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Arabian Journal of Scientific Research / المجلة العربية للبحث العلمي
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 2708-0463
Published by QScience

[13 journals]

التحليل الكروماتوغرافي - الكتلي لبعض
المركبات الفعالة حيويًا في اثنين من
النباتات الطبية اليمنية
- Authors: عيشة محمّد علي محسن; عادل أحمد محمّد سعيد طه أبوبكر فضل سالم
  Abstract: Medicinal plants have a broad range of bioactive substances due to the secondary metabolite compositions and used in treatment of several diseases. This study aimed at investigating the methanolic extraction of the bioactive compounds in two Yemeni medicinal plants (Dorstenia foetida and Lavandula pubescens Decne) using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The proposed method provided a tentative identification of several constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoid, steroids, terpenoids and coumarin in the studied plants.
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
تقييم فاعلية بعض المطهرات والمعقمات على
البكتيريا الزائفة (Pseudomonas) المعزولة من
وحدة العناية المركّزة للمواليد في
مستشفى مصراتة المركزي - ليبيا
- Authors: أبوبكر الرطب; نورية المحجوب فوزية أبودينة
  Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of some disinfectants and sterilizers used at health facilities, especially in Misurata Central Hospital, Libya. The study examined the concentrations prepared for usage at these facilities and the time factor of their effectiveness on a group of Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from the Maternity Department and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in this Hospital (11 October 2017 to 8 March 2018). The isolated bacteria species were: Pseudomonas spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas luteola. Method: The study used disinfectants impregnated with filter paper discs (disk diffusion). The disinfectants used were: Ethanol, NaClO, Propanol AF, Desreson AF, Cidex, Decosept, Minuson AF and Dettol. Results: The results showed a delay in the effectiveness of these sterilizers. None of them showed any effect during the first 20 minutes of exposure. The most impactful disinfectant at 20 minutes was Cidex against the three types of bacteria: Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Twenty four hours later, good efficacy was observed for most of the sterilizers such as Decosept, NaClO, Dettol and Desreson AF, but not on all types of bacteria. Propanol AF sterilizer showed good efficacy on all species, while Ethanol showed slight results starting from minute 20. However, Minuson sterilizer showed no effects on these species. The diameter of the inhibition area on these types of bacteria ranged from 3 mm to 2.5 cm.
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
مراقبة الأدوية العلاجية، الأساسيات
والتحسين (مراجعة الخبراء)
- Authors: أحمد شاكر علي; و مهران شاكر عبد الرحمن
  Abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a teamwork clinical pharmacokinetic service that aims to optimize the pharmacotherapy of certain drugs such as those with a narrow therapeutic range, complicated pharmacokinetics. It involves the determination of drug levels in blood samples taken at the appropriate time. Interpretation of results requires the integration of pharmacokinetics, the pharmacodynamics of the drug, and the patient’s clinical profile. To be cost-effective, the service should be optimized. This review highlights the fundamentals of TDM service and provides practical suggestions for its optimization especially in developing countries. It covers the rationale of requesting drug level, design of request form, optimal sampling, and analytical tools. It provides guidelines for appropriate interpretation of drug levels, completeness of the roles of the qualified medical team, continuing education and skills development, involving the patients in improving the service, conducting relevant research, and the use of PK software and integration of TDM with pharmacogenomics.
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
معالجة مادة المرجين بواسطة المبخر
الطبيعي بوصفه نموذجًا إيكولوجيا: مثال من
تونس
- Authors: وفاء حسن; لطفي سوسية, أسماء بلطيفة, كريمة بكير, عفيفة بلعيد الهادي بن منصور
  Abstract: Tunisia is considered a major cultivator of olive and exporter of olive oil. The Tunisian olive oil activity is constantly developing, given that the country is making great efforts to produce a competitive product in quantity and quality. However, this development generates a large amount of olive mill wastewater, which is a basic by-product extracted from the olives. This wastewater is considered a toxic substance and constitutes a very strong environmental pollutant when it is discharged into the environment. Treating olive mill wastewater by natural evaporation could be a new alternative. Our goal is to design and prototype a closed system for bio-evaporation that is low cost, easy to operate, and requires less maintenance. The system in question can evaporate 80% of the olive-mill wastewater and produces 20% of the solid substance. The physio-chemical analysis showed that this generated water is less loaded with organic matter in terms of COD (0.125 ± 0.001 g/ L) and BOD (0.0387 ± 0.0006 g/L) than that of standard olive-mill wastewater (14333.33 ± 763.76 g/ L and 4683.33 ± 208.17 g/ L, respectively). It also contains a lower concentration of phenolic compounds than those found in olive-mill wastewater (0.012 ± 0.005 mg/ L). The microbiological study showed the complete absence of pathogenic microorganisms. Also, the pH of collected water is around 3.26 ± 0.092. As a result, the collected water can be reused to clean and disinfect places like factories and farms. To complete this study, the solid substance (paste) obtained after treatment of the olive mill wastewater was assessed by saponification.
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
مقترح لتطبيق مرصد تلوث الانبعاثات
التروبوسفيرية (TEMPO) التابع لوكالة ناسا:
حمولة مستضافة لرصد الغلاف الجوي من مدار
ثابت بالنسبة إلى الأرض (GEO)
- Authors: رائد محمد سليمان; كلي تشانس شونج شونج
  Abstract: NASA selected TEMPO as the first Earth Venture Instrument in 2012 for launch in October 2022. TEMPO will use UV-Vis spectroscopy to measure atmospheric pollution for greater North America from space. TEMPO’s Field of Regard (FOR) will be from Mexico City and Cuba to the Canadian tar sands and the Atlantic to the Pacific. Measurements will be hourly and at high spatial resolution (2 km N/S × 4.5 km E/W at 36.5°N, 100°W). TEMPO provides tropospheric measurements that include the principal elements of tropospheric air pollution. Low-Earth orbit (LEO) instruments can only measure each point on Earth once per day and lack time resolution. TEMPO will make measurements from a geostationary orbit (GEO), allowing it to measure each point in the field of view for about 16 hours per day. TEMPO provides a tropospheric measurement suite that includes the key elements of tropospheric air pollution and those contributing to the carbon cycle. Measurements are made hourly from GEO to capture the high variability present in the diurnal cycle of unobservable emissions from current LEO satellites that measure once per day. Due to the smaller spatial footprints, GEO measurements will be able to resolve pollution sources. Three geostationary instruments are being developed. NASA’s TEMPO will be measuring North America. Two other instruments, Sentinel-4 (Under construction) and the South Korean GEMS (launched on February 18, 2020). They will measure atmospheric pollution for Europe and Southeast Asia. In this article, we explain NASA’s TEMPO instrument. We suggest a comparable instrument in GEO to provide hourly atmospheric pollution measurements for the Middle East at very high spatial resolution. The proposed Middle-East TEMPO instrument will cover the Arab world and parts of Asia and Europe. The measurement will include the spectra required to retrieve O3, NO2, SO2, H2CO, C2H2O2, H2O, aerosols, cloud parameters, and UVB radiation. This paper differs from our previous work; it has an updated Field of Regard (FOR), new tables, and data from the latest ESA’s instrument, TROPOMI.
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
رسالة في الميزان للأهوازي: تحقيق ودراسة
لنصّ في علم الأثقال العربيّ من القرن
الرابع الهجريّ
- Authors: محمد أبطوي
  Abstract: We devote this article to publish the critical edition of a scientific text belonging to the Arabic tradition of the science of weights, which represents the medieval theoretical mechanics. This text is Risāla fī al-mīzān (Treatise on the balance) by the well-known Arab mathematician Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Manṣūr al-Ahwāzī, from the first half of the 4th century H/10th century CE. Al-Ahwāzī is the author of a not-yet published commentary on the tenth book of Euclid’s Elements of Geometry, and several astronomical works are attributed to him, which were lost or not found yet. Our publication of his short treatise on the balance is the first edition of one of his scientific works. The article begins by a short general introduction, followed by a section on the genesis of the Arabic science of weights, its theoretical and historical context, and its historical significance. Then we produce the complete bio-bibliography of Al-Ahwāzī. The rest of the article is dedicated to characterize in brief the contents of the treatise on the balance, which is critically edited in full in a final section, according to the usual criteria for editing scientific texts that were transmitted in a unicum copy.
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
دور الاستشعار عن بعد في مراقبة أطوار نمو
القمح لدعم إدارة العملية الإنتاجية في
سوريا
- Authors: ناصر طرّاف إبراهيم
  Abstract: Strategic crops, especially wheat, represent the core of food security. As the agricultural sector, with its direct impact on feeding the world’s population, deals with natural conditions, it should be managed with an integrated vision of the natural and human factors influencing the crops production process from the field level (micro level) up to the country level (macro level). Aim: This study aimed to monitor the relationship of the phenological phases of wheat with the maturity and harvest timing throughout Syria. Method: Remote sensing techniques were used to show the relationship of time-place-spectrum (TIPLAS) in order to obtain accuracy of yield estimation in each zone and to manage the yielding process of wheat (2014 and 2016 seasons) across Syria. Results: The study recorded six different phenological phases occurred simultaneously (at the beginning of April) regardless of the geographic location of the fields across the country. The date of the milky-waxy maturity spectrally for each geographical zone was determined. Early maturity spectrally of wheat was associated with rain-fed areas, especially with the second and third rain stability zones, with dispersed areas and not concentrated in a specific range. Temporal maturity begins as a converging period within the country, starting from the south towards the north and from the center of the country towards the borders, especially the northern and western, and from the plain areas towards the mountains. Maturation paths spectrally were plotted to follow the harvesting process. The estimations of wheat cultivated areas and production were based on satellite-image data according to the maturity paths. Recommendations: Preparing storage places with sufficient capacity for the expected production volume according to the maturation paths; increase the direct silos volume near the production fields to reduce losses and increase speed of storage; increase the strategic sustainable storage capacity; developing the railway logistics between storage facilities and consumption areas; and the periodic application of this technology during the growing seasons to raise the management efficiency of the crop production process.
  PubDate: 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z
افتتاحية العدد الثالث
- Authors: د. موزة بنت محمد الربان
  PubDate: 2021-06-10T00:00:00Z
صبغة الأنثوسيانين الطبيعية تضاهي
الصبغات الكيميائية
- Authors: السيد طاهر السيد حسن عقيل; نجوى إبراهيم البرهاوي
  Abstract: In this study we used distilled water to extract pigment anthocyanin from seeds of the pomegranate and violet cabbage leaves because the waterdoes not have any toxic effect, their evaporates happened at low temperatures, and without influence on the chemical composition of the extracteddye. It was found that the red dye extracted from the pomegranate had an acidic medium (pH 3.0), while the violet dye extracted from the cabbageleaves had a light acid medium (pH 6). The amount of dye in the juice of both plants after dropping the absorbance value of each on the curve ofstandard solutions was 310 and 50 0mg/ 100 ml of juice from each plant, respectively. This dye, with its red and violet colors, succeeded in dyeingbacterial smears, animal, and plant tissue sections, with iodine and copper sulfate fixers respectively, and in a way similar compared to conventionalchemical dyes. It was also an effective dye in the dyed cotton and wool fabrics well with lemon juice and baking soda as add fixative.
  PubDate: 2021-06-10T00:00:00Z
تقدير فعالية إنزيم (nitrate reductase) باستخدام
دقائق الفضة النانوية المخلقة حيويًا من
الفطرين (Pleurotus pulmonarius) و(Pleurotus ostreatus var
ostreatus) وتأثيرها على الفطر (Pythium aphanidermatum)
- Authors: سيف سعدالله حسن; عبد الله عبد الكريم حسن
  Abstract: This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture at Tikrit University during the season 2018/2019. The study aimed at studying the effectiveness of nitrate reductase using four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) mmol of biosynthetic silver nanoparticles created from the fungi Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus ostreatus var ostreatus. each fungus has four parts, including the filtrate of the fungus, the biomass, the hot and cold aqueous extract of the biomass of the fungus and its effect on Pythium aphanidermatum. All the concentrations and types of the prepared silver nanoparticles showed the highest efficacy of the nitrate reductase enzyme compared to the control. The highest activity was obtained at the concentration of 1.5 mmol in fungi filtrates, it was 0.65 and 0.66 units/ml for fungi p. pulmonarius and p.ostreatus var ostreatus, followed by the treatment consisting of cold aqueous extract of the same concentration which reached 0.55 and 0.56 units/ml, respectively with no significant differences between them. As for the treatment consisting of the fungus filtrate, this showed a significant difference with the rest of the treatments: The highest enzymatic activity of the fungi reached 0.32 and 0.43 units/ml respectively, compared with the treatment of hot water extract, which showed the lowest enzymatic activity, reaching 0.11 and 0.24 units/ml. The laboratory results did not show significant differences of silver nanoparticles in wheat seeds germination (Variety Sham6) for all concentrations and types of nanoparticles prepared. Whereas the highest germination percentage (97.38%) was for Pythium aphanidermatum biomass while P.ostreatus var ostreatus had highest germination percentage for cold aqueous extract which reached 97.20%.
  PubDate: 2021-06-10T00:00:00Z
فعالية الزيوت الطيارة لقشور نوعين من
فواكه الحمضيات على حلم العنكبوت (Tetranychus
urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetraychnidae) والحلم المفترس
(Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
- Authors: أسماء البقالي العيساوي; أمال العمراني
  Abstract: Two essential oils were extracted from the peel of sweet orange Citrus sinensis and bitter orange Citrus aurantium. The objective of this study isto assess their toxicity by direct contact under laboratory conditions, on adult individuals of the two-spot spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch(Acari: Tetraychnidae) and the predatory spider Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit (Acari: Phytoseiidae) which is one of the most importantnatural enemies of this pest. The residual activity of these essential oils has also been tested at five increasing concentrations: 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%and 8%. The concentration of 8%, toxicity tests showed good efficacy of the tested essential oils, as the mortality rate for T. urticae was estimatedat 63.33% and 68.74% for sweet orange and bitter orange respectively. In contrast, these oils at the same concentration were found less toxic onadults of P. persimilis, with mortality rates of 25% and 13.88% for these oils, respectively. The residual activity of these oils also decays over time.We conclude from this study that the tested essential oils may represent a promising alternative to pesticides manufactured within environmentallyfriendly biological control programs.
  PubDate: 2021-06-10T00:00:00Z
قياس تجربة المستخدم لمتصفح ويب: مقترح
قائم على الإدراك السمعي لذوي الإعاقات
البصرية
- Authors: محمد بدوي مصطفى الخليفة; عمر حاج علي حاج الحسن
  Abstract: This study aims to present new methods and tools for the inclusion of people with visual impairments through technology. Specifically, we evaluate the ability to interact with Internet applications and web sites efficiently, effectively, and easily. In this work, cognitive computing was used for the interaction of users with visual impairments with the graphic and visual interfaces of online software. We developed an Internet browser to measure the user experience through A/B tests. Using a sample consisting of 26 Internet users with visual impairment, the suggested solutions showed its effectiveness. In particular, by using the web browser we developed the success rate of access increased by at least 88.3% for all categories of disability. These preliminary results suggest that this path should be pursued in further studies.
  PubDate: 2021-06-10T00:00:00Z
تقييم التلوث الفيزيائي-الكيميائي
والميكروبي لمياه الصرف الصحي ومياه
البحر في خمس دول متوسطية
- Authors: وفاء حسن; سناء عليبي الهادي بن منصور
  Abstract: The availability of water resources worldwide suffers from pollution pressures caused by many assets, such as industrial, domestic, and agricultural activities. Wastewater has a direct impact on the natural environment, as it is drained after some specific treatments, so it contains a large variety of microorganisms, organic, and inorganic compounds that cause many diseases and harms. In this context, the authors collected samples of seawater as well as treated and untreated wastewater from southern Mediterranean countries (Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia), then carried out some physico-chemical and microbiological analysis. After that, the obtained results were compared with some of the results found in the same period in a northern Mediterranean country (Italy). Physico-chemical studies showed significant pollution of wastewater and seawater collected and analyzed from the Arab countries and Italy in terms of the presence of pollutants (COD, BOD, TOC, NO3 ... etc.), and some heavy metals. On the other hand, DGGE technology allowed a direct evaluation of bacterial diversity in this wastewater as well as seawater. These tests have demonstrated the intensity of bacterial diversity in these water types.
  PubDate: 2021-06-10T00:00:00Z