Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 1361-4916 - ISSN (Online) 1474-0044 Published by Oxford University Press[425 journals]
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Pages: 477 - 505 Abstract: AbstractThis paper provides a theoretical framework that shows that the Human Development Index (HDI) is equivalent to a paternalistic social welfare function: this implies that all alternative HDI formulas used by economic historians merely represent their ethical systems. The problem is neither the choice of the dimensions included in the HDI nor the weighting scheme but the lack of consistency with standard economic theory. A key consequence is that with HDI, “anything goes”: using Italy 1861–2016 as a case study, we show how, given the same dataset, the interpretation of Italy’s performance is entirely driven by the analyst’s preferences. PubDate: Wed, 26 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/head008 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2023)
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Pages: 506 - 532 Abstract: AbstractWe document the participation of women in European academia from the first universities to the eve of the Industrial Revolution. A total of 108 women taught at universities or were members of academies of arts and sciences. Most of them were active in Catholic southern Europe—an unexpected result. We conjecture that Protestantism left less room for women at the top of the distribution of human capital to exercise their talent. The percentage of ever-married female scholars is 79%, but a large fraction of them remained childless. Comparing them with 58,995 male scholars, we find that they were on average better. PubDate: Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/heac023 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2023)
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Pages: 533 - 559 Abstract: AbstractWe investigate the determinants of dividend payments in Belgium between 1838 and 2020. As the institutional environment changes drastically over time, we explore whether the determinants of dividend payments depend on the environment in which firms operate. Large firms, firms that are not informationally opaque, firms with a high share denomination and firms with liquid shares are more likely to pay. However, the importance of these characteristics changed over time. Surprisingly, firms seemingly do not use dividends for signaling. Our results indicate that the omnipresence of universal banks in pre-war Belgium might have lowered the need for a signal. PubDate: Sun, 19 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/head002 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2023)
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Pages: 560 - 580 Abstract: AbstractIn the first half of the nineteenth century, the wheat oriented agrarian economy of Lower Canada saw a rapid collapse in wheat production. These developments have been blamed on factors ranging from soil exhaustion to cultural conservatism and used to infer falling living standards in the colony. We provide evidence suggesting this collapse was largely the result of adjustment to the trade shock that followed the Colonial Trade Act of 1831 and a rapid reduction in freight costs between the Canadian colonies. Areas more exposed to external markets—as proxied by road access—shifted away from wheat production. PubDate: Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/head004 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2023)
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Pages: 581 - 605 Abstract: AbstractIn this paper, I estimate income inequality in Warsaw in the early XIX century, using the 1833 tax census as the data source. I compare the income of Jews and Christians and investigate the spatial dimension of income inequality in the city. In 1833, income inequality in Warsaw was very high by modern standards and medium by contemporary standards. The Gini index stood at 0.59, and the share of the top 1% was 19%. The inequality extraction ratio was 76%. The mean income of Jews was significantly higher than the mean income of Christians. Mean income varied strongly across districts of the city. PubDate: Wed, 12 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/head006 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2023)
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Pages: 606 - 633 Abstract: AbstractThis article explores how 19th century railways shaped population dynamics in Spain. Results showed that the municipalities closest to stations experienced significantly greater population growth. However, this effect was heterogeneous over time and depended on the territorial specificities and municipal features of the areas traversed. It was greatest in densely populated and industrializing areas, and in the valleys and the coast, although it also remained relevant in less dynamic contexts. These findings suggest that railways likely stimulated factor mobility and economies of agglomeration. However, this technology also reinforced existing hierarchies thus exacerbating an unequal distribution of the population in space. PubDate: Fri, 21 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/head007 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2023)
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Pages: 634 - 634 Abstract: Every second year since 1996, the European Historical Economics Society (EHES) awards a prize for best PhD dissertation in economic history, defended over the last 2 years. The prize is named after Italian economic historian Venetian Gino Luzzatto (1878–1964). With some delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic, at the EHES Conference in Groningen, 17–18 June, 2022, the prize for 2019/2021 was awarded to Felix Kersting – Humboldt, Berlin (PhD, Humboldt, Berlin). We publish below short summaries of the three finalists of the Gino Luzzatto prize competition. PubDate: Wed, 08 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/head023 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2023)
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Pages: 641 - 643 Abstract: AbstractThe paper summarizes my dissertation, submitted to the Geneva Graduate Institute. I constructed a novel database of the currency composition of European foreign exchange reserves during the Bretton Woods period, from central banks’ archives. The first paper studies the determinants of the composition of the foreign exchange portfolios. The second paper compares the British pound’s international role in Europe and the sterling area. I argue that its persistence as a reserve currency was due to threats and economic sanctions. The final paper focuses on 19th Bank of France, and shows that data was used as collateral at the discount window. PubDate: Sat, 02 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/head018 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2023)
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Pages: 635 - 637 Abstract: AbstractThis essay summarises my PhD thesis composed of four chapters, which deal with various aspects of social identity in 19th century Germany. The first chapter analyzes the effect of nation-building in cities that became part of Prussia in 1815. The second chapter investigates the effect of Bismarck’s carrot and stick policies on the electoral success of the socialist party. The third chapter studies the “China shock” of the first globalisation (1880–1913)—the “grain invasion”—coming from the Americas into Europe. The fourth chapter revisits Max Weber’s hypothesis on the role of Protestantism in economic development in its contemporary context. PubDate: Wed, 09 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/heac015 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2022)
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Pages: 638 - 640 Abstract: Policy makers increasingly view the potential link between climate variability, conflict, and migration as a security issue. With global temperatures expected to continue increasing in the foreseeable future, projections indicate that the regularity and severity of natural disasters, including heat waves, droughts, and heavy rainfall events, will also increase. Climate variability and extremes raise critical challenges to agriculture and food production all over the world, and lead to diminished coping capacity, loss of livelihoods, as well as migration flows. The purpose of this dissertation is to inform these issues from a historical perspective by studying the consequences of weather shocks and out-migration on violence in early modern Europe. While formally independent, the essays in this dissertation all raise the question of resilience to shocks in pre-industrial economies using the cases of France and Savoy during the Ancien Régime. PubDate: Fri, 09 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/ereh/heac017 Issue No:Vol. 27, No. 4 (2022)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
[425 journals]
