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Sensor Review
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.307

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 2

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0260-2288 - ISSN (Online) 1758-6828
Published by Emerald

[362 journals]

A novel hand-eye calibration method for industrial robot and line laser
vision sensor
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  Authors: Xu Jingbo, Li Qiaowei, White Bai
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is solving the hand–eye calibration issue for line structured light vision sensor. Only after hand–eye calibration the sensor measurement data can be applied to robot system. In this paper, the hand–eye calibration methods are studied, respectively, for eye-in-hand and eye-to-hand. Firstly, the coordinates of the target point in robot system are obtained by tool centre point (TCP), then the robot is controlled to make the sensor measure the target point in multiple poses and the measurement data and pose data are obtained; finally, the sum of squared calibration errors is minimized by the least square method. Furthermore, the missing vector in the process of solving the transformation matrix is obtained by vector operation, and the complete matrix is obtained. On this basis, the sensor measurement data can be easily and accurately converted to the robot coordinate system by matrix operation. This method has no special requirement for robot pose control, and its calibration process is fast and efficient, with high precision and has practical popularized value.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-05-31
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-09-2022-0357
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
Design of magnetostrictive tactile sensor for depth detection
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  Authors: Ling Weng, Zhuolin Li, Xu Luo, Yuanye Zhang, Yang Liu
  Abstract: This paper aims to design a magnetostrictive tactile sensor for surface depth detection. Unlike the human finger, although most tactile sensors have high sensitivity to pressure, they cannot detect millimeter-level depth information on the surface of objects precisely. To enhance the ability to detect surface depth information, a piezomagnetic sensor combining inverse magnetostrictive effect and bionic structure is developed in this paper. A magnetostrictive tactile sensor based on Galfenol [(Fe83Ga17)99.4B0.6] is designed and studied for surface depth measurement. The optimal structure of the sensor is determined by experiment and theory. The test platforms for static and dynamic characteristics are set up. The static and the dynamic sensing performance of the sensor are studied experimentally. The sensor can detect 0–2 mm depth change with a sensitivity of 91.5 mV/mm. A resolution of 50 µm can be achieved in the depth direction. In 50 cycles of loading and unloading tests, the maximum error of the sensor output voltage amplitude is only 2.23%. The sensor can measure the depth information of object surface precisely with good repeatability through sliding motion and provide reference for object surface topography detection.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-05-19
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-01-2022-0051
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
Development of an ultrasonic linear encoder
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  Authors: Chung-Ping Chang, Song-Fu Hong, Tzu-Guang Chen
  Abstract: In this investigation, a linear encoder system based on the ultrasonic transducer has been proposed. Ultrasonic transducers are usually designed for distance measurements, such as the time of flight method and sonar system. These applications are defined as discrete-length measurement technologies. The purpose of this study is to develop a continuous displacement measurement system using ultrasonic transducers. A modified signal processing based on heterodyne signaling is implemented in this system. In the proposed signal processing, there is an automatic gain control module, a phase-shifting module, a phase detection module, an interpolation module and especially a frequency multiplication module, which can enhance the resolution and reduce the interpolation error simultaneously. The proposed system can generate the encoding signals and is compatible with most motion control systems. For the experimental result, the maximum measurement error and standard deviation are about −0.027 and 0.048 mm, respectively. It shows that the proposed encoder system has the potential for displacement measurement tasks. This study reveals an ultrasonic linear encoder that is capable of generating an incremental encoding signal, accompanied by a corresponding signal processing methodology. In contrast to the conventional heterodyne signal processing approach, the proposed multiplication method effectively reduces the interpolation error that arises because of multiple reflections.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-05-05
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-07-2022-0262
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
A multi-sensor based emergency healthcare monitoring system integrating
heart status, stress, and alcohol detections
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  Authors: Karandeep Kaur, Harsh Kumar Verma
  Abstract: Ubiquitous health-care monitoring systems can provide continuous surveillance to a person using various sensors, including wearables and implantable and fabric-woven sensors. By assessing the state of many physiological characteristics of the patient’s body, continuous monitoring can assist in preparing for the impending emergency. To address this issue, this study aims to propose a health-care system that integrates the treatment of the impending heart, stress and alcohol emergencies. For this purpose, this study uses readings from sensors used for electrocardiography, heart rate, respiration rate, blood alcohol content percentage and blood pressure of a patient’s body. For heart status, stress level and alcohol detection, the parametric values obtained from these sensors are preprocessed and further divided into four, five and six phases, respectively. A final integrated emergency stage is derived from the stages that were interpreted to examine at a person’s state of emergency. A thorough analysis of the proposed model is carried out using four classification techniques, including decision trees, support vector machines, k nearest neighbors and ensemble classifiers. For all of the aforementioned detections, four metrics are used to evaluate performance: classification accuracy, precision, recall and fmeasure. Eventually, results are validated against the existing health-care systems. The empirical results received reveal that the proposed model outperforms the existing health-care models in the context of metrics above for different detections taken into consideration. This study proposes a health-care system capable of performing data processing using wearable sensors. It is of great importance for real-time systems. This study assures the originality of the proposed system.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-05-03
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-03-2022-0136
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
Comparison of different reinforcement methods on crack monitoring
characteristics of eddy current array sensor
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  Authors: Xianghong Fan, Tao Chen, Yuting He
  Abstract: This paper aims to study the influence of different reinforcement methods on crack monitoring characteristics of eddy current array sensors, and the sensors with two different reinforcement methods, SUS304 reinforcement and permalloy reinforcement, are proposed. First, the finite element model of the sensor is established to analyze the influence of the reinforcement plate’s electromagnetic parameters on the crack identification sensitivity. Then, the crack monitoring accuracy test of sensors with two reinforcement methods is carried out. Finally, the fatigue crack monitoring experiments with bolt tightening torques of 45 and 63 N · m are carried out, respectively. In this study, it is found that the crack identification sensitivity of the sensor can be improved by increasing the relative permeability of the reinforcement plate. The crack monitoring accuracy of the sensors with two different reinforcement methods is about 1 mm. And the crack identification sensitivity of the sensor reinforced by permalloy reinforcement plate is significantly higher than that of the sensor reinforced by SUS304 reinforcement plate. The sensor reinforced by reinforcement plate can work normally under the squeezing action of the bolt, and the crack monitoring sensitivity of the sensor can be significantly improved by using the reinforcement plate with high relative permeability.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-05-02
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-09-2022-0355
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
A flexible pressure sensor with interference immunity capability
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  Authors: Huan Liu, Rui Wang, Junyao Wang, Xingyu Chen, Yunpeng Li, Bowen Cui, Tianhong Lang, Weihua Zhu
  Abstract: Flexible pressure sensor arrays have promising applications in analog haptics, reconfiguration of sensory functions, artificial intelligence, wearable devices and human-computer interaction. The force disturbance generated by the connecting material between the sensor array units will reduce the detection accuracy of the unit. The purpose of this paper is to propose a flexible pressure sensor with interference immunity capability. A C-type bridge flexible piezoelectric structure is used to improve the pressure perturbation. The interference immunity capability of the sensor has been improved. In this paper, a C-type pressure sensor array structure by rapid injection moulding is manufactured through the positive piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric material. The feasibility of C-type interference immunity structure in a flexible sensor array is verified by further analysis and experiment. A flexible pressure sensor array with C-type interference immunity structure has been proposed. In this paper, we present the results of the perturbation experiment results of the C-type pressure sensor array, showing that the perturbation error is less than 8%. The test of the flexible sensor array show that the sensor can identify the curved angle of up to 120 °, and the output sensitivity of the sensor in the horizontal state reaches 0.12 V/N, and the sensor can withstand the pressure of 80 N. The flexible sensor can work stably in the stretch rate range of 0–8.6% and the stretch length range of 0–6 mm. In this paper, C-type pressure sensor array structure is fabricated by rapid injection moulding for the first time. The research in this paper can effectively reduce the disturbance of input pressure on the sensor’s internal array and improve the output accuracy. The sensor can intuitively reflect the number of fingers sliding on the sensor by the order in which the maximum voltage appears. Due to the strong interference immunity capability and flexibility of the flexible sensor array mechanism, it has a broad application prospect in the practical fields of haptic simulation, perceptual function reconstruction, artificial intelligence, wearable devices and human–computer interaction.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-05-02
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-12-2021-0487
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
Design a custom resistive force sensors to optimize sensorized insoles
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  Authors: Diego Henrique Antunes Nascimento, Fabrício Anicio Magalhães, George Schayer Sabino, Renan Alves Resende, Maria Lucia Machado Duarte, Claysson Bruno Santos Vimieiro
  Abstract: Currently, several studies have been published using sensorized insoles for estimating ground reaction force using plantar pressure. However, information on design parameters, manufacturing techniques and guidelines for developing insoles is scarce, often leaving gaps that do not allow reproducing the insole. This study aims to empirically investigate the main parameters of constructing a sensorized insole for application in human gait. Two devices were built to evaluate the force sensors. The first focuses on the construction of the sensors with different settings: the density of the sensor’s conductive trails (thickness and distance of the trails) and the inertia of the sensors (use of spacers to prevent unwanted readings). The second device focuses on the data capture and processing system: resolution of the analog–digital converter, acquisition rate and sensor activation level. The resolution increase of the analog–digital converter and acquisition rate do not contribute to noise increase. Reducing the sensors’ coverage area can increase sensorized insole capacity. The inertia of the sensors can be adjusted using spacers without changing the electrical circuit and acquisition system. Most sensorized insoles use commercial sensors. For this reason, it is not possible a full customization. This paper maps the main variables to manufacture custom sensors and data acquisition systems. This work also presents a case study where it is possible to see the influence of the parameters in the correlation between the sensorized insole and an instrumented treadmill with a force platform.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-04-27
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-08-2022-0322
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
Noise measurement and system calibration on magnetoresistive sensors
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  Authors: Aiyu Dou, Ru Bai, Huachen Zhu, Zhenghong Qian
  Abstract: The noise measurement on magnetoresistive (MR) sensors is generally conducted by techniques including single-channel data sampling and fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis as well as two-channel cross-correlation. The single-channel method is easy to implement and is widely used in the noise measurement on MR sensors, whereas the two-channel method can only eliminate part of the system noise. This study aims to address two key issues affecting measurement accuracy: calibration of the measurement system and the elimination of system noise. The system is calibrated by using a low-noise metal film resistor in that the system noise is eliminated through power spectrum subtraction. Noise measurement and analysis are conducted for both thermal noise and detectivity of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensor. The thermal noise measurement error is less than 2%. The detectivity of the MTJ sensor reaches 27 pT/Hz1/2 at 2 kHz. This study provides a more practical solution for noise measurement and system calibration on MR sensors with a bias voltage and magnetic field.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-04-26
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-07-2022-0284
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
Research on thermal protection of piezoelectric pressure sensor for shock
wave pressure measurement in explosion field
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  Authors: Yucheng Shi, Deren Kong, Xuejiao Ma
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of ambient and transient temperature effects on piezoelectric pressure sensors, and to propose corresponding compensation measures. The temperature of the explosion field has a significant influence on the piezoelectric sensor used to measure the shock wave pressure. For accurate shock wave pressure measurement, based on the actual piezoelectric pressure sensors used in the explosion field, the effects of ambient and transient temperatures on the sensor should be studied. The compensation method of the ambient temperature is discussed according to the sensor size and material. The theoretical analysis method of the transient temperature is proposed. For the transient temperature conduction problem of the sensor, the finite element simulation method of structure-temperature coupling is used to solve the temperature distribution of the sensor and the change in the contact force on the quartz crystal surface under the step and triangle temperatures. The simulation results are highly consistent with the theory. Based on the analysis results, a transient temperature control method is proposed, in which 0.5 mm thick lubricating silicone grease is applied to the sensor diaphragm, and 0.2 mm thick fiberglass cloth is wrapped around the sensor side. Simulation experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the control method, and the results show that the control method effectively suppresses the output of the thermal parasitic. The above thermal protection methods can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of shock wave pressure and provide technical support for the evaluation of the power of explosion damage.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-04-26
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-11-2022-0407
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
Advanced resonator mass sensor for molecule detection in droplet
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  Authors: Amin Eidi, Mousa Shamsi, Habib Badri Ghavifekr
  Abstract: This paper aims to a novel fabricated resonator structure which consists of some single mechanical resonators as a mass sensor. The structure is proposed to detect the target molecules and cells in a droplet. Also, at this design the mechanical coupling springs of the proposed structure are designed in such a way that it resonates in shear resonance mode which minimizes the damping effect. This proposed design can be fabricated in different sizes due to the requirements of an application. The proposed design is fabricated in mesoscale and its mass sensitivity is evaluated and reported in this paper.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2023-03-20
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-02-2022-0108
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
Self-co-ordination algorithm (SCA) for multi-UAV systems using fair
scheduling queue
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  Authors: Varun Kumar K.A., Priyadarshini R., Kathik P.C., Madhan E.S., Sonya A.
  Abstract: Data traffic through wireless communication is significantly increasing, resulting in the frequency of streaming applications as various formats and the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as virtual reality, edge device based transportation and surveillance systems. Growth in kind of applications resulted in increasing the scope of wireless communication and allocating a spectrum, as well as methods to decrease the intervention between nearby-located wireless links functioning on the same spectrum bands and hence to proliferation for the spectral efficiency. Recent advancement in drone technology has evolved quickly leading on board sensors with increased energy, storage, communication and processing capabilities. In future, the drone sensor networks will be more common and energy utilization will play a crucial role to maintain a fully functional network for the longest period of time. Envisioning the aerial drone network, this study proposes a robust high level design of algorithms for the drones (group coordination). The proposed design is validated with two algorithms using multiple drones consisting of various on-board sensors. In addition, this paper also discusses the challenges involved in designing solutions. The result obtained through proposed method outperforms the traditional techniques with the transfer rate of more than 3 MB for data transfer in the drone with coordination Fair Scheduling Algorithm (FSA) using a queue is a distributed slot assignment algorithm. The FSA executes in rounds. The duration of each round is dynamic based upon the delay in the network. FSA prevents the collision by ensuring that none of the neighboring node gets the same slot. Nodes (Arivudainambi et al., 2019) which are separated by two or more hopes can get assigned in the same slot, thereby preventing the collision. To achieve fairness at the scheduling level, the FSA maintains four different states for each node as IDLE, REQUEST, GRANT and RELEASE. A multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system can operate in both centralized and decentralized manner. In a centralized system, the ground control system will take care of drone data collection, decisions on navigation, task updation, etc. In a decentralized system, the UAVs are unambiguously collaborating on various levels as mentioned in the centralized system to achieve the goal which is represented in Figure 2. However, the multi-UAVs are context aware in situations such as environmental observation, UAV–UAV communication and decision-making. Independent of whether operation is centralized or decentralized, this study relates the goals of the multi-UAVs are sensing, communication and coordination among other UAVs, etc. Figure 3 shows overall system architecture. The individual events attempts in the UAV’s execution are required to complete the mission in superlative manner which affects in every multi UAV system. This multi UAV systems need to take a steady resolute on what way UAV has to travel and what they need to complete to face the critical situations in changing of environments with the uncertain information. This coordination algorithm has certain dimensions including events that they needs to resolute on, the information that they used to make a resolution, the resolute making algorithm, the degree of decentralization. In multi UAV systems, the coordinated events ranges from lower motion level. This study has proposed a novel self-organizing coordination algorithm for multi-UAV systems. Further, the experimental results also confirm that is robust to form network at ease. The testbed for this simulation to sensing, communication, evaluation and networking. The algorithm coordination has to testbed with multi UAVs systems. The two scheduling techniques has been used to transfer the packets using done network. The self-organizing algorithm (SOA) with fair scheduling queue outperforms the weighted queue scheduling in the transfer rate with less loss and time lag. The results obtained through from Figure 10 clearly indicates that the fair queue scheduling with SOA have several advantages over weighted fair queue in different parameters.
  Citation: Sensor Review
  PubDate: 2022-09-12
  DOI: 10.1108/SR-01-2022-0003
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2022)