JournalTOCs

Jurnal Biologi Udayana
Number of Followers: 0

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1410-5292
Published by Universitas Udayana

[62 journals]

Cover and Table of Content
- Authors: I Made Saka Wijaya
  Abstract: Cover and table of contents
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Mangrove community structure in the coastal waters of Sehati Village,
Central Maluku Regency
- Authors: Umar Namakule, Karel Markus Melsasail
  Pages: 100 - 110
  Abstract: Sehati is one of the villages located in Central Maluku Regency which has a mangrove area with an area of
  66,5 ha which is used as a local tourist attraction. Tourism support facilities are built to improve the
  aesthetics of the area but have implications for the conversion of mangrove land. Mangrove cover is reduced
  due to logging by local communities and the intensity of plastic waste in the area has increased along with
  the low awareness of visitors. These tourism activities put significant pressure on the mangrove ecosystem
  in Sehati village. The purpose of this study was to analyze the community structure and environmental
  conditions of the substrate and waters in the mangrove forest area in Sehati village, Central Maluku
  Regency. Data collection was performed using the linear squared transect method. The transects used are
  5 pieces with squared measuring 3 x 3 meter as many as 10 pieces and are supported of various parameters oh water physics and chemistry. There are 5 species of mangroves found in the coastal village waters. The diversity index value is low (0,348), the dominance index is high (0,893), and the evenness index is low (0,348). Rhizophora apiculata has the highest value of density (12,78 ind/m2), abundance (23 ind/m2),
  attendance frequency (0,96%), and index of importance (103,56). Physical and chemical conditions of
  waters are still in a good condition for the growth of magroves.
  PubDate: 2021-12-21
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p01
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Application arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus sp. and Trichoderma sp. as
biofertilizer and biostimulator of tomatoes growth (Solanum lycopersicum
L.)
- Authors: Anak Agung Yulia Anggiani, Meitini Wahyuni Proborini, I Ketut Muksin, Inna Narayani
  Pages: 111 - 121
  Abstract: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a horticultural crop that has many benefits and potential to be developed. Market demand for tomatoes is increasing, but tomato production in Bali has decreased due to biotic and abiotic factors. One of efforts to increase tomato production is by using the Mycorrhizal Arbuscular Fungi (FMA) Glomus sp. and Trichoderma sp. which act as a biofertilizer and biostimulator. The study was conducted in November 2020 until February 2021 and aims to analyze the effect of AMF, Trichoderma, and combinations on the growth of tomato plants. Research site was at the Greenhouse and the Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy in the Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Udayana University. The experiment used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors, three replicates. First factor was the dose of AMF Glomus (0, 100, 150, and 200 spores per plant) and the second factor was the dose of Trichoderma (0, 10, and 20 mL per plant). Data of this study was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that AMF Glomus 150 spores increased plant height, root length, number of flower bunches, dry plant mass, and obtained the highest AMF colonization percentage at 35% (medium category).
  PubDate: 2021-12-21
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p02
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
The grow of seaweeds (Eucheuma cottonii) in different initial weight at
Pandawa Beach, Bali
- Authors: Ni Pande Putu Suji Dian Antari, Ni Luh Watiniasih, Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
  Pages: 122 - 129
  Abstract: Seaweed is a low-level plant, does not have exact roots, stems, and leaves, and the plant part is called the thallus. One species that is often cultivated by the seaweed farmers in Bali is Eucheuma cottonii. The initial weight of the seeds planted can affect the growth of seaweed. The results of the study found that good seaweed seeds used ranged from 50-150 g, but has never been studied in detail on E. cottonii using floating raft method. This study aims to determine the initial weight of seaweed seeds that are good for growth using the floating raft method where the seeds are placed in a bag. This study consisted of 3 treatments, namely treatment A with a seed weight of 50 g, treatment B with a seed weight of 100 g, and treatment C with a seed weight of 150 g. This research was conducted at Pandawa Beach, Bali, from March-April 2021, which data was collected once a week for 7 weeks. The results showed that the growth of seaweed increased every week and different between treatments. The final weight of seaweed in treatment A was 558.83 g, treatment B was 552.167 g, and treatment C was 529.67 g. Seaweed growth in treatment A was higher than treatment B and C. The average Specific Growth Rate (SGR) in treatment A was 4.92%, treatment B was 3.48%, and treatment C was 2.57%. The best results from the seeds used were found in seedlings with an initial weight of 50g, compared to the weight of other seeds (P<0.002).
  PubDate: 2021-12-21
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p03
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Analysis of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica
Forks.) in a swamp with domestic wastewater
- Authors: Suraida Suraida, Boby Syefrinando, Alfian Alfian, Fistoni Fistoni
  Pages: 130 - 136
  Abstract: This study aimed to determine the content of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forks.) growing in swamps where household wastewater flows. This type of study is observational, carried out using a descriptive approach through heavy metal testing in the laboratory. The results showed that the parts of the plant that accumulated the most heavy metals were roots, followed by stems, while leaves did not contain metals. Root organs contained 0.0146 mg/kg of Pb and 0.0018 mg/kg of Cd metal. The stem organ section contains 0.0012 mg/kg of lead and 0.000867 mg/kg of Cd. All are still below the maximum limit of metal contamination for foodstuffs, and therefores still safe for public consumption.
  PubDate: 2021-12-21
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p04
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
The diversity of Bryophytes in Nenek Hills, Natural Tourism Park of Mount
Permisan, South Bangka Regency
- Authors: Henri Henri, Rusidi Rusidi, Ratna Santi
  Pages: 137 - 146
  Abstract: The mosses growth is generally influenced by temperature, habitat humidity, light intensity, and soil acidity. This study aimed to determine the level of diversity of bryophytes species on various substrates in the Nenek Hills Natural Tourism Park of Mount Permisan, South Bangka Regency. The methods used in this study were exploration and observation. The results of this study are the types of mosses (Bryophytes) found Nenek Hills Natural Tourism Park of Mount Permisan, South Bangka Regency, are from the families Calymperaceae, Dicranaceae, Fissidentaceae, Leucobryaceae, Rhizogoniaceae, Sematophylaceae, Calypogeiaceae, Geocalyceae, Lejeuneaceae, Lepidoziaceae and Plagiochilaceae. The dominating family is Leucobryaceae, Lejeuneaceae and Calymperaceae. The type of substrate that moss prefers to grow is rock. Abiotic factors consist of light intensity with a value of 0,2-7,2 Klx (low), air temperature with a value of 25-29°C (medium-high), humidity with a value of 34-68% (medium-high), soil acidity with a value of 5,9-6,9 (slightly-neutral) and soil moisture with a value of 52-65% (moist).
  PubDate: 2021-12-21
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p05
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Potential Rhizopus spp. in control the growth of Aspergillus flavus
FNCC6109 in broiler chicken concentrate feed
- Authors: Lalu Muhammad Sakti Surya Jagat, Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa, I Made Sara Wijana
  Pages: 147 - 156
  Abstract: Aspergillus flavus contamination of agriculture in Indonesia can cause problems to animal health and productivity. Some factors can support the appearance of contamination in feed, especially temperature and humidity. The main objective of this research was to investigate potency of Rhizopus spp. on inhibit A. flavus FNCC6109 in broiler chicken concentrate feed. The experiments were conducted dual culture method and the inhibition test of the Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture was incubated for 3, 4 and 5 days on in vitro. The in vivo test was directly applied in broiler chicken concentrate feed which added Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture concentration at 10% (v/v), 20% (v/v), 30% (v/v), 40% (v/v), dan 50% (v/v). The results showed that the Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture significantly (P'0,05) to inhibit the growth of A. flavus FNCC6109 both in vitro and in vivo. The percentage inhibition of Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture incubated for 5 days showed 67,47±2,10% relatively better results than 3 and 4 days, and therefore was used in the in vivo. Application of 50% (v/v) Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture to the broiler chicken concentrate feed significantly reduced 82% population of A. flavus FNCC6109 after 15 days incubated relative to that of negative control (concentrate feed without addition Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture and A. flavus FNCC6109).
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p06
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Comparison of oviposition preference of black soldier fly (Hermetia
illucens) on different substrate as egg laying attractant
- Authors: Rachel Anggia, Ramadhani Eka Putra
  Pages: 157 - 164
  Abstract: Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is one of the biological agents for organic waste decomposition. This process produced insect biomass with significant economic value. To maintain the population of this insect, an artificial rearing had to be done to produce a continuous supply of eggs. One of the important components of egg production is substrate to attract female to lay egg on the ovitraps. Ovitrap is a structure applied to accumulate the egg for easier handling. In this study, the preference of female on the several types of attractants was tested. The subtrates were rotten cabbage, rotten papaya, tofu dreg, and commercial fish feed. The preference was based on the amounts of eggs laid on the ovitrap (in weight). The result showed that fish mill is the most preference substrate (amount of eggs: 2.17 gram) while tofu dreg was the least preferred substrate (amount of eggs: 0.06 gram).
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p07
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti larvae in East Java towards commercial
Temephos at different doses
- Authors: Firas Khaleyla, Etik Ainun Rohmah, Kris Cahyo Mulyatno
  Pages: 165 - 171
  Abstract: Control of Ae. Aegypti population is performed as an effort to suppress the transmission of dengue virus, one of the methods is sprinkling of temephos larvicide. Operational dose of temephos used in Indonesia (1 mg/L) is higher from recommended dose of WHO (0.012 mg/L). In East Java, commercial temephos are found to have different application doses of 8 g/L (8G) and 10 g/L (10 G). This study was designed to know the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti population from Jember (JEM), Surabaya (SBY), and Entomology Laboratory of Universitas Airlangga collection (LAB) towards temephos 8G and 10G starting at high (1 mg/L) to low concentrations(0.015625 mg/L). Larvae mortality test was performed based on WHO standard method with 4 times replication. Data was analyzed statistically. Results showed that the three groups of Ae. aegypti larvae had mortality level at >90% in the lowest concentration applied (0.015625 mg/L) at time threshold of 240 minutes, for both temephos8 G and 10 G. Significant difference of larvae mortality towards highest (1 mg/L) and lowest dose (0.015625 mg/L) was found in JEM, at both 8 G and 10 G doses, and LAB at 8 G dose. JEM and SBY groups were found to have resistance ratio 95 (RR95) to temephosat low category (<5) compared to LAB. All groupstill retained susceptibility towards commercial temephos larvicide at low dose (0.015625 mg/L). Based on results, we recommendedlowering the operational dose of larvicide temephos used for population control of Ae. aegypti vector population in East Java.
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p08
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Structure of riparian vegetation in Bongkasa Pertiwi Village, Abiansemal
District, Badung Regency – Bali
- Authors: I Made Saka Wijaya, Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma Yuni, Ida Ayu Eka Pertiwi Sari
  Pages: 172 - 182
  Abstract: Ayung river is the longest river in Bali. The middle part of the river is frequently utilized as rafting for tourism, such as in Bongkasa Pertiwi Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency – Bali. To preserve the river’s ecological function, the information of riparian vegetation as the dynamic component in river is highly required. This research aimed to study the structure of riparian vegetation in Bongkasa Pertiwi Village. The plot method was used and the study site was divided into three stations. Each station was composed by three replications with four plot variations: trees (20 x 20 m), poles (10 x 10 m), saplings (5 x 5), and herbs-shrubs (2 x 2 m). The data was analysed using vegetation analysis that completed with Importance Value (IV), Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’), Index of Dominancy (C), and Index of Evenness (E). This study found that the structure of riparian vegetation in Bongkasa Pertiwi Village was in good condition which was indicated by the high abundance of local tree species. The floristic composition of riparian vegetation comprised by 18 species of trees, 18 species of poles, 21 species of saplings, and 29 species of herbs and shrubs. Cocos nucifera, Pterospermum javanicum, Bischofia javanica, Cananga odorata, Elaeocarpus serratus, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Coffea canephora, and Nephelium lappaceum were the species with the highest Importance Value (IV). The floor vegetation in form of herbs and shrubs was dominated by Sphaegneticola trilobata, Oplismenus burmanni, and Diplazium esculentum. Based on the Diversity Index (H’), Index of Dominancy (C), and Index of Evenness (E), diversity of riparian vegetation in Bongkasa Pertiwi Village was classified as medium category, without any dominated species, and the vegetation composition was equivalent.
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p09
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Escherichia coli specific bacteriophage isolated from various water
sources in Central Bogor, Bogor City as an alternative antibiotic
- Authors: Arga Darmawan Wally, Eko S. Pribadi, Surachmi Setyaningsih
  Pages: 183 - 188
  Abstract: The Research isolated specific phages of Escherichia coli in various water sample in Bogor Tengah, Bogor City and stored them. The Research was conducted in Bogor City in March and April 2020. Phage enrichment was carried out twice as the gold standard method of isolating phages. The plaque test was carried out to confirm the presence of phages in the collected water samples examined using the filtrate obtained only from the phage enrichment method. E. coli isolated in all water samples and phage obtained one water sample, namely the meat dyeing of Pasar Merdeka, Bogor City. The phage concentration in the water sample was 9.1 x 108 PFU/ml. The phage concentration level was considered high enough that it has the potential to be used in the therapy of bacterial infections caused by E. coli.
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p10
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Daily activity of sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and bengal
tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Bali Zoo, Gianyar
- Authors: Putu Laksmi Candra Dewi, Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma Yuni, Ni Luh Watiniasih
  Pages: 189 - 196
  Abstract: Bali Zoo is an ex-situ conservation institution for various species of animals, including the bengal tiger and the sumatran tiger. Both species are included in the IUCN list with endangered status for the bengal tiger and critical status for the sumatran tiger. This study aimed to determine the daily activities of the two species of tigers at the Bali Zoo. Daily activity data collection was conducted by using focal animal sampling method, recording activities was conducted by using the instantaneous recording method on 30 second time interval within 30 minutes. The data collection was undertaken in morning, midday, and afternoon. Both tiger species allocated most of their time for resting. Sumatran tigers allocated 64,69 ± 2,52% of their time for resting, 31,32 ± 2,46% for moving, 2,72 ± 0,40% for grooming, 0,37 ± 0,08% for urinating 0,33 ± 0.11% for eating, 0,31 ± 0,07% for drinking, and 0,26 ± 0,08% for social activities. For the bengal tigers, they allocated 68,23 ± 2,20% of their time for resting, 24,14 ± 1,99% for moving, 3,54 ± 0,34% for social activities, 2,23 ± 0,29% for grooming, 0,39 ± 0,08% for urinating, 0,39 ± 0,09% for drinking, and 0,08 ± 0,18% for eating. Very low proportion of pacing activity was recorded in both species in which indicated that they felt comfortable in their captivity.
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p11
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Potential of Streptomyces sp. in preventing the in vitro growth of
Colletotrichum acutatum, the causative agent of infection in Capsicum
annum L.
- Authors: Rochmalia Juniarti Putri, Retno Kawuri, Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi, Inna Narayani
  Pages: 197 - 207
  Abstract: Red chilli plant (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in Indonesian society. One of them the pathogens attacks is Colletotrichum acutatum, a fungus causing anthracnose on red chilli. This study aims to determine the existence of Streptomyces sp. bacteria in the rhizosphere of the red chilli plant; the ability of Streptomyces sp. in inhibiting C. acutatum; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Streptomyces isolates extracts in inhibiting C. acutatum; The Streptomyces isolation was carried out by dilution method using selective meida, namely Yeast Malt Agar. The Dual Culture method was used as an inhibition test between Streptomyces sp. and C. acutatum in vitro. A well diffusion method was used to test the effectiveness of the Streptomyces sp. and MIC filtrate concentration in inhibiting C. acutatum. The data obtained in this study were analyzed with Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test with 5% significance. Five Streptomyces isolates were found, namely Streptomyces sp.1, Streptomyces sp.2, Streptomyces sp.3, Streptomyces sp.4, and Streptomyces sp.5 in the rhizosphere of healthy C. annum L. plants in Daup Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. Streptomyces sp. isolates. can significantly inhibit the growth of the fungus C. acuatum with inhibitory power ranging from 50.30% to 83.76%, Streptomyces sp.5 isolate was able to provide the highest percentage of inhibition in C. acutatum of 83.76 ± 2.91% with MIC 7% (v/v) with a diameter of 6.40 mm.
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p12
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)
Morphological and histological kidney structure in diabetic rats model
treated with ethanol extracts of jengkol fruit peel (Archidendron
pauciflorum)
- Authors: Desak Made Malini, Nurullia Fitriani, Adnin Laila, Nining Ratningsih, Tia Setiawati
  Pages: 208 - 217
  Abstract: In a long term, diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to nephropathy due to glomerular hyperfiltration. One of the plant used as a diabetic drug by the community in Karangwangi Village, Cianjur Regency, West Java is the fruit peel of jengkol. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract of Jengkol fruit peel (EEJFP) toward the morphological and histological structure on the kidney of the diabetic rat model. The method adopted was the Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments namely NC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) 0.5%), PC (CMC 0.5%), Pb (Glibenclamide 5 mg/kg BW), P1, P2, and P3 (EEJFP 385; 770; and 1,540 mg/kg BW) with 4 replications for 14 consecutive days. Furthermore, the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin dose of 60 mg/Kg BW was performed intravenously in experimental animals except for the NC group. The parameters observed include relative weight, morphological, and histological structure of kidney which include glomerular diameter, Bowman space distance, and percentage of proximal tubular cell necrosis. The non-parametric and parametric data were tested by Kruskal Wallis and ANOVA test as well as Duncan's follow-up test, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the morphological structure of the kidney between treatment groups. Furthermore, the relative weights of kidney in the PC, Pb, P1, and P3 groups were larger and significantly different compared to NC and P2 also, the histological structure showed that the glomerular diameter (65.43 ± 0.7 m), Bowman space distance (4.19 ± 1.7 µm), and the percentage of proximal tubular cell necrosis (24.6 ± 5.5%) at P2 were not significantly different from NC. Based on this results, it was concluded that EEJFP has no effect on the kidney’s morphological structure, however, it decreases its relative weight and repair the kidney’s histological damage of the diabetic rat model with the optimum dose of 770 mg/kg BW.
  PubDate: 2021-12-22
  DOI: 10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2021.v25.i02.p13
  Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 2 (2021)