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Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
Number of Followers: 0  Open Access journalISSN (Online) 2775-3670 Published by Universitas Negeri Gorontalo  [4 journals]
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- Analisis Kadar Kalsium pada Kulit Pisang Ambon dan Pisang Raja dengan
Metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom
Authors: Margaretha Margaretha, Pratiwi Apridamayanti, Hadi Kurniawan
Abstract: Indonesia is one of the countries known as the world's banana producer. Banana is one of the local fruits that are widely spread in Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Ambon banana and raja banana are classified as bananas that can be consumed directly, so banana peels are often discarded and considered as waste. Whereas banana peels are rich in nutrients such as macro and micro minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the mineral levels of calcium in the peels of ambon banana and raja banana. Sample preparation using dry digestion method with 0.5 M HNO3 solvent. Method verification was carried out with parameters of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision and accuracy. The assay was carried out with atomic absorption spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 422.67 nm. The results showed that the mineral levels of calcium in the wet peels of ambon banana are 104.29 mg/kg and raja banana are 314.79 mg/kg. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the levels of calcium mineral in raja banana peels are higher than ambon banana peels
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19905
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Pengaruh Ukuran Serbuk Simplisia dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Aktivitas
Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit Sirsak
Authors: Riska Yudhistia Asworo, Hanandayu Widwiastuti
Abstract: Secondary metabolites are one of the active substances in natural materials that are known to contain high antioxidants and are very beneficial for health. In addition to mangosteen, there are also natural ingredients that actually have high antioxidant content, but many people do not know about it, one of which is soursop fruit. In addition to the fruit, the skin of soursop fruit may contain antioxidants that are quite high. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different maceration times and powder sizes on the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolite compounds produced from ethanol-aquades extract of soursop fruit peel (Annona muricata L.). This study was conducted quantitatively with a descriptive research design where researchers conducted laboratory research conducted in triplo. This research used particle size variation of 50 mesh, 100 mesh, and 200 mesh and maceration time variation of 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours. From this study it can be seen that the difference in powder size and maceration time affects the results of antioxidant activity obtained. The optimum particle variation is using 200 mesh size, which is obtained antioxidant activity of 95.2%. While the optimum maceration time is for 24 hours, the yield is 94%. From this study it can also be seen that the ethanol-aquades extract of soursop fruit peel contains secondary metabolite compounds of triterpenoids, saponins, polyphenols and tannins.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19906
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Efektivitas Gel Madu Hutan Akasia terhadap Jumlah Fibroblas pada Luka
Sayat Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Bimby Irenesia, puan sadila islami, riski dwi utami
Abstract: Cuts are wounds caused by sharp objects such as knives, swords, razors and glass. According to data from the Arifin Achmad Regional General Hospital, Riau Province, it was noted that the most common type of wound in sharp violence was a cut (66.7%). When a wound occurs, the wound healing process occurs, namely: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. During the proliferative phase, fibroblasts influence the reepithelialization process that closes the wound. Handling cuts using acacia honey because acacia honey in wound healing has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Knowing the effectiveness of acacia honey gel on the number of fibroblasts in white rat (Rattus novergicus) incision wounds. This type of research is an experimental study design with a randomized posttest only control group design that uses acacia honey on cuts in white rats (Rattus novergicus). There was no significant difference between each treatment group: 20% acacia honey gel, 60% acacia honey gel, 80% acacia honey gel, positive control (povidone iodine) and negative control (gel without honey). Giving acacia honey gel could not increase the number of fibroblasts in white rat (Rattus novergicus) incision wounds.
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19872
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- The Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Cesarean Section Delivery and The
Incident of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Shofiatul Fajriyah, Umul Farida, Sri Agustina, Lelly Winduhani Astuti, Esti Ambar Widyaningrum
Abstract: According to the 2018 Riskesdas data, the ratio of deliveries by cesarean section in 2018 was recorded at 17.6% of a total of 78,736 deliveries. One of the serious problems in postoperative treatment that has an impact on increasing morbidity, mortality, and increasing medical costs is surgical site infection (SSI). To reduce the risk of infection, efforts are made by giving prophylactic antibiotics followed by surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the use of prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section surgery and to determine the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients after Sectio Caesarea surgery in one of a private hospital in Kediri City. This study was an observational descriptive study with retrospective data collection through tracing of medical record data of patients who underwent Caesarean section surgery in 2021. The samples that entered the inclusion criteria were patients who received surgical prophylaxis with antibiotics and returned to the hospital for control after 1 week postoperatively. Samples that met the inclusion criteria were 89 patients. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. This study collected data on prophylactic antibiotics used and the incidence of SSI on days 1, 3 and (7-10) postoperatively. The results showed that the types of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing sectio caesarea were ceftriaxone 2 g (99%) and cefotaxime 2 g (1%). Whereas there were 3 patients (3%) who had SSI on days 7-10 postoperatively.
PubDate: 2023-05-21
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19864
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Air Kombinasi Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa
Authors: Vivian Fu, Pratiwi Apridamayanti, Sri Luliana
Abstract: Banana kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) are types of fruit that are widely consumed by the community. However, the skin is only disposed of as waste, where the waste of the fruit skin reaches 30% of the whole fruit. Kepok banana peels and pineapples contain phenols and flavonoids which are proven to function as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the IC50 value of the combined sample using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The extract samples were divided into 2 groups, namely the combination of kepok banana peel extract and pineapple with a ratio of 1:1 and 1:3. Extraction is done by infusion method. Analysis of the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was carried out by the TLC method on single samples of kepok banana peels and pineapple peels. Antioxidant activity test was carried out by 2 methods, namely DPPH and FRAP. The yield of the extract in the 1:1 combination was found to be 48% and the 1:3 combination was 47%. The chromatogram profile showed that each single sample was positive for phenols and flavonoids. The results of the analysis of the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method showed the IC50 value in the 1:1 combination group was 1188.27 ppm while in the 1:3 combination group it was 740.98 ppm. In the FRAP method, the IC50 value in the 1:1 combination group was 1251.85 ppm, while in the 1:3 combination group it was 2218.94 ppm. Based on the results of the test, there are differences in the measurement of antioxidant activity with 2 different methods based on the antioxidants action that contains in the sample, so that the more recommended method is DPPH based on the type of antioxidant compounds contained in the sample.
PubDate: 2023-05-20
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19781
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Uji Sifat Fisik pH Dan Viskositas Pada Emulsi Ekstrak Bintangur
(Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F.)
Authors: Tiara Bella Pratiwi, Siti Nani Nurbaeti, Meri Ropiqa, Inarah Fajriaty, Fajar Nugraha, Hadi Kurniawan
Abstract: Bintangur (Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F.) is a type of medicinal plant that has quite a lot of benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, so it is important to develop it into a dosage form. Emulsions are preparations containing liquid medicinal ingredients or drug solutions dispersed in a liquid carrier. Emulsion preparations are preparations that are more easily absorbed when administered orally. Evaluation of the physical properties of the emulsion was carried out from organoleptic, pH, and viscosity parameters to produce good physical properties because they affect the resulting therapeutic effect. 150 mL of the preparation was made and evaluated for the physical properties of the organoleptic test, pH test, and viscosity test. The pH of the preparation must correspond to the pH of the oral preparation, namely 5-7, and the resulting viscosity must not be too runny or too thick because it is difficult to redisperse. The organoleptic test results of the bintangur extract emulsion had a characteristic yellow-brown color and the aroma of coconut oil with a bitter-sweet taste. The pH test results of the bintangur extract emulsion entered the range for oral preparations 5-7 with an average of 5.936 and the viscosity of the bintangur extract emulsion was 114.2 cP.
PubDate: 2023-05-19
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19466
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Pengaruh Metode Pengeringan terhadap Kadar Flavonoid Total pada Daun
Jinten (Coleus amboinicus Lour)
Authors: Elok Widayanti, Jasmine Mar’ah Qonita, Retno Ikayanti, Nurma Sabila
Abstract: Cumin leaf are medicinal plants that are used as treatment and useful for health. Cumin leaf contain secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoids. Flavonoids are the largest phenolic compounds found in plants and function as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and anticancer activities. The flavonoid content of a plant can be affected by the drying temperature in the manufacture of simplicia. The purpose of this study was to determine the total flavonoid content in cumin leaf if dried by several drying methods. In this study, cumin leaf simplicia was used with different drying methods, namely sun drying, wind drying, and oven drying. The simplicia powder was extracted using ethanol and then tested quantitatively using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 440 nm. Total flavonoid content by sun drying, oven drying, and wind drying was 3,38 mg QE/g extract, 3,58 mg QE/g extract, and 5,83 mg QE/g extract respectively. Based on the research on the flavonoid test on cumin leaves with different drying methods, the lowest average total flavonoid content was obtained on Sun drying was 3.38 mg QE/g extract and the highest was wind drying with 5.83 mg QE/g extract while oven drying was 3.58 mg QE/g extract.
PubDate: 2023-05-17
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19787
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Uji Aktivitas Antibakter Formulasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Daun Bidara
(Ziziphus mauritania) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: shindi pratiwi putri, Al Syahril Samsi, Israini Suriati
Abstract: Infectious diseases are the highest contributor to morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Indonesia. This is inseparable from the many pathogenic bacteria that attack humans, causing various diseases. Infection due to Staphylococcus aureus, starting from the entry of bacteria through a wound scratch. Infection will be characterized by tissue damage accompanied by local abscesses such as boils or pimples. As an effort to prevent Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection, antibacterial ointment preparations are needed that can prevent infection and are practical in their use. In this study, the antibacterial activity test of the ointment formulation of Bidara leaf extract (Ziziphus mauritania) was carried out with concentrations of 40%, 50% and 60% w/v. the test bacteria used was Staphylococcus aureus. This research was conducted using the agar diffusion method. The results showed that the test results for antibacterial ointment preparations with Bidara leaf extract with concentrations of 40%, 50% and 60% w/v fulfilled the results of the organoleptic evaluation test, homogeneity, spreadability test, adhesion test and pH test. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that the formulation of Bidara leaf extract ointment (Zizyphus mauritania) with a concentration of 50% and 60% w/v had non-significant antibacterial activity with gentamicin sulfate ointment as a positive control against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
PubDate: 2023-05-17
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19695
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Efektivitas Ekstrak Spirulina platensis terhadap Jumlah Fibroblas pada
Tikus yang Dilakukan Insisi pada Kulitnya
Authors: Riski dwi utami, olvaria misfa, Bimby Irenesia, deinike wanita marwan
Abstract: Fibroblasts play a role in the wound healing process. The active compound content of Spirulina sp. has fibroblastic activity. The use of extracts from S. platensis can play a role in the wound healing process. To analyze the effectiveness of Spirulina platensis extract on the number of fibroblasts in rats that were incised in their skin. This study used a randomized post test only control group design. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were skin incised and infected with S.aureus divided into 4 groups, namely the group given S.platensis extract at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW/day, a dose of 750 mg/kgBW/day, the negative control group was given saline solution and positive control group with diclofenac 20 mg/kgBW orally. The number of fibroblasts was counted on histopathological examination of the wound tissue on the 7th and 14th days covering 5 visual fields. Data analysis was carried out with a one way ANOVA test and continued with the LSD Post Hoc Test. The mean number of fibroblasts on the 7th day in the 500 mg/kgBW/day group, 750 mg/kgBW/day, positive control and negative control was 13.33 ± 3.615; 117.42±3.980; 9.58±2.417; and 4.00 ± 1.761 with p < 0.001. The number of fibroblasts on the 14th day in the 500 mg/kgBW/day, 750 mg/kgBW/day group, positive control and negative control was 16.17 ± 3.251; 19.67±1.633; 12.17±2.137; and 8.33 ± 2.317 with p < 0.001. The post hoc test found that the number of fibroblasts on day 7 significantly increased in the 500 mg/kgBB/day S. platensis group compared to the positive and negative control groups. While at a dose of 750 mg/kg/day, the number of fibroblasts was higher than the positive and negative control groups after 14 days of treatment.Administration of Spirulina platensis extract at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg/day significantly increased the number of fibroblasts in the incision wounds of Wistar rats.
PubDate: 2023-05-16
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19268
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Activity of a Gel Combination of Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera (L) Burm.F.) and
Snail Mucus (Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821)) on Burn Wounds in Male
White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strains
Authors: Artha Yuliana Sianipar, Andre Prayoga, Agrecia Yolanda Nainggolan
Abstract: Burn injury is produced by thermal stress on the skin tissue. This research aimed to determine the combination of Aloe vera and snail mucus used to treat burns and determine the optimal formula. The research was pure with only a randomized control design, including F1 being given placebo gel, F1 (10%:10%), F2 (10%:15%), F3 (10%:20%), and F4 being given bioplacenton. The gel evaluation and tested for the ability to treat burns on rats for about 21 days. The combination gel made a homogenous formulation with a pH 6 based on pH paper while pH meter results were around 6,27- 6,35 cm, a spread of 5,70-6,60 cm, and a viscosity value of 5.600-7.600 cps that was stable for 3 weeks of storage. This evaluation’s findings are consistent with the provisions of National Standard Indonesia (SNI). The activity optimal combination gel obtained by examining the average diameter and discoloration were 10%:20% (0,5560 cm), 10%:15% (0,8120 cm), 10%:10% (0,9860 cm), bioplacenton (0,4780 cm), and placebo gel (1,5340 cm). On the 21st day, the skin condition of K1, K2, K3, and K4 was normal, however, K0 was not normal. The statistical analysis data is normally distributed (p≥0,05), homogeneous (p≥0,05), and a significant difference in all groups (p<0,05). According to the experiment, three gel combination of Aloe vera and snail mucus have an effect on healing burns but 10%:20% (F3) could accelerate the optimal healing process.
PubDate: 2023-05-14
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19343
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Hubungan Jumlah Peresepan Obat Terhadap Potensially Inapropriate
Medications Berdasarkan Beers Criteria 2019 Pasien Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kumala Sari Poespita Dewi Wahyuni, Esti Ambar Widyaningrum, Erni Anika Sari, Dwitania Noerhalizah
Abstract: Diabetes melitus can lead to complications if not controlled, the risk of complications in geriatric patiens can lead to an increase in the number of drugs prescribed, so that many geriatric receive polypharmacy drugs. Polypharmacy can be used as a factors to describe Potentially Inappropriate Medications. Potentially Inappropriate Medications are the potential for inappropriate drug use which causes a risk of side effects where there are alternative drug options for the same therapy. This study was to determine the number of drug prescribing for Potentially Inappropriate Medications based on the 2019 Beers Criteria. This studi was an observational descriptive study using retrospective data. The sample used was 195 prescriptions for patients with diabetes mellitus in the period October-December 2020 with purposive sampling technique. Characteristics of the data using the contingency coefficient correlation test. The number of drug prescriptions obtained, a total of 68.21% of patients received > 5 kinds of drugs in one prescription based on the assessment of the incidence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications, there were 92.82% of prescriptions indicate an incidence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications. The highest number of Potentially Inappropriate Medications received was category one namely 50,38%. There are difference in the categories of Potentially Inappropriate Medications that patients receive due to diseases suffered by geriatricians where disease that affect many organs cause geriatricians to receive many drugs in health services. Based on a p-value of 0,000 there is a statistically significant relationship between the amount of drug administration with Potentially Inappropriate Medications.
PubDate: 2023-05-14
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19752
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
- Analisis Potensi Farmakokinetik dan Toksisitas Pada Curcumin (Curcuma
xanthorrhiza) Sebagai Brightening Terhadap Reseptor Protein Tirosinase
Secara in Silico
Authors: Anjas wilapangga
Abstract: Tyrosinase enzyme is an enzyme that plays an important role in melanin synthesis. This enzyme will oxidize the amino acid L-tyrosine into L- 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and convert L-DOPA into DOPAquinone. Tyrosinase protein from Bacillus megaterium in complex with inhibitor kojic acid is the target protein that will interact with the ligand (Drug Candidate), Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) is one of the medicinal plants of the Zingiberaceae family which is widely grown and used as a raw material for traditional medicine in Indonesia, the main content in Temulawak is curcumin which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidants in curcumin content can be used as ingredients for whitening preparations. In silico tests are used to predict pharmacokinetic activity and toxicity by docking using the Molegro Virtual Docker computer program. The receptor used was Protein Tyrosinase PDB code 3NQ1 with ligand KOJ_B_1351. Prediction of pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) and toxicity of Curcumin and Kojic Acid was performed using the pkCSM online tool program. Data analysis was performed by comparing the binding energy of docking results between Curcumin, Kojic Acid, and ligand on the target receptor. The in silico test results showed that the binding energy of Kurkumin =-142.766 kcal/mol, Kojic Acid = -60.6899 kcal/mol, and KOJ_B_1351 ligand =-62.266 kcal/mol. The results of in silico tests using the pkCSM online tool program show that Kurkumin compounds have good pharmacokinetic properties, and cause relatively low toxicity, and can be used as candidates for whitening materials.
PubDate: 2023-05-14
DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.18878
Issue No: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2023)
