grain yield (50.39 and 47.27 q/ha) and (51.61 and 46.62 q/ha) was obtained in three rows/bed and cross sowing than two rows/bed and flat/line sowing pattern. Also increased seed/kernel yield in three rows/bed, cross sowing and two rows/bed was (11.94 and 10.34 %, 14.02 and 9.09 % and 4.60 and 4.80 %) respectively than flat sowing. There were 24.46 and 29.16 %, 9.24 and 14.30 % and 17.24 and 23.62 % increased grain yield in no competition treatment, competition by broad leaf weeds only and competition by Phalaris minor only as compared to control (unweeded) treatment. The 35-42 days critical period for crop-weed competition was observed and noticed different weed flora in wheat field was Phalaris minor, Malva neglecta, Melilotus indica, Medicago sativa, Sonchus arvensis, Argemone Mexicana, Lepidium sativum, Veronica sp., Vicia sativa, Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Fumaria parviflora, Rumex spinosus.
    Keywords: Articles
    PubDate: 2025-02-17
    DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v95i2.151158

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