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Universa Medicina
Number of Followers: 0  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 1907-3062 - ISSN (Online) 2407-2230 Published by Universitas Trisakti  [2 journals]
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- Potential role of probiotic supplementation in cognitive improvement and
other metabolic biomarkers
Authors: Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn
Pages: 1 - 3
PubDate: 2023-02-17
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.1-3
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Placental growth factor as a screening tool of preeclampsia
Authors: Raditya Wratsangka
Pages: 4 - 5
PubDate: 2023-03-30
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.4-5
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Effect of hypnotherapy on prolactin level in women after cesarean section
Authors: Supriyadi Hari Respati, Risang Bhaskoro, Eric Edwin Yuliantara, Uki Retno Budihastuti, Debree Septiawan
Pages: 6 - 11
Abstract: Background
Postpartum depression occurs in women after cesarean section, due to increased cortisol and decreased prolactin levels, leading to delayed breast milk production. Hypnotherapy is one of the most effective and efficient complementary therapy options for reducing postpartum depression. Hypnotherapy increases oxytocin secretion from the paraventricular nucleus of the anterior pituitary gland, decreases cortisol levels, and increases prolactin, thereby increasing breast milk production. This study evaluates hypnotherapy’s effect on prolactin levels after a cesarean section. Methods
This study was an experimental non-blinded randomized controlled trial with a post-test-only control group design conducted at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital and UNS hospital. A total of 20 post-cesarean -section women were included in the study. They were randomized into two groups, a group I: given hypnotherapy, and group 2: the control group (without hypnotherapy). Both groups were tested for prolactin levels. Group I received hypnotherapy 6 to 12 hours post-cesarean section, and study participants were confirmed to be unaffected by the anesthetic. Data analysis used the independent t-test and p<0.05. Results
At baseline, there was no significant difference in age, parity, and indication for cesarean section between the hypnotherapy and the control groups (p>0.05). After intervention, the mean prolactin level was higher in the hypnotherapy group (247.6 ± 81.1 ng/mL) compared to the control group (120.1 ± 55.4 ng/mL) (p<0.001). Conclusion
Hypnotherapy increases post-cesarean prolactin levels compared to the controls. Our findings open up a wide range of potential hypnotic applications among women with postpartum depression.
PubDate: 2023-01-16
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.6-11
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to physical
restraint: the case from Turkey
Authors: Selen OZAKAR AKCA, Ahu Pınar TURAN
Pages: 12 - 20
Abstract: Background
Nurses are primarily for the care of patients and should ensure that physical restraint, which has many negative consequences, be applied according to standard practice. Therefore, they should have knowledge about physical restraint and apply physical restraint by observing existing laws and ethical principles. This study aimed to determine the knowledge level, attitude and practices of pediatric nurses on physical restraint and identify the factors influencing physical restraint use. Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 pediatric nurses working in the pediatric clinic of a training and research hospital. The data were collected with an information form containing the introductory characteristics of the nurses and the Level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Staff Regarding Physical Restraints Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results
Overall, nurses had good restraint-related knowledge with positive attitudes, although the physical restraint practices of nurses were not the best and there were some deficiencies. A statistically non-significant difference was found between age, gender, education status, nurses' work unit, and training status regarding physical restraint on the one hand and knowledge, attitude and practice scores relating to the use of physical restraints on the other (p>0.05). Conclusions
Pediatric nurses' level of knowledge about physical restraint was quite good and their attitudes were positive. However, there were some deficiencies in their practices. Future training should therefore be emphasized to enhance nurses' ethical and sensitive thinking, increase their competence in applying physical restraint and working with patients.
PubDate: 2023-01-31
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.12-20
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Emotional eating in relation to gastrointestinal symptoms and burnout
among young women during the pandemic
Authors: Gulay YILMAZEL, Emre Keles, Nur Pinar Ayaz
Pages: 21 - 28
Abstract: Background
The emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), created unique constraints in everyday life. Emotional eating is a known phenomenon in disasters and is markedly associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. In this study, the aim was to assess the relationship of gastrointestinal symptom severity and COVID-19 burnout with emotional eating among young women during the pandemic disaster. Methods
A cross-sectional study approach was used to allow 462 young women participants in this study. The design of the questionnaires was based on demographics, health behaviors, Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale, Emotional Eating Scale and COVID-19 Burnout Scale. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean values, independent t-test, chi-squared test. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed for predicting risk factors of emotional eating. Significance levels were set at the 5% level. Results
Of the women, 73.8% were emotional eaters. The level of COVID-19 burnout was moderate with mean score of 29.4±11.1 and emotional eating total score was 21.0±8.1. Increased number of meals, increased weight gain and shorter sleep time were significantly associated with emotional eating (p<0.05). Participants with more than three meals per day were more likely to be emotional eaters (Beta=4.26). The regression model showed that indigestion and COVID-19 burnout were strong risk factors of emotinal eating (p<0.05). Conclusions
This study demonstrated that indigestion and COVID-19 burnout were strong risk factors of emotinal eating. Emotional eating could pose an additional health burden to young women in the form of poor food choices.
PubDate: 2023-03-02
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.21-28
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Resveratrol protects against copper and iron toxicity in Drosophila
melanogaster
Authors: Osaretin Godwin Igharo, Lucky Osemu EBALUEGBEIFOH, Godwin Aigbedo AIKPITANYI-IDUITUA, Henry Uzor OSHILONYAH, Idris Babatunde MOMODU
Pages: 29 - 40
Abstract: Background
Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are essential trace elements that when in excess are capable of causing cytotoxic effects leading to lipid peroxidation and promoting oxidative stress. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of RES in Fe and Cu sulphate-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods
Adult wild type flies were fed Cu2+ and Fe2+ (1 mM each) and/or RES (30 and 60 mg/kg diet) for 7 days. Survival, negative geotaxis and emergence rate were evaluated by daily recording of fruit fly mortality and final analysis. Fruit flies were anaesthetized using CO2 gas, homogenized and centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 °C. Aliquots of the supernatants were used for the estimation of biochemical markers using spectrophotometry. Results
Fruit flies co-treated with FeSO4 + CuSO4 (1 mM each) + RES (30 and 60 mg/Kg) significantly elevated H2O2, NO, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase as well as GSH, GST, catalase and total thiols (p<0.05) compared with the Cu2+ + Fe2+ (1mM each) treated group. Flies co-treated with FeSO4 + CuSO4 (1mM each) + RES (30 and 60mg/Kg) also had significantly improved (p< 0.05) eclosion and climbing rates compared with the Cu2+ + Fe2+ (1mM each) treated group. Conclusion
This study demonstrated that RES reduced Cu2+ and Fe2+-induced radical generation in D. melanogaster and improved the antioxidant buffering capability of the flies. Therefore, RES could be used in management of disorders involving oxidative stress.
PubDate: 2023-03-08
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.29-40
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Determinants of coronary heart disease among adults: a case-control study
Authors: Sudikno Sudikno, Srilaning Driyah, Julianty Pradono
Pages: 41 - 51
Abstract: Background
According to recent World Health Organization data, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Although the risk factors of this disease are well known, the strength of these factors varies in different populations. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of CHD in Indonesian adults aged 25 years and over. Methods
A case–control study was carried out involving 592 subjects aged 25 years and over (444 controls and 148 cases). Participants were interviewed using validated questionnaires. Physical examinations and supporting examinations were conducted. The Chi square test, Fisher’s exact test, and independent t test were used to analyze the data. To determine independent predictors of CHD, the odds ratio (OR) was determined via the multiple logistic regressions test. Results
The CHD subjects (case group) showed higher blood sugar and systolic pressure than non-CHD subjects (controls), with mean fasting blood sugar of 92.53±27.05 mg/dL vs 88.29 ±23.43 mg/dL (p=0.038), 2-hour postprandial blood sugar of 133.15±65.09 mg/dL vs 120.87±44.60 mg/dL (p=0.000), and systolic blood pressure of 89±27.62 mmHg vs 129.98±10.58 mmHg (p=0.002). The logistic regression analysis in the case group showed that higher education (college) had a 2.32-fold greater effect (95% CI. 1.01-5.35) on CHD incidence compared to the control group. Conclusions
This study has demonstrated that the most frequent risk factor for CVD in adults aged 25 years and over is higher education. Control and prevention of CHD need to be done with regular control of blood sugar levels and blood pressure to stabilize them within normal limits.
PubDate: 2023-03-16
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.41-51
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Headache in healthcare workers related to personal protective equipment
use in COVID-19 referral hospital
Authors: Ida Ayu Sri Wijayanti, Ni Putu Ayu Putri Mahadewi, Putu Gede Sudira, Kumara Tini, Ni Made Susilawathi, I Made Oka Adnyana
Pages: 52 - 60
Abstract: Background
Studies show that wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for long periods of time can lead to discomfort such as headaches, which could affect the performance of healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of headaches related to PPE in healthcare workers at a COVID-19 referral hospital. Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 174 healthcare workers in a COVID-19 referral hospital in Bali. We conducted interviews using a questionnaire that consisted of three main parts: characteristics of the subjects, PPE usage, and PPE-associated headaches. A multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results
The analysis results showed that the PPE-associated headaches had a prevalence of 63.8% and were gradual in onset, pressure-like in quality (46%), and mild in intensity (80.1%). PPE level III-associated headache was the most common type. The majority of the participants had headaches up to 6 hours after using the protective gear, but improving within 15-30 minutes of removal and/or after pharmacotherapy. A Chi-squared analysis showed a statistically significant association between duration of PPE use, working units, and PPE levels (p<0.05). A logistic regression analysis found a significant relationship between PPE level and headache occurrence (OR=4.826;95%CI: 2.433-9.572; p<0.001). Conclusion
The frequency of PPE-associated headache was high and the PPE level was a risk factor of headache among healthcare workers. Better strategies are needed to reduce the duration of PPE exposure so that the work performance and quality of life of healthcare workers are not significantly affected.
PubDate: 2023-04-06
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.52-60
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Hepatoprotective activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract on carbon
tetrachloride-induced acute liver faiure in Wistar rats
Authors: Rachellicya Ristioni Sihaloho , Chodijah Chodijah, Titiek Sumarawati, Joko Wahyu Wibowo, Siti Thomas Zulaikhah, Agung Putra, Nurul Hidayah, Shabrina Syifa Ghaissani, Mohammad Ariq Nazar
Pages: 61 - 69
Abstract: Background
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a state of rapid and progressive deterioration of liver function. Continuous exposure to chemicals and viruses can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) which leads to prolonged inflammation due to the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-á) thus inhibiting the production of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract on PDGF levels and TNF-á levels in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALF rats. Methods
This study used a post-test-only control group design involving 20 Wistar rats. They were randomized into 4 groups, namely sham, control, T1, and T2. Group T1 was exposed to CCl4 with the administration of A. bilimbi fruit extract at a dose of 500mg/kgBW, while, group T2 was exposed to CCl4 and given A. bilimbi fruit extract of 750 mg/kgBW. On the 15th day, the serum was analyzed to determine the levels of PDGF and TNF-á using ELISA. Results
The highest mean PDGF level in the control group was 146.60±15.36 pg/mL, while the highest mean TNF-á level in group T1 was 40.11±4.44 pg/mL. The One-way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences in TNF-á (p=0.002) and PDGF (p=0.000) levels between the study groups. Conclusion
The administration of A.bilimbi L. fruit extract affected PDGF and TNF-á levels in CCl4-induced ALF rats. The present study revealed that A. bilimbi fruits have significant hepatoprotective activity in experimental Wistar rats.
PubDate: 2023-04-10
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.61-69
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on body composition and quality
of life in overweight and obese women: a randomized control trial
Authors: GÜNER ÇİÇEK, Rabia Hurrem OZDURAK SINGIN
Pages: 70 - 83
Abstract: Background
Obesity has become a major health issue in the world and directly reduces the quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on body composition and quality of life (QoL) in overweight and obese women. Method
An experimental study involving 90 overweight/obese women aged between 20-45 years participated in the study voluntarily and were randomized into control (n=30), aerobic exercise (AE) (n=30), and resistance exercise (RE) (n=30) groups. Either AE or RE groups performed exercise for 60 minutes per day for 10 weeks, whereas the control group did not perform any exercise. The body composition and QoL of the women were measured before and after the exercise. Results
Body weight, BMI, fat mass, and waist and hip circumferences decreased significantly in both AE and RE groups after the exercise intervention compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, quality of life sub-dimensions including physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and environment sub-dimensions improved significantly in the AE and RE groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). Post hoc Tukey test showed that AE was as effective as RE for improving body composition parameters and QoL sub dimension compared to control group. Conclusion
This study demonstrated that both AE and RE were effective in improving body composition and thereby increasing the QoL in overweight and obese women. Both AE and RE programs are effective and should be considered within any multicomponent therapy program in overweight and obese women.
PubDate: 2023-04-10
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.70-83
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Influence of interspecies interactions on biomass and extracellular
polymeric substances of bacterial biofilms
Authors: Mercedes Baltazara Schettini Alava, Naga Raju Maddela
Pages: 84 - 93
Abstract: Background
Studies with emphasis on pure and mixed-species biofilms are of significant importance in understanding biofilm formation mechanisms during microbial infections. This research aims to evaluate pure- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli (code A), Staphylococcus aureus (code B), Klebsiella pneumoniae (code C) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (code D) pathogenic bacterial species and their production of biofilm exopolysaccharides at laboratory scale. Methods
Biofilm biomass (A595) of pure- and dual-species cultures was determined by means of a microtiter plate assay in triplicate using a microplate photometer (Fisher Scientific, type-357). Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) were extracted from the biofilm cells (pure- and dual-species cultures) using the alkaline-heat extraction method. Dry weights (g/L) of EPS and SMP were determined by drying the samples at 105 °C for 8 hours. Results
Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm biomass accounted for a 28-72% greater biofilm biomass than the other bacteria. Experimental values of dual-species biofilm biomasses were in the range of 6% to 30% over theoretical values. The experimental value of one dual-species (bacteria B + D) biofilm biomass was 30% higher than its expected value. Decrease or increase in the dual-species biofilm biomass of either bacteria A+C or bacteria B+C combinations was totally dependent on the cell density of bacteria C. Conclusions
Biofilm biomass of pure-species cultures was totally species-dependent, and the biofilm biomass of four species was in the following order: bacteria C > D > A > B. Relation between biofilm biomasses and SMP or EPS was inconsistent.
PubDate: 2023-04-10
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.84-93
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Effect of spinal anesthesia with sufentanil on length of stages I and II
of labor in singleton pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mina Yadollahi, Kambiz Sadegi, Mahdi Afshari, Batool Shahraki Mojahed
Pages: 94 - 100
Abstract: Background
Labor pain is one of the most painful experiences in a women's life. One of the methods of pain relief is spinal anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spinal anesthesia with sufentanil on the length of the first and second stages of labor in singleton pregnant women. Methods
A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving 56 women who had to be at least 37 weeks pregnant with a singleton pregnancy and 20 to 35 years of age, as well as seeking a spontaneous natural delivery. They were randomized into an intervention group (spinal anesthesia with sufentanil) of 28 subjects and a control group (no spinal anesthesia) of 28 subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software program 20.0. Results
Mean duration of stage I of labor was 152.32 ± 92.01 and 187.68 ± 121.01 minutes in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p=0.34), whereas mean duration of stage II of labor in the 2 groups was 15.96 ± 14.26 and 26.43 ± 20.90 minutes, respectively (p=0.06). Twenty five percent of women in the intervention group and 35.71% of women in the control group experienced a long stage I, whereas 21.43% of women in the intervention group and 35.71% of women in the control group experienced a long stage II (p>0.05). Conclusion
This study suggests that spinal anesthesia with sufentanil does not increase the duration of labor stages. It is recommended that more studies be performed in the future using larger sample sizes to allow for the drawing of solid conclusions.
PubDate: 2023-04-17
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.94-100
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- COVID-19 and the ageing immune system in an elderly patient : a case
report
Authors: I Gusti Putu Suka Aryana, Ida Ayu Pradnya Paramita
Pages: 101 - 107
Abstract: Background
The severity of COVID-19 infection has an increasing trend in the elderly, which contributes to the high morbidity and mortality rates in this population. Aging itself is a prominent risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. Case Description
This case report a 71-year-old woman who complained of shortness of breath for 3 days before being admitted to the hospital. Bilateral consolidation and increased bronchovascular pattern were found on chest radiograph, and a positive SARS-COV2 nasopharyngeal swab PCR test result was noted. This patient was diagnosed with confirmed severe manifestation of COVID-19, community-acquired pneumonia and type 1 respiratory failure, as well as type II diabetes mellitus and suspicion of acute gastritis. The results of the geriatric status assessment were moderate functional status, risk of malnutrition, and moderate risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This patient underwent treatment in accordance with the COVID-19 protocol along with management for geriatric status improvement. The patient was given permission to return home after 14 days of treatment, during which time her health had improved and her functional status had changed to moderate dependency. During follow-up, the patient continued to receive therapy. She is still being observed and future evaluations will be conducted. Conclusion
The increased susceptibility of the elderly to COVID-19 infection is caused by various factors. A burden of death and long-term disability brought on by this pandemic may be lessened by new or modified therapies that target aging-associated mechanisms. Therefore, COVID-19 case management in this population should be done with a comprehensive approach.
PubDate: 2023-01-19
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.101-107
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
- Resistance genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to cefixime and azithromycin
Authors: Louisa Ivana Utami, Yeva Rosana
Pages: 108 - 118
Abstract: Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection (STI), following Chlamydia. Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to antibiotics are increasing globally in the world. In recent years, many studies have reported reduced susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae to almost all clinically useful antibiotics and also reported cases of multi-resistance. Resistance mechanisms for N. gonorrhoeae can occur through genetic and non-genetic changes. Resistance to cefixime and azithromycin as first-line antibiotics for monotherapy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) has been reported from several countries. Genetic changes were reported as the main cause of N.gonorrhoeae resistance to cefixime and azithromycin. Based on the WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, countries are increasingly using a combination of cephalosporin and azithromycin for the treatment of gonorrhea. The aim of this review is to analyze genetic variation of N.gonorrhoeae resistance to cefixime and azithromycin. Articles published in English in the last 12 years (from 2010 to 2021) were retrieved from Science Direct, PubMed, Springerlink, Oxford and Nature using relevant searching terms. Mutants of cefixime-resistant N.gonorrhoeae are mediated by mosaic and non-mosaic penA genes encoding penicillin binding protein 2. In addition, mutations in the repressor and promoter genes of mtrR were also found that caused overexpression of the microbial efflux pump. Meanwhile, N. gonorrhoeae resistance to azithromycin reportedly occurs through two strategies, namely overexpression of the efflux pump (mutation of the mtrR codon region) and decreased affinity for antibiotics (single base mutation in the 23S rRNA gene). With the limited choice of antibiotics for the management of N.gonorrhoeae, it is necessary to do regular surveillance for monitoring drug resistance. By understanding the mechanism of resistance, the use of these antibiotics can be rationally optimized.
PubDate: 2023-02-22
DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.108-118
Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 1 (2023)
