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International Entrepreneurship Review
Number of Followers: 0  Subscription journalISSN (Online) 2658-1841 Published by Cracow University of Economics  [2 journals]
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- The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the operations of real estate
agencies and the attitudes of their clients in Poland
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Authors: Bartłomiej Marona; Mateusz Tomal
Abstract: Objective: The objective of the article is to evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the operations of real estate agencies and the attitudes of their clients in Poland. Research Design & Methods: A survey questionnaire with open-ended questions distributed among all Polish real estate agents associated in the Polish Real Estate Federation. Findings: The Covid-19 pandemic changed the operations of real estate agents and the attitudes of tenants and landlords. Real estate brokers turned to remote work using state-of-the-art technologies, landlords became more flexible to the market conditions, and tenants were looking for flats in a better technical condition with a balcony or garden. Implications & Recommendations: The changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in real estate agencies’ operations and in the attitudes of their clients in Poland are permanent and highly likely to uphold in the post-Covid-19 times. The findings provide a reference for new housing projects as well as the way real estate agents operate. Contribution & Value Added: This is the first study considering the entire housing market in Poland and analysing the durability of the Covid-19 pandemic impacts.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
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- Does masculine orientation affect entrepreneurial intentions' Empirical
research results among students
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Authors: Krystian Bigos; Jan Chlanda, Michał Ciepły, Natalia Ciosmak, Adam Michalik, Anita Pustułka
Abstract: Objective: The article aims to present the research results on the relationship between the national culture dimension of masculinity/femininity according to Hosfstede’s approach and declared entrepreneurial intentions. Research Design & Methods: The research sample included 226 Polish students, whom we asked questions relating to Hofstede’s dimensions of culture. In the next step, we created binomial logistic regression models. We verified the hypothesis based on the models’ estimated parameters in the next step. Findings: The study revealed that people representing a masculine cultural orientation tend to be more inclined to start their own businesses than those with a feminine orientation. Implications & Recommendations: The research results confirmed that the characteristics attributed to male culture favour the emergence and development of entrepreneurial intentions. Thus, from the education perspective aimed at promoting pro-entrepreneurial behaviour, it is advisable to develop these qualities in society by emphasizing the educational process on the training of creative leaders, people with high mental resilience, and a willingness to compete and improve the surrounding world. Contribution & Value Added: This article fills the research gap in the cultural determinants of entrepreneurial development, subject to the need to continue research on a more extensive research sample in terms of international comparisons.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
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- How to attract migrant entrepreneurs to peripheral regions' Evidence
from Poland
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Authors: Sabina Kubiciel-Lodzińska; Jolanta Maj, Alexandra David
Abstract: Objective: The article aims to identify market entrance barriers faced by migrant entrepreneurs and reasons for the attractiveness of specific places when starting a business in so-called peripheral regions. Research Design & Methods: This article presents the results of a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, for which 21 migrant entrepreneurs were interviewed in 2019 and 2020 in Opolskie Voivodeship. Findings: The findings suggest the respondents selected the Opolskie Voivodeship for business activities on the bases of socio-spatial embeddedness. Neither the entrepreneurial ecosystem nor the promising economic situation were identified as meaningful for starting or growing businesses. Implications & Recommendations: Drawing on the findings, the authors developed practical implications for policymakers. Attention should be given to tools attracting migrants to peripheral regions. Established migrant entrepreneurs in peripheral regions could be integrated into a regional attraction concept and make the local ecosystem more inclusive for this group of entrepreneurs. They may be turned into practice by giving them the right to member and participate in official networks of the economic development agency or the chamber of commerce. In general, the openness of migrants to reach out to support infrastructures for business creation should be actively addressed. Contribution & Value Added: The research fills the research gaps relating to the spatial dimension and the regional context of the presence of migrant entrepreneurs in the peripheral areas of Poland.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
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- The impact of renewable energy sources on generating jobs: The case of
Poland
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Authors: Magdalena Wysocka
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the article is to identify and assess the impact of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) on job creation. Research Design & Methods: The study offers an overview of an empirical nature. A review of pertinent literature allows the author to identify, classify, and summarize the most recent scientific reports, both theoretical and empirical, with regard to that particular area of enquiry. Relying on the methodology of systematic literature review, it has been possible to distinguish a database of scientific studies (Scopus, Research Gate, and Google Scholar databases) and studies-reports by, e.g. ILO, IRENA, REN21, EurObserv’ER, Eurostat and Statistics Poland; most applicable studies were subsequently selected to be analysed and verified in terms of their usefulness for further research. The empirical part of the article includes tabulated figures showing employment changes for particular RES technologies and by means of three basic parameters, it illustrates the condition of the labour market in Poland. The strength and direction of the relationship between the analysed variables were computed using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. Findings: A review and study of relevant literature yielded synthetic knowledge concerning the impact of renewable energy sources on job creation. The research demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of employed in RES and the activity rate, as well as the employment rate while displaying a negative correlation with the unemployment rate. Implications & Recommendations: Using up-to-date assessments of job opportunities resulting from the energy transition should inspire politicians and energy sector managers to develop integrated energy, environmental, and labour market policies aimed at sustainable development and job creation in the green economy. Contribution & Value Added: A critical review of the literature on the subject and the presented results of empirical research enrich knowledge on the impact of renewable energy on employment and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Updated knowledge allows for a better understanding of the relationship between employment and national renewable energy policy.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
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- Economic growth and decent work as a goal of sustainable development in
the European Union in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period
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Authors: Krzysztof Adam Firlej; Chrystian Firlej, Lidia Luty
Abstract: Objective: The research objective of this article is to compare the European Union member countries in terms of achieving the sustainable development goal of economic growth and decent work during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Design & Methods: The study used a set of quantitative data, the realization of indicators proposed for Goal 8 of the document Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development signed at the summit in New York, 25-27 September 2015 by the leaders of the UN member countries for all 27 EU member states. The analysis was based on the tools of multivariate statistical analysis, a model method for linear ordering of objects proposed by Ching-Lai Hwang and Kwangsun Yoon – the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Findings: The grouping of member countries according to the degree of implementation of the above-mentioned indicated a very good position of five countries with the highest value of the synthetic measure (Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Denmark, Sweden) and a good one for Germany, Belgium, Finland, Austria, France, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, and Malta. Bulgaria and Greece fared particularly negatively against the analysed group of countries. The hypothesis stating that under the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic most of the indicators for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 8 worsened in most European Union member states was verified positively. In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, varying percentage changes were observed in individual indicators of achieving the above-mentioned goal in the studied group of countries. Implications & Recommendations: The results obtained under the individual indicators of Sustainable Development Goal 8 indicate the need for differentiated economic policy measures in individual countries for improving the situation in selected areas of the economy. These require a pragmatic and holistic approach that takes into account, on the one hand, local development conditions and the possibility of economic improvement, and, on the other hand, the need to ensure the health and well-being of the population under the risk of a recurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Contribution & Value Added: The value added of the work is the classification of the European Union member countries according to their progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of economic growth and decent work (SDG 8) and the analysis of changes in indicators monitoring changes in these areas under conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
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- The Belorussian IT sector as a panacea for the shortage of specialists in
the labour market of selected post-communist countries
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Authors: Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Karolina Kotulewicz-Wisińska, Rafał Lisiakiewicz, Wojciech Zysk
Abstract: Objective: The objective of the article is to analyse the status of IT specialists in the labour market of selected post-communist countries: Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Ukraine. Research Design & Methods: The article used own calculations made based on available statistical data from the World Bank, European Commission, Polish Agency for Enterprise Development, Belstat, Ukrstat, and UNCTAD. A descriptive method was also used, as well as deductive reasoning, studying the literature of the subject, and analysis of source texts. Findings: The article demonstrates that despite the difficult socio-political situation and the deteriorating condition of the Belorussian economy, IT specialists from this country can be a panacea for staff shortages in the labour market in neighbouring countries, i.e. in Poland, Ukraine, and the Baltic States. The article also analyses the offers of the above-mentioned post-communist countries that received migrants from the Belorussian IT industry. Implications & Recommendations: We show that Poland has significant economic potential (and economic ties) in terms of incentives for employees of the Belarusian IT sector. The potential of the rest of the studied countries is in total comparable to that of the Republic of Poland – compared with Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Ukraine. Relocation of Belarusian IT specialists may contribute to the improvement of competitiveness and innovation of the host countries. Contribution & Value Added: The interest of the countries neighbouring Belarus in the process of encouraging Belarusian IT specialists to emigrate from their homeland has been confirmed and there are very few studies on similar topics in the literature. Moreover, the conclusions drawn from the conclusions of the study may serve as recommendations for specific actions at the government level.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
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- Accrual-based earnings management and organizational life cycles:
Two-dimensional analysis
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Authors: Michał Comporek
Abstract: Objective: The article aims to determine the relationship between the stage of a business life cycle and the scope and directions of accrual-based earnings management (AEM) in industrial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). Research Design & Methods: The assessment of statistical relationships between the patterns of earnings management in individual stages of an organization’s life cycle (OLC) was carried out based on the Kruskal-Wallis test by ranks and the Mann-Whitney U test. The extraction of discretionary accruals was performed based on the Modified Jones model, while the Dickinson model evaluated OLC stages. The study investigated 297 industrial listed companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the 2012-2020 period. Findings: Empirical studies have shown that strategies of intentionally lowering the net result prevailed in the research sample. The scope of the AEM practices, estimated by discretionary accruals, was the largest in industrial companies in the growth and maturity phase. The frequency of big bath reporting was related to the OLC phases, with net losses exceeding 20% of total assets being most often reported among companies in the decline stage. On the other hand, the frequency of reporting small net incomes was even across all tested subpopulations. Implications & Recommendations: The research indicates the need to continue scientific research on the issues of measuring the quality of reported accounting data and prediction tools of various techniques for shaping the financial result. Understanding the underlying motives and determinants that drive enterprises to performance management is a prerequisite for preventing this type of activity in business practice. Contribution & Value Added: The article presents an innovative approach to assessing relationships between AEM and the OLC stages. It referred to examining the frequency of specific techniques of AEM (e.g. big bath and small net income) in companies characterized by specific patterns of generated cash flows.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +000
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