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Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture
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ISSN (Print) 1863-5954 - ISSN (Online) 2197-5523
Published by Ruhr-Universität Bochum Homepage  [4 journals]
  • Overcoming Namibia’s worst drought in the last 40 years: Ethnographic
           insights from Okakarara constituency

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      Authors: Diego A. Menestrey Schwieger
      Pages: 1 - 21
      Abstract: In 2019, Namibia experienced one of the worst droughts in recent decades, significantly affecting its agricultural economy, especially the livestock production sector. In this context, there is limited literature about how pastoral farmers in the country’s communal agricultural areas navigated this severe dryness. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by introducing a case study involving Ovaherero pastoralists in the Okakarara constituency. Following a mixed-method approach, it describes the practices implemented by local households to keep their cattle herds alive, the challenges they experienced thereby, and the strategies used for recovering their livestock losses. The study reveals that essential drought-coping practices, such as livestock mobility along with various long-term risk reduction mechanisms, such as reservation of emergency pastures, and social institutions of exchange, are limited in the communities described in this research. The paper discusses the main reasons for these conditions and their implications for local farmers, considering that more frequent droughts of similar severity are projected for the coming years in the region.
      PubDate: 2023-02-11
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • ‘Eekamba adishe nadi ufanwe, Eendingosho adishe na di ongelwe u pule
           kwali Nashima’: Nanghili Nashima, The performer and feminist
           intellectual

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      Authors: Martha Akawa, Ndapewa Fenny Nakanyete, Nashilongweshipwe Mushaandja
      Pages: 22 - 42
      Abstract: This article studies Nanghili Nashima’s Oudano practices and public life. We discuss how her autobiographical public performance practices during apartheid and independent Namibia constitute feminism. The study mainly focused on the sound and video recordings currently archived at the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation's Music Library and on YouTube. This work offers critical engagement on themes of migration, sexuality and labour, challenging colonial, Christian, patriarchal and heteronormative norms, and systems in Ovawambo and African societies at large. We unpack her mobile work and public life as defiant and subversive, therefore, speaking truth to multiple forms of power. By listening collectively and closely to her performance work, the study argues that Nanghili Nashima emerged as a trans-local figure who relied on transgression through her Oudano praxis to embody agency and radical imagination as practices of freedom. It is on this basis that her intellectual tradition is situated in what Pumla Gqola has theorised as African feminist imagination.
      PubDate: 2023-02-11
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Exploring the Effect of Remote Teaching on Preservice Special Education
           Teachers Motivation During COVID-19 Pandemic

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      Authors: Emad. M. Alghazo, Khawlah M. AL-Tkhayneh, Dina Tahat
      Pages: 57 - 75
      Abstract: The study aimed to explore the impact of remote teaching on the motivation towards learning of special education students in a private university in the UAE. The researchers administered a 22-item questionnaire to 150 special education students and analyzed the data collected to determine the level of their motivation towards remote teaching. The results of the study revealed that the motivation of special education students towards remote teaching was moderate. The study also found that there was no significant difference in motivation levels based on gender, academic year, and job status. The findings of this study can be beneficial for designing and implementing teacher education programs that cater to the needs of special education students. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights into the effective use of remote teaching in special education. The implications of the study suggest that educators need to develop specific strategies to increase the motivation of special education students towards remote learning. For example, educators may consider the use of interactive and engaging teaching methods, such as gamification or multimedia tools, to increase student engagement and motivation. Finally, the study recommends further research to explore the impact of remote teaching on the academic performance of special education students. Further research can help to identify effective teaching strategies that can enhance student learning outcomes and contribute to the development of effective teacher training programs.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • THE CONTRIBUTION OF DELIBERATIONS TO THE ESTABLISHMENTOF LAW IN INDONESIA
           IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF POLITICAL LEGISLATION

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      Authors: Bambang Saputra, Atip Latipulhayat, Indra Perwira, Ali Abdurahman
      Pages: 76–8 - 76–8
      Abstract: The contribution of Islamic law in the formation of law in Indonesia is quite developed in line with the challenges of legal issues that are increasingly complex with the times. The establishment of good laws or legislation of a country will regulate, discipline and at the same time strengthen the rights of citizens. The politics of Islamic law is an effort by the government's policy towards the formulation of positivization of Islamic law as part of the law that lives in society (living law). The main requirement for the procedure for legal formation in Islamic legal politics is the fulfillment of the principle of openness through deliberation to bring benefits and benefits to a legal policy and government political policy. The implementation of m usyawarah describes leaders who are pro-active in extracting information from the community and the role of community in legal policy making. Therefore, the participation of the community through deliberation is very relevant in making the birth of legal products and laws and regulations better, measurable and on target, because deliberation serves as a means of socialization and a reservoir of community aspirations related to the issue of law formation and government political policy making.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • ANALYSIS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS' HAPPINESS IN RELIGIOUS AND GENERAL
           COLLEGES

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      Authors: Ismail, Muhammad Abrar Parinduri
      Pages: 88–1 - 88–1
      Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of describing and analyzing more deeply the orientation of happiness in students. The subjects of the study were 100 students from Islamic Religious Universities (PTAI) and Public Universities (PTU) in North Sumatra. . The research method used is quantiative research. The research data was obtained through the distribution of Google Form questionnaires and in-depth interviews with selected respondents aimed at getting a more in-depth description. The data collection carried out in this study was by means of documentation, interviews and observations. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are through data collection, data reduction, display or presentation of data and data verification to draw conclusions. The results of this study showed that the dominant happiness factor in PTAI students was religious and religiosity with respondents who chose this factor as much as 30%. Meanwhile, the dominant happiness factor in PTU students is faktor money with answer respondents who chose this factor as much as 32%. In behaviors that affect happiness, there are similarities, namely PTAI and PTU students dominantly choose a close and harmonious relationship is a behavior that can affect the happiness of their lives.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • MUSLIM SCHOLARS INTERPRETATION OF DISCOURSE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE VERSES:
           The Cases of Quraish Shihab, Yusuf Qaradawi, and Khaled Abou el-Fadl in
           Qur’ān 60: 8-9

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      Authors: M. Jamil, Muhammad Faisal Hamdani, Iman Jauhari, M. Jafar, Dahlan
      Pages: 106– - 106–
      Abstract: The discourse of religious tolerance is often overlooked by scholars rather than theoretical. Qur’ān 60: 8-9 is the attitude of the Qur’ān towards tolerance, which is being debated. The discussion revolves around interpreting the verse with its abrogated position (mansūkh), the history of the verses calling for jihād (war) against non-Muslims, and the modern context. The interpretations of these two verses were studied by three different Muslim scholars, from different countries, and with different scientific backgrounds, namely Quraish Shihab (Indonesia), Yusuf Qaradawi (Qatar), and Khaled Abou el-Fadl (United States). Some of the important points of their opinion on the verse are; First, Shihab interprets this verse as the basic principle of interfaith relations between Muslims and non-Muslims with God in human relations. Qaradawi places this verse as a manifestation of tolerance and wasaṭiyyah (moderate) attitude in Islamic law. Meanwhile, el-Fadl considers this verse to function as a counter to the verses of war (jihād) which have been misinterpreted by traditionalists in Islamic thought. Second, Qaradawi and el-Fadl reject the literal and ahistorical meaning of Qur’ān 60: 8-9 by people who, according to them, cannot see dynamic Islam with contemporary issues. Third, from the aspect of interfaith relations, Shihab and Qaradawi have the same voice in inter-religious relations.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • THE PHENOMENON OF HAJJ DEPARTURE CANCELLATION AMONG MANDAILING NATAL
           SOCIETY AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC: BETWEEN ALLAH’S CALL AND HUMANITY’S
           CALL

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      Authors: Sumper Mulia Harahap, Dedisyah Putra, Juni Wati Sri Rizki, Asrul Hamid, Rahmat Linur, Raja Ritonga
      Pages: 130– - 130–
      Abstract: Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam which is obligatory to accomplish for those who are capable in terms of physic, economy, and health. The number of Indonesian hajj pilgrims as the world’s most Muslim populous country elevates continuously year by year. The Government of Saudi Arabia cooperates with all Muslim populated countries to make regulations and understandings regarding the quota arrangement on the number of hajj and umrah pilgrims that are allowed to visit the two holy lands every year. In consequence, those regulations and understandings influence the waiting list for the hajj pilgrimage much longer, notably in these past two years amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. In response to that condition, the Indonesian government has decided to cancel all hajj departures for life safety. It is unavoidable that some hajj pilgrims may feel disadvantaged by governments’ decision about the cancellation of hajj departure due to covid-19 pandemic situation. This study applies a qualitative descriptive method that aims to discover and provide constructive input regarding the regulations of the hajj pilgrimage during the pandemic and its position viewed through maqashid al-Syariah (the objective of Islamic law). The result of this study reveals that the Indonesian government has certainly considered all aspects to decide on the cancellation of the hajj departures during these two consecutive years. The main purpose of hajj departure cancellation by the Indonesian government is crucially beneficial because saving lives and maintains human safety and it is following one of five main objectives of Islamic sharia implementation (ad-dharuriyat al-Khamsa). Moreover, the Indonesian government and the community, in this context the hajj pilgrims, should build a positive relationship and work together to disseminate the policy regarding the hajj cancellation so that it removes misunderstanding and pro contra response in the community.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Akad bay wafa as a land pawn practice in islamic economy: The Practice of
           lawn pawn in bay wafa contract

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      Authors: Sri Sudiarti, Wahyu Syarvina, Khairina Tambunan
      Pages: 148– - 148–
      Abstract: One of the muamalah fiqh contracts, bay al wafa, is still up for controversy among Muslim academics today. However, certain nations, including Indonesia, continue to use this agreement as a means of financing their economies, particularly in the agricultural sector. This study aims to determine the extent of bay al wafa practice in Indonesia. The research approach employed in this study was an in-depth interview. According to the study's findings, many Indonesians employ the idea of bay al wafa in conjunction with expressions like pagang pawn, selling pawns, and taxation to finance their everyday necessities using agricultural land as collateral. People utilize this agreement because it is more convenient and adaptable. Bay al Wafa is one of the contracts that this study suggests Islamic banks adopt to finance the agricultural industry since it is simple and adaptable.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • LEGAL PLURALISM: THE SOLUTION OF LABOR CONFLICTS IN MINING

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      Authors: Arifuddin Muda Harahap, Rahmad Efendi, Mar'ie Mahfudz Harahap
      Pages: 162– - 162–
      Abstract: Labor conflicts in mining, especially related to the empowerment of local workers (mining circles) still exist, settlement through legal channels still does not meet the sense of justice of the parties so that the legal pluralism approach is used in conflict resolution in order to achieve justice for each party. furthermore, the problem in this study is first, how labor conflicts in mining occur in the Mandailing Natal Regency and Bandung Regency today, and secondly how legal pluralism is a solution to labor conflicts in mining. This research is a qualitative research with a type of empirical legal research in the form of socio-legal research, which uses interview and observation data as primary data in the study. The conclusion of this study is first that the labor conflicts in mining that occur have not provided a satisfactory solution for each party so that substantive justice is not accommodated in its resolution. Second, the settlement using the legal pluralism approach in several conflicts studied shows that the legal pluralism approach provides the best conflict solution and provides substantive justice for each party.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • GORONTALO WOMEN’S BE’ATI (BAI’AT): The Perspective of History,
           Culture and Islamic Law

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      Authors: Sofyan A.P. Kau, Zulkarnain Suleman, Lahaji, Mujizatullah, Nazar Husain Hadi Pranata Wibawa
      Pages: 174– - 174–
      Abstract: This paper discusses the tradition of Bai’at (be'ati) or initiation for a teenage girl after the arrival of the first menstruation in the traditional culture of Gorontalo. Through field studies by interviews, observation and study of documents, this research shows that the procession of the initiation ritual ceremony (mome'ati) is conducted in six stages, including: molungudu (sauna bath with traditional herbs), momonto (putting a red mark on the forehead), momuhuto (bathing with traditional herbs), mopohuta'a to pingge (stepping on a plate), mome'ati (initiation ritual) and mohatamu (completing the recitation of the Qur’an). The six be'ati rituals are loaded with moral values as a living guidance for the teenage girl. In the perspective of Islamic law philosophy, molungudu and momuhuto are aligned with the principle of benefit as they emphasize physical health and personal hygiene. In the fiqh category, both are included in the discourse of thahârah (cleanliness). Meanwhile, momonto and mopohuta'a to pingge emphasize the identity of the Muslim personality and the attitude of being careful in treading the teenage life. Both are included in the category of Islamic morality, since they are loaded with moral messages. Whereas, mome'ati emphasizes the practice of the pillars of Faith, the pillars of Islam, and obedience to both parents. As for mohatamu, it emphasizes the love for the Holy Qur'an. All stages in the be'ati ritual show the acculturation of Islam with the local culture of Gorontalo. Even, the be'ati tradition is the implementation of Islamic teachings through culture and customs ('urf).
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • VARIANT PERSPECTIVES IN FORMING POLICY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE STATE
           CAPITAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

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      Authors: Yanhar Jamaluddin
      Pages: 201– - 201–
      Abstract: Determination of the national capital as a central issue in every country, including developing countries such as Indonesia. The debate regarding the determination of the new capital city has become a trend of public discussion in various regions in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the content and substance of the draft law regarding the establishment of a new capital city for the state of Indonesia. The method used in this paper uses descriptive analysis with qualitative research. Documentation study research is defined as a qualitative type to obtain answers in this paper. The data was obtained from the draft law regarding the capital city of Indonesia and the discussion discourse that developed in the mass media. The results obtained that the issue of determining the new state capital requires various scientific studies and the process of formulating a draft law that accommodates the involvement of Indonesian public participation.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF POLITICAL MARKETING AND WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION
           TOWARDS THE IMAGE OF THE MAYOR, TRUST, AND BEGINNING VOTERS’ JUDGEMENTS
           IN SELECTING A MAYOR IN INDONESIA

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      Authors: Tibrani, Edwin Agung Wibowo, Lukman Hakim
      Pages: 209– - 209–
      Abstract: Political parties experience a shift in perspective in the context of organizing political campaigns from the traditional era to a new era called political marketing. This study aims to measure the effect of political advertising and word of mouth on the image of regional heads, trust, and voters' decisions in selecting mayors. This research was conducted in Batam City, Riau Archipelago Province, Indonesia in 2021. The type of this research was survey research involving 389 12th-grade high school and vocational high school students as first-time voters. The technique of collecting data is a questionnaire technique, namely through the distribution of questionnaires. Data analysis in this study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, using Amos 24. The results of the study: 1) Political advertisements influence the image, beliefs, and decisions of first-time voters. 2) word of mouth has a significant effect on the image, and word of mouth has a significant effect on trust and novice voters' decisions. 3) The image of a candidate for regional head influences the trust, confidence, and decisions of first-time voters. 4) Trust in regional head candidates influences the decisions of first-time voters in Batam City, Riau Archipelago Province, Indonesia.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The French Minister Colbert and His Economic Policy and Reforms under the
           Reign of Louis XIV 1661-1683

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      Authors: Ali Ibraheem Al- Bashayreh
      Pages: 227– - 227–
      Abstract: This research aims to shed light with some brevity on the reign of Louis XIV (1661-1683) of France, a period that has brought famous reformers who helped and served Louis XIV and contributed in raising the state and managing its affairs in various fields with exceptional ability and intelligence. The hard work and intelligence of those famous reformers were reflected on the state systems. Louis XIV had given the mission of reform in France. Those reformers were headed by the French economic reformer, Colbert, who held the biggest burden of France's economic reforms. Therefore, the focus of the present paper will be on the most important reforms embodied in Colbert's reforms in that period and the extent of their influence on France.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Entrances of the Islamic Civilization and its Impact on the
           Renaissance of Europe: "Andalusia as a Model"

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      Authors: Ali Ibraheem Al- Bashayreh
      Pages: 248– - 248–
      Abstract: This Study aims at throwing light on Islamic Civilization in the country of Andalusia as one of the crossing roads of Islamic Civilization to Europe at the end of Middle Ages through which Europe took their sciences, knowledge and ingredients of their renaissance.
      Andalusia played an important role because of its location on the broods between the Islamic state and Europe and the wails who encouraged science and consider the scientists rights for about eight centuries in transmitting Islamic Civilization to the west. It carried the flashlight of thoughts and knowledge to eliminate the aback wardens in the west before the renaissance in Europe.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • BEN OKRI’S VISION OF POST-INDEPENDENCE: A NEO-COLONIAL READING OF
           DANGEROUS LOVE

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      Authors: Mohamed Fathi Helaly Khalaf
      Pages: 277– - 277–
      Abstract: The present study aims at examining the Neo-colonial aspect in Ben Okri’s Dangerous Love. It is a critique of Neo-colonialism as a form of the postcolonial theory that is concerned with perpetuating colonialism in Nigeria after independence. The main argument of the study is that, through presenting his vision of post-independence in Nigeria. Ben Okri wants to present his own vision of how to fight the different forms of colonialism after independence through portraying characters that are capable of presenting this gloomy vision. Of primary concern to this study is the way Okri sketches the Nigerian young people exemplified in the character of Omovo, the protagonist, and his friends. The study further examines the different types of the Nigerian people including the main characters and their reactions to the Neo-colonial practices and atrocities committed by the elite of the natives who represent the ex-colonial powers. Through a close textual analysis the study also investigates the different forms of disintegration resulting from Neo-colonialism as a form of perpetuating colonialism. Okri uses Omovo, as the first person narrator, to show his rejection of this disintegration as well as the degradation of life represented in the moral corruption of the ruling elite. In so doing, the author employs characterization as his tools in presenting the theme of his novel.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Challenges of Teaching English Language Online: Teachers Perspective

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      Authors: Ibtihal Murad Zangana, Omar Nesrallah
      Pages: 296– - 296–
      Abstract: Virtual online teaching was adopted at the Iraqi educational institutions: schools and universities when COVID-19 break out. It was the only alternative to revival the education sector after locking down schools and universities by the condition of the quarantine. The scenario of locking down schools and universities after the spread of COVID-19 pandemic pushed stakeholders and decision makers to switch the educational process to the online mode (Thi1 &Minh, 2021). This sudden shift arose many issues and challenges which was faced by both teachers as well as learners, soon questions about the validity and authenticity of the educational process and outcomes were raised. The current study seeks to uncover hidden issues and challenges which English language teachers at Diyala University encounter at this critical period 2019-2022. A semi-structured interview was utilized as the instrument of this small scale qualitative and descriptive study. The qualitative raw data obtained from the interview transcripts were thematically coded and analyzed. The finding were interpreted in two directions: first: failure of the new online teaching process in obtaining the desired educational outcomes outlined by the ministries of education and higher education due to several reasons: uncontrolled examination session which led to student cheating and resulted in unauthentic grading marks. In addition to internet connection issues which is added to the teachers burden and affect negatively EFL teaching process. Secondly: it was proven that online teaching can be beneficial in the sense that it can save time and effort if new strategies of assessment were adopted, intensive training courses for teachers as well as students were applied, in addition to providing good internet service for both student and teacher.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Disruption or interruption to Schools during Covid-19 in the United Arab
           Emirates: A Rapid Review of Impact and Mitigation Efforts

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      Authors: Hassan Tairab, Khaleel Alarabi, Suzan Al Abidi, Najeh Rajeh Alsalhi, Farah Alabedi
      Pages: 305– - 305–
      Abstract: This study explored the level of readiness of schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to use remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. To safeguard students and ensure the continuity of education, the UAE's education system implemented online learning to address extended school closures and sudden changes in normal school operations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, schools were forced to quickly adapt to online instruction despite its challenges during lockdowns and isolation. Furthermore, the study provided insight into the theoretical underpinnings of the UAE's massive implementation of distance learning in schools. Moreover, various distance learning programs were implemented by schools to facilitate students' and instructors' education across schools. The findings of this study may be used to strengthen educational systems and accelerate educational opportunities by providing evidence for better orienting and adapting policy responses in emergencies in the UAE.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Chambers of Commerce During the Reign of King Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
           (1975–1982)

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      Authors: Mariam khalaf sheedeed Alotaibi
      Pages: 319– - 319–
      Abstract: This study examines King Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud's economic policies (1975-1982) and their impact on the Saudi Chambers of Commerce. Moreover, chambers' services to relevant bodies, especially merchants, are evaluated. King Khalid's economic strategy was studied to establish its goals and impact on the private sector in the Kingdom. This monetary policy also affected the performance and expansion of these chambers and the "Council of Saudi Chambers." The study underlined chambers of commerce's critical roles in supporting Saudi Arabia's sustainable growth and boosting the economy. The study looked at chambers' communal responsibilities. King Khalid's methods to merge chambers of trade, industry collaboration, and exchange expertise and experiences were also evaluated. This strategy improved the Saudi economy and community. Based on the study's conclusions, several recommendations were made, including identifying the main pillars of the Saudi economy, supporting relevant research and chambers of commerce, and activating the role of chambers of commerce in aiding businessmen & investors.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Role of the Press in Monitoring the Development Stages of Saudi Cities
           (Onaizah in Um Al-Qura Newspaper as a Model 1343-1400-1982 AD)

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      Authors: Mariam khalaf sheedeed Alotaibi
      Pages: 342– - 342–
      Abstract: This study aimed to determine the function of the press in monitoring Saudi city development by evaluating the Um Al-Qura newspaper's coverage of Onaizah and the country's development programs. The study used the historical technique based on analysis and deduction by categorizing what was written about Onaizah in the daily Um Al-Qura. The study found that um Al-Qura covered Saudi Arabia's renaissance. Um Al-Qura newspaper's coverage of Onaizah's development revival is broad, which can be used to trace its beginnings (health - educational - service). The study found that the Saudi government is interested in sustainable urban development and tracking its progress. According to the report, Um Al-Qura is vital for analyzing Saudi Arabia's progress. Based on the preliminary study's findings, several recommendations were made, including using Saudi newspapers as a primary source for understanding the beginnings of the renaissance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and directing researchers, especially graduate students, to the methods for studying such topics. This effort aims to promote awareness of Saudi newspapers' relevance and encourage authorities to preserve them for researchers. It also stressed the significance of maintaining and developing the country's contributions to the development of Saudi cities for present and future generations.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • TREADING THE UNKNOWN AND DEFYING THE IMPOSSIBLE: A PHYLOSOPHICAL READING
           OF NADINE GORDIMER’S THE PICKUP

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      Authors: Mohamed F. Helaly
      Pages: 357– - 357–
      Abstract: The present study examines the existential approach adopted by Nadine Gordimer in portraying the main character in The Pickup. The study seeks to pinpoint that aspect of Nadine Gordimer's writing that is concerned with man's existence and being. It provides an in-depth textual analysis of the novel in question to explore the conflict between society and the individual. Here, the existential approach will be examined in terms of Gordimer's skill to weave the protagonist's prevailing social and cultural circumstances in two different communities in her attempt to come to term with the free choices she makes. The study also aims to go deep into the existential approach adopted by the writer to examine the protagonist’s ability to make existentially free choices and demonstrate full responsibility for the consequences of such decisions. The study seeks to highlight how Julie Summers and Abdu –the two main characters- are portrayed as existential figures through investigating their concepts of self and the different perspective from which each of them looks upon the surrounding community, its values, and social norms.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Attitudes of the Diyala Government audience towards the misleading news of
           the formation of the Iraqi government for 2022

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      Authors: Fatima Mahmoud Hama
      Pages: 374– - 374–
      Abstract: This study aims to find out “the attitudes of the Diyala government towards the misleading media of the formation the Iraqi government". Also, disinformation in the midst of the growing contemporary political bets is one of the contemporary media practices, based on lying, misinformation, deception and manipulation of facts. Through these bases, these facts are fabricated and alternative facts are presented to the existing reality and published in systematic forms in the public domain until they turn over time into a real tangible reality.
      The researcher expanded, by drawing a sample using a sample, the snowball, which is one of the 400 non-probable samples to identify the attitudes of the Diyala governorate public towards the misleading media to form the Iraqi government. The study questionnaire was prepared from theoretical literature and previous studies, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by apparent honesty. Also, the stability of the scale was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha equation. The study found that the reasons for the spread of misleading news about the formation of the government are the lack of public confidence in the government, due to the poor conditions within society, and the wrong understanding of information and lack of knowledge of it.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Personalized Education Path for Students; a Conceptual Basis for a
           Digitalized Education Environment

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      Authors: Miguel Ángel Medina Romero, Giovanna Jackeline Serna Silva, Oscar Eduardo Pongo Aguila, Patricia Jannett Velasco Valderas, Jorge Jinchuña Huallpa, Luís Enrique Fernandez Sosa, Dani Oved Ochoa Cervantez, Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes, Juan Carlos Orosco Gavilán, José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
      Pages: 394– - 394–
      Abstract: Learners come from different places and have other skills, abilities, and preferences when it comes to processing information, making sense of it, and using it in real life. Recently, Schools have continued to promote and pay for personalized learning on a large scale. Many learning institutions were closed for a long time, and the management opted for online learning. The main aim of this paper is to analyzes the personalized education path by discussing the right concepts and practices for students. To do this, the article focuses strictly on the digitalized education environment by examining the current trends and procedures leading to personalized education using the appropriate tools and techniques. The results have shown that students can integrate their learning using a digitally and technologically capable environment through a personalized education path. A personalized educational approach aids in preparing the future for the students through encouraging knowledge building.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Philosophy of Greek Myth from a Historical Perspective (1300-1100 BC)

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      Authors: Munirah Ali Saleh Alaqeel
      Pages: 416– - 416–
      Abstract: This research intends to provide an academic viewpoint on the value of studying "Greek Mythology" in a historical context by tracing its roots as a primary philosophy. Myths are complex because they contain historical information. The study subject focuses on the success of the Greek epics poet "Homer," who mixed mythology with history in a philosophical and literary framework. Both epics incorporated rhetorical visuals, graphic arts, supernatural, and philosophical elements. The research relies on a historical, descriptive technique, examining important documents, books, papers, and research. According to the study, the Iliad and the Odyssey reveal the influence of myth on Greek thinking and ideology. The Iliad reveals "Trojan War" mysteries and facts. Homer's descriptions of events and episodes are consistent with those of Greek historians, especially Thucydides. The research made several important recommendations, including the need to include in university curricula topics on the philosophy of history that provides for eastern and western mythological symbols because of their importance as part of the cultural heritage of peoples that must be revived in all countries, and the need to hold seminars and scientific conferences to shed light on the importance of the symbols.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Bayesian group bridge composite quantile regression

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      Authors: Mayyadah Aljasimee, Rahim Alhamzawi
      Pages: 433– - 433–
      Abstract: Bayesian regularized composite quantile regression (CQR) method with group bridge penalty is adopted to conduct covariate selection and estimation in CQR. MCMC algorithm was improved for posterior inference employing a scale mixture of normal of the asymmetric Laplace distribution (ALD). The suggested algorithm uses priors for the coefficients of regression, which are scale mixtures of multivariate uniform distributions with a particular Gamma distribution as a mixing distribution. Simulation results and analyses of real data show that the suggested MCMC sampler has excellent mixing feature and outperforms the current approaches in terms of prediction accuracy and model selection.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Non-Belonging as a Psycho-Social Dilemma in Diana Evans' 26a

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      Authors: Lamia’a Ahmed Rasheed, Noor Abdullah Khalaf
      Pages: 445– - 445–
      Abstract: Diana Evans is a writer from mixed origins. Her multiracial family has provided her with the basic framework to write 26a. This research tackles issues of non-belonging and sense of restoration in the novel, which the characters feel after being dislocated and pushed to live in different locations or with different people. The notions of belongingness and diaspora have received considerable attention from literary and social scholars as different diasporic writers start to bring out their experiences and articulate their worldviews. The issues of cultural diversity, belonging and diaspora are found in Evans’ novel 26a. In this novel, the sense of home and feeling of belonging overwhelm the narrative as protagonists start to mix with more than one culture. According to their various origins. This study sheds light on the cultural diversity of the novel 26a and its impact on the identity and sense of belonging of the characters.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Climate Change in Jennifer Mills Dyschronia: An Eco-Social Critical Study

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      Authors: Lamia’a Ahmed Rasheed, Tabarek Layth Abdullah
      Pages: 458– - 458–
      Abstract: In the recent decades, the influence of the oblivious human actions has resulted in an environmental devastation and critical problems affecting both nature and human being existence. Climate changes entail a change in temperature and weather conditions, and these changes can lead to serious crisis such severe fires, droughts, rising sea levels, water scarcity, melting polar ice, floods, catastrophic storms, and declining biodiversity. The current paper tries to highlight the impact of capitalism and its practices upon the environment and how the economy plays an important role in depleting resource and destroying the whole environment. The study investigates Jennifer Mills Dyschronia to highlight the effect of climate change upon human lives through adapting ecosocialism theory. The study comes up that capitalist ideology, which seeks to achieve the ultimate gains, results in depleting the resources of the nations and thus creating deserted environments. The depletion of resources leads to displacing people from their environment.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Using digital tools by public relations practitioners in light of the
           unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)

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      Authors: Manal Hilal Al-Mazahra
      Pages: 470– - 470–
      Abstract: The article aims to explore the attitudes of public relations practitioners in Jordanian telecommunications and smartphone companies in using tools, and the factors affecting their acceptance of employing them to communicate and interact with the public in the light of the unified theory of technology acceptance and use. The descriptive approach was adopted, and the questionnaire was distributed to (86) public relations practitioners in these companies to collect data. The study concluded; the diversity of digital tools that public relations practitioners employ in their communication with their internal and external audiences, where both e-mail and smartphone came from the most important digital tools used in communicating with the internal audience, while social networks and the smartphone came as the most used digital tools with the external audience. It also showed that the most important goals achieved because of employing these tools is measuring public satisfaction with the company's services, building relationships with customers, and identifying feedback. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between the factors affecting the acceptance of public relations practitioners (perceived benefit, ease of use, and available facilities) and the demographic variables of the sample.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • VALIDITY OF STANDARD CLAUSES IN PRODUCT DETAILS ADVERTISED ON E-COMMERCE
           PLATFORMS IN INDONESIA

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      Authors: Makmur Pakpahan, Jamal Wiwoho, IGK Ayu Ketut Rachmi, Slamet Subiyantoro, Pujiyono Suwadi, Luhung Legowo
      Pages: 495– - 495–
      Abstract: The existence of standard clauses contained in various types of agreements until now has always been a controversy over the validity of a contract or agreement. The Civil Code does not specifically regulate the standard clauses contained in the preparation of an agreement. This research is normative by using primary and secondary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials that the author uses in this study uses a literature study technique. The legal material analysis technique uses the deductive syllogism method. The results of the study indicate that as long as the agreement is made by the parties bound in the agreement, even though it contains standard clauses in it as long as it does not violate the applicable legal rules, the agreement remains valid and becomes law for those who make it. The best possible agreement is prepared by taking into account the principles of agreement formation such as the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of consensualism, the principle of pacta sunt servanda, the principle of good faith, and the principle of personality. Making an agreement that does not comply with subjective conditions can apply for cancellation of the agreement through the court and if it does not meet the objective requirements, then the agreement is null and void or deemed to have never existed.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • ADIWIYATA GREEN SCHOOL PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS: A PORTRAIT FROM
           THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA

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      Authors: Suci Megawati, Yusriadi Yusriadi, Tjitjik Rahaju, Badrudin Kurniawan, Muhamad Arif Mahdiannur, Melda Fadiyah Hidayat
      Pages: 508 - 531
      Abstract: The direction of sustainable development (SDGs) in Indonesia is one of the pillars of environmental action. Green environmental development emphasizes environmental insight and minimizes damage and negative impacts on the environment. Attention to the environment is a shared responsibility for the next generation, so it is vital to shape the character of caring for the environment from an early age. One way is through the adiwiyata school program, a program from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in collaboration with local governments. Building pro-environment character and behavior is certainly not an easy thing. It needs support and innovative studies to support its implementation and sustainability, so this study's main objective is to examine the implementation model of the adiwiyata program more deeply. We collected data through literature studies, semi-structured interviews, and surveys involving schools and several informants from the government offices related to the adiwiyata program. The obtained data were reduced and analyzed using triangulation techniques. From the data obtained, the analysis of the performance of the adiwiyata program is based on the content of the policy and the context of implementation. The results showed that the policy’s content and the context of the implementation of the adiwiyata program had been going well. The follow-up of this study is to improve the performance of the adiwiyata program properly and provide a reward and punishment system to the implementors involved.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • INDEPENDENCE OF THE PROSECUTOR IN CONDUCTING PROSECUTIONS VIEWED FROM THE
           UNITED COMMAND PRINCIPLE

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      Authors: Rudi Pradisetia Sudirdja, Topo Santoso, Febby Mutiara Nelson
      Pages: 532– - 532–
      Abstract: The independence of the prosecution is a universal principle within the framework of realizing a just and impartial criminal justice system. The European Status of Justice states that the government should establish measures to guarantee the independence of the prosecutorial power. Prosecutors are required to submit to legal authority and not to political power. Therefore, this study aims to examine the practice of making prosecution decisions in the Indonesian Prosecutor’s Office. The qualitative study method was adopted with normative law, and data were collected through document study and interviews with Attorney officials. The results showed that the new prosecution independence arrangements aim to protect the Attorney General’s institution from the influence or intervention of other powers. However, prosecutors did not yet have individual independence in their status as judicial officials (magistrates). This is in contrast to the practice in European countries, such as the Netherlands, which guarantee institutional and individual independence. Due to the influence of the military in the Indonesian Attorney General’s office and a translation error, "een en ondeelbaar", which should be a legal standing, was mistranslated into the principle of command unity. Therefore, in making decisions/actions, prosecutors should report and seek approval from their superiors.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Characteristics of satellite TV compared to other media - Theoretical
           study

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      Authors: Abdulla Hussein Hasan
      Pages: 549– - 549–
      Abstract: Societies resort to satellite channels to preserve their identity and civilization, especially with the increasing spread and their ability to influence the lives of societies and formulate people's knowledge and opinions, with their dominance and power, they not only provide information and convince people, but also enter into determining their priorities for the issues at hand.
      Satellite television transmission originated from a satellite transmitter orbiting in concert with the Earth, covering a large area of its surface, thus moving the television service from the domestic to the international sphere.
      The idea of satellite television broadcasting began several months after the end of World War II, to home televisions without the intervention of ground stations at all with an article from the science fiction of the British scientist Arthur Clarke published in the magazine Wireless World in October (1945), as he proposed in his article the launch of a satellite orbiting the Earth that can transmit signals from anywhere in the Earth at an altitude of (36) thousand kilometers above the equator.
      There is a major role for media satellite channels through the directed media discourse, and the extent of its impact on the recipient, through the independence of media messages in various circumstances and the process of moral mobilization of the masses and armies in peace and war is one of the important factors to resist rumors and close ranks, protect states, protect the home front, especially national unity, and combat the problems faced by the people from inside or outside, and perhaps Arab satellite channels are invited to play a prominent media role in this area, morale is a prerequisite for the success of any people and the success of any army and the steadfastness of any state or nation. Therefore, we will address a group of topics, including:
      First - What is the concept of satellite channels linguistically and idiomatically'
      Second: The emergence and development of satellite channels.
      Third - Types of satellite channels.
      Fifth: Communication characteristics of satellite channels. Sixth: The audience of satellite channels.
      One of the most important conclusions reached by the researcher is: that satellite television is at the forefront of the media that watch for the purpose of following up political materials and the existence of a relationship between the motives of exposure to watch satellite channels and the issues that depend on them when following those channels. The most important recommendations: the need to identify the characteristics of the target audience of satellite channels and their motives, to include knowledge of gender, age and social and economic level, which helps in the delivery of the media message correctly. And developing the ideas of programs that are presented in satellite channels, especially in the political field, in line with local and global changes.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • NEWS CONSTRUCTION STUDY OF TERRORISM CASES IN THE MASS MEDIA OF CENTRAL
           SULAWESI

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      Authors: Marlinda Irwanti, Muhammad Khairil, Raisa Alatas, Dyah Fitria Kartika Sari
      Pages: 562– - 562–
      Abstract: This study discussed the news construction of terrorism cases in the mass media of Central Sulawesi. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study method. This study aims to understand the news construction of terrorism cases in the mass media of Central Sulawesi. The results stated that information sources regarding terrorism cases were limited to authorities and involved parties due to the nature of the high-risk operations combined with the geographical and emotional proximity and the presence of two dominant beliefs of Islam and Christianity with conflict history in Poso and Sigi. The limitation of the sources was also due to the nature of terrorism cases which are sensitive to the nation’s unity. Thus, journalists positioning and news development of the mass media of Central Sulawesi are crucial to construct the news of terrorism cases without spreading additional fear and fight radicalism with deradicalization programs through news and message stimuli.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Political media and its Role in Activating Political Reform - Theoretical
           Study

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      Authors: Abdulla Hussein Hasan
      Pages: 575– - 575–
      Abstract: In light of the great changes that the world is witnessing today, especially at the political level, it is clear that the media has a very important impact on the course of events, the research aims to identify the political media, as well as to identify the names of political programs provided by satellite channels, and revealing the topics that the political programs focused on through the political goals set for them.
      The researcher dealt with the problem of research in the questions raised by the researcher, namely: What is the position of the political function of the political media in directing mass communication in modern societies in general and Iraqi society in particular' How does the political media do that' While the importance of the research sheds light on the media as the most influential, widespread and rapid in the modern era in influencing the masses politically, they are superior to other mass communication means, by producing the elements of meaningful and successful media work.
      The most important conclusions reached by the researcher said that the level of influence of political media lies in the motives of exposure to watch Iraqi satellite channels, and the level of the most important issues addressed by the political media in the Iraqi satellite channels was influential. The most important recommendations are the need for political media to build bridges of trust with the viewer, respect his mind, and work to restore his interest in Iraqi television, as well as develop media strategies that allow the production of the elements of meaningful and successful media work.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Developing the positive performance of satellite channels by improving
           product presentation processes in their television programmes

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      Authors: Abdulla Hussein Hasan
      Pages: 592– - 592–
      Abstract: In the age of communications that we live in, many technological developments have taken place in the field of broadcasting, as in every field. With these developments, broadcast quality has increased and the number of TV channels has increased, with the digital method of programming in particular, the fact that the audience can watch the broadcast they want at any time has resulted in the ad generation going by without watching it, and as a result, reaching and keeping consumers more difficult. to the content of the message. In light of all these developments, brands have sought to convey their messages by reaching consumers through alternative channels other than traditional advertising channels in their media strategies (Chalaby, J. K. (2016)). As a result of these searches, applications that we call product placement, which can be defined as “the integration of branded products with communication media such as series, TV shows, music videos, video games, computer games, and especially movies”, have become such the practices are "alternatives to traditional forms of marketing communications that are becoming more expensive and less efficient in reaching target audiences."
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Study on the Integration of Guitar in the Music Courses of Basic Education
           under the New Curriculum

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      Authors: Guanyu Chen, Shangwen Wang, Guanyu Chen
      Pages: 604– - 604–
      Abstract: This paper combined with the status of the music courses for basic education in our country and the suitability of students, and took a full account of life reality, social reality, personality development of students, innovative spirit and practical ability of students, and the appropriateness of the students' cognitive development. The form of basic music courses was attempted to integrate and innovate so that guitar can be introduced to music classroom in basic education. For realizing the wish of guitar in a multi-element, experiential, situational and self-selective way, the teaching exploration and research has lasted for four years, in which guitar is being more important in promoting diversified integration, continuous innovation and developing the basic music education. Thus, students' musical literacy with the idea of “people-oriented” is comprehensively improved at some point.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS TOWARDS ENGLISH TEXTBOOK USED
           BY STUDENTS AT SCHOOL

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      Authors: Herman, Shaumiwaty, Magdalena Ngongo, Endang Fatmawati, Nanda Saputra
      Pages: 613– - 613–
      Abstract: Communication in learning can be assisted by the use of teaching materials, one of which is the use of a multimodal approach. This is in line with the multimodal principle which can streamline communication, so that the meaning conveyed will be more easily understood due to the use of various modals to support the existing meaning. Based on this, a study was conducted with the aim of knowing multimodality in an English book teaching material for elementary schools. Multimodality in teaching materials is considered important to analyze because it can affect the learning process. The research design conducted by researchers is a qualitative approach. The source of the data in this study was elementary school English textbooks. The instrument used is a multimodal indicator through linguistic metafunctions and the use of intersemiosis meaning. The data collection technique that the researchers used was a documentation study with a content analysis methodology. The results of the study show the findings of multimodal indicators through linguistic metafunctions and intersemiosis. From linguistic metafunction, it shows linguistic, visual, gesture, and spatial modality as much as 23.73% and for audio mode as much as 5.08%. from the results of intersemiosis found ideational 29.73%, interpersonal 37.84%, and textual 33.43%. These results indicate the conclusion that elementary school students' English books cannot yet be called multimodal teaching materials. The implications of this research are as a reference for teachers to develop media teaching materials, as a reference for updating student books, and to add to the repertoire of multimodal studies in Indonesia.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • ISLAMIC BUREAUCRACY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PHILOSOPHY

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      Authors: Alfian, Endang Larasati, Kismartini, Triyuningsih
      Pages: 625– - 625–
      Abstract: This article analyzes the bureaucracy and public administration with an Islamic values approach regarding norms, ethics, and mursalah as the spirit of the law. This paper can provide the color that Islam is constantly developing and can answer the challenges of modernity with the character of continuity and change. Islam still pays attention to the reality of society, so it gives birth to a humanist and authoritative formulation of Islamic law, not the authoritarianism of Islamic law. The method used for this study is a literature study. This study can be integrated with Maqhasid Syariah by exploring the philosophical values (the theory values) of norms and ethics related to bureaucracy and public administration in Islamic law. Several theories recognize that Islamic matters such as performance, ethics, and accountability influence public administration. Deviating from Islamic principles and following a secular path will fail in Muslim societies, and social reforms require returning to Islam. This discussion will appreciate diversity, and even in the Islamic world, bureaucracy and public administration in the Islamic world consider the importance of religion, its values , and culture. In the end, the view of the legitimate form of bureaucracy and public administration in the Islamic world is of academic interest and global political importance.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Internalization of Nationalism Values as A Pattern of Communication in
           Balinese Hindus' Religiosity

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      Authors: I Wayan Wastawa
      Pages: 638– - 638–
      Abstract: The aim of the present analysis of the internalization of nationalism values as a pattern of communication in Balinese Hindus' religiosity is to identify the understanding and appreciation of Balinese Hindus towards Nationalism through state symbols in their religious practices a medium of worship to God Almighty. The data for this study were obtained through observation, interviews, and literature study using primary data sources from 15 informants as well as secondary data sources. The approach herein focuses on the communication paradigm by interpreting the meaning of the phenomenon of society using symbols. The Symbolic Interaction Theory, the Theory of Religion, and the Theory of Symbiosis Mutualism as the analysis tools. Data analysis concluded that Hindus in Bali highly uphold the values of Nationalism through transcendental communication and religious communication with various religious attitudes and state symbols as a medium of worship to God, who has blessed their struggle to achieve independence. For this reason, Hinduism and the State formed a symbiosis mutualism because they complement and reinforce religious values, human values, unity, consensus deliberation, and values of social justice.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Design a module integrating problem based learning with fluid intelligence
           and evaluating its impact on the understanding of mechanical energy and
           machines

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      Authors: Fadel Ali Abdallah Obeidat, Salmiza Saleh
      Pages: 655– - 655–
      Abstract: A module was designed and developed that integrates the steps of Problem-based learning ( PBL) and fluid intelligence skills (PBL-FI Module), then evaluated its impact on the conceptual understanding (CU) of mechanical energy and machines (MEM) for 6th graders in Jordan. The module was developed using the ADDIE instructional design model, which included five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Ten experts verified reliability, content validity, and educational usability.
      To evaluate the effect of the PBL-FI Module on conceptual understanding, as defined by Wiggins & Mctighe (2002), an inequivalent group quasi-experiment was designed and used, in which the sample was divided into two groups: experimental, which consisted of 47 students that were taught using the PBL-FI module; and the control group, which consists of 48 students that were taught using the traditional method. A pre-and post-test was applied to measure the understanding of MEM in each of the two study groups.
      One-way ANCOVA analysis was performed to compare the two groups, and the results showed the superiority of the PBL-FI module compared to the traditional method in enhancing CU of MEM.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Reviewing the Colonial Period Islamic Education System in Indonesia: What
           is Still Relevant to Continue

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      Authors: Hery Noer Aly, Shodiq Abdullah, M Rikza Chamami, Fihris, Kasim Yahiji, Supiah, Mujahid Damopolii, Nur Ainiyah, Aulia Rahma Ritonga
      Pages: 671– - 671–
      Abstract: The presence of Islam religion in Indonesia follows a very diverse and dynamic pattern considering the styles and the changes during the period of Dutch and Japanese colonization, the post-independence and post reform periods. The present study reviews the Islamic education system in Indonesia during the colonial period in terms of relevancy and continuity. A thorough literature review on the the Islamic education system during the Dutch and Japanese colonial times was performed and the collected data was analyzed and processed. The study followed a phenomenological approach that involves an in-depth analysis and evaluation data coordination The presence of Islam religion in Indonesia follows a very diverse and dynamic pattern considering the styles and the changes during the period of Dutch and Japanese colonization, the post-independence and post reform periods. The present study reviews the Islamic education system in Indonesia during the colonial period in terms of relevancy and continuity. A thorough literature review on the the Islamic education system during the Dutch and Japanese colonial times was performed and the collected data was analyzed and processed. The study followed a phenomenological approach that involves an in-depth analysis and evaluation data coordination
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • A Study on the Expression of Three Colors - Black, Red, and Yellow and
           Related Aesthetic Ideas of the Yi People

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      Authors: Huanyu Lu, Sumarni binti Ismail, Khirul Aidil Azlin bin Abd. Rahman
      Pages: 688– - 688–
      Abstract: China is steeped in a long history and splendid culture, where minority cultures add brilliance to traditional Chinese culture like bright pearls. For example, the culture of the Yi people showcases the richness of Chinese minority cultures, and at the same time, it is of special significance to traditional culture. From the perspective of the three-color culture (referring to black, red, and yellow) peculiar to the Yi people, this paper will analyze the features of the three-color culture and the colors, and study the unique aesthetic ideas of the three-color culture in the long history to demonstrate the Yi people’s color-favored customs and connotations of traditional culture.
      This paper consists of two important parts. First, it describes the traditional color culture of the Yi people and the features of these colors. The Yi people have a long history of the reverence for colors and a deep cultural heritage, which is a product of cultural accumulation. The Yi people have their unique understanding of colors, which comes from their life and nature. The reverence for and the worship of black, red, and yellow also has a long history and reasons. The features of these three colors unique to the Yi people reflect the culture of the Yi people and their emotions, embodying the unique color culture of the Yi people. Second, it studies the aesthetic ideas of the color culture of the Yi people, which is the focus of this paper. It analyzes and studies the aesthetic principles, styles, and ideas of the color culture of the Yi people deeply through centering on their costumes, lacquerware, and unique dance poems. With unique styles, the costumes of the Yi people are varied in colors, mainly using black, red, and yellow. Such use of colors creates a stark contrast, highlighting the characteristics of the Yi ethnic group’s costumes and its ethnic features. The lacquerware of the Yi people is an expression of their unique aesthetic understanding of the use of three colors and the area of colors used. The color rhythms demonstrated with the help of a symmetric and harmonious application of colors is an important feature of the Yi ethnic group’s lacquerware. The dance poem is a unique way to display the three-color culture of the Yi ethnic group. The black, red, and yellow are interpreted through three chapters by using the simplest colors to match the dance, creating a stark contrast that not only demonstrates the unique color culture of the Yi people, but also highlights the characteristics of the Yi people and their aesthetic ideas. Therefore, the research on the Yi ethnic group’s color culture starts from three colors including black, red, and yellow, and explores the history of the culture as well as the characteristics of the Yi people, aiming to help people deepen their understanding of the color culture and the color-favored psychology of the Yi nationality, and the unique aesthetic ideas of this group. And this can further help us identify the special value of the Yi ethnic group’s color culture and promote the spreading of the color culture of ethnic minorities.
      In the context of the times, the colors used by ethnic minorities all demonstrate their own ethnic characteristics, and it relates to people’s life and emotions, and nature. Therefore, it can be said that the choice of colors not only reflects one’s aesthetic appreciation but also embodies the desire for life and a recognized culture.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Content of Media Message and Digital Media – Al-Jazeera Media
           Network as a Model

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      Authors: Maazzah Mustafa, Muhammad Noor Al Adwan
      Pages: 704– - 704–
      Abstract: This study aimed to identify the relationship between digital media and the content of the media message and identify the effects of digital media on the content of the media message. The research problem lies in identifying the consequences of digital media on the media message. After defining the problem, several questions were raised, the most important of which are: What are the foundations of acquaintance between civilizations and the challenges that limit them' And what is the impact of digital media on the acquaintance between civilizations' The study followed the descriptive analytical approach using a sample of digital media experts. The sampling consisted of 90 experts and specialists in media in Sudan and Al-Jazeera News Network. The study revealed several findings; the most important of which is the effect of digital media on the content of the media message. The newsletter was the most important message envisaged by the digital media as mentioned by the participants, followed by research and studies, whereas building private relationships was the least expected message from digital media. Consequently, the study recommended that the user of social media should raise the level of morality, especially in communicating with those who differ from him/her ethnically and religiously, and realize that diversity is the truth, so he/she must focus on introducing his/her idea away from refuting the ideas of others.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on Media Industries: A
           Prospective Study

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      Authors: Muhammad Noor Al Adwan, Mai Abd Algane Mahmoud, Rania Abdallah, Reneh Abokhoza, Sawsan Taha
      Pages: 721– - 721–
      Abstract: Much development has been so far observed in the role of artificial intelligence applications in media. We in this research made an attempt to predict the future impact of these applications on media. To this end, interviews were conducted with several university professors, asking them about their opinions in this regard. We asked them several questions (e.g. How can we describe artificial intelligence applications in media' Are they a new form of media with old technology, a new form of media with new technology, or a new form of media with old technology'). We reached several results, the most important are that transformations will occur to artificial intelligence applications in the future. Recommendations have also been discussed.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Impact of Social Media on E-Learning Behaviors among University
           Students

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      Authors: Muhammad Noor Al Adwan, Mohamed Chettah
      Pages: 735– - 735–
      Abstract: This study aims to examine the relationships between the dimensions of Social Media and E-Learning Behaviors (SMELB) in education of Al Ain University Students in United Arab Emirates. A sample of 494 students completed a survey conducted at Al Ain University. The study adopts some methodologies such as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to examine the reliability and validity of the measurement, and the structural equation modeling techniques (Amos 20.0) to evaluate the casual model. The findings of the study demonstrate the strong predictive power and explain of students’ Behaviors. They highlighted that the relationship between easy communication, improving confidence, lecture sharing, and increasing knowledge have a significant positive and direct impact on E-learning Behaviors (H1, H3, H4, and H5). While, reducing stress has insignificant positive and direct impact on E-learning Behaviors (H2).
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Perception of Acehnese on Hadih Maja in the Formation of Children’s
           Character Values in Aceh

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      Authors: Nanda Saputra, Sarwiji Suwandi, Budhi Setiawan
      Pages: 749– - 749–
      Abstract: The process of character building which emphasizes the use of the expression hadih maja is intended to instill in the younger generation the ability to master the Indatu language which is currently being lost with time and even today it is still declining. As a result, we want to find out how the Acehnese people perceive hadih maja in the character building process for children throughout the city of Banda Aceh. To obtain findings, researchers used a qualitative approach that is descriptive. From the author's presentation of these findings, it can be seen that the people of Aceh have not lived up to the researchers' expectations, on average the community has never disclosed Hadih Maja in coaching. In the process of forming student character, unfortunately, many people don't even recognize Hadih Maja. then on this basis it must be learned by the community, especially parents so that this language really does not disappear with time.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Sufi influence in the Iraqi novel, the Lamia, is a model

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      Authors: Hajir Mahmoud Ali
      Pages: 764– - 764–
      Abstract: In our research, we seek to shed a light on one of the most important and sensitive issues, namely, the Sufi influence in the Iraqi novel through the lame maqam of the novelist Jumaa Al-Lami, the Sufi discourse contains many semantic paradoxes between the text's apparent pronunciation and its interpretation of the format and the context that produced these patterns, and incited them, which concludes different results from the prevailing provisions and fixed ideas from the narrative text.
      The Arabic and Iraqi novel in particular became inspired by the power of Sufi discourse by talking about several Sufi figures by referring to it openly, or implicitly inspired by unauthorized concealment, in employing some of the ideas, or summoning their Sufi sayings, which he embodied (Jumaa Al-Lami) in his illiteracy.
      How did Iraq's political situation of wars, killings and systematic sabotage play a role in shaping narrative discourse'
      To what extent has Jumaa Al-Lami been able to portray the Iraqi reality with all the social, political and economic transformations it brings'
      What mechanisms reflected the face of the opposite in Lamia (Jumaa Al-Lami) and how did he succeed in trying to summon Iraqi heritage figures to bring them down on the events in his narrative speech'
      So we will try with some sort of dissociative analytical studies to find out about those great cultural patterns that were portrayed by the Lami Jumaa Al-Lami and how Jumaa Al-Lami carried out the Sufi cultural heritage and took these symbolic heritage images and revived them to save Iraq from what it is in.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Consumerism (A literature Review)

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      Authors: Fadhil Shaker Al-Saaedy
      Pages: 778– - 778–
      Abstract: This research highlighted the importance of Consumer psychology to marketers through shading the light on the literature review, as Consumer psychologists look into how the decision-making process, social persuasion, and motivation all play a role in why people buy certain goods and not others. The organization’s survival in the market is linked to studying all the influences surrounding the consumer; as the consumer is the one who directs the marketing activities of the organization.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Reflection of the transformational leadership style in employees'
           psychological well-being and the mediating role of job satisfaction A
           field study in a Number of Iraqi Privet Bankes

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      Authors: Fadhil shaker alsaeedy
      Pages: 813– - 813–
      Abstract: Business organizations are now facing significant challenges as a result of the rapid changes taking place in their environment, and they need flexible dynamic management capable of meeting challenges, and a type of individual with the technical ability to manage the administrative system to be able to carry out their duties with intelligence, knowledge, adequacy and sincerity (Strukan et al., 2017) . In the face of these challenges, traditional leadership management, in its methods and patterns, has been unable to make the Organization competitive and achieve the desired level of performance, which today requires organizations to use dynamic and flexible methods so that they can live up to developments in reality. It was necessary for them to create a new leadership style that would ensure that they constantly improve their performance and keep up with all the changes that are taking place and even be the pioneers in this kind of change, These goals have shown several types of leadership (aldahhan,2016).
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Reading in the short story collection "Do not sing for butterflies": An
           analytical study By Rami Abdullah Al-Junaidi

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      Authors: Eman Mohamed Ahmad Rabi, Arwa Mohamed Ahmad Rabi, Amani Mohamed Ahmad Rabi
      Pages: 834– - 834–
      Abstract: This research deals with an analytical reading in the very short story collection (Do not sing to butterflies) by the Jordanian writer Rami Abdullah Al-Junaidi, who is one of the pioneers of the very short story in Jordan, has his own culture and creative language, in writing this type of story, and the art of the short story This group has become a special and important place in the Jordanian literary and monetary arena, due to its artistic and aesthetic features such as condensation, paradox, surprise, and revelation. Technical characteristics: (addressing, paradox). The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method to suit the nature of the research, in addition to using other methods as required by the context.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • RE-DEFINING THREAT TO NATIONAL DEFENCE: CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA-MALAYSIA
           BORDER DISPUTE IN WEST KALIMANTAN

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      Authors: Yusa Djuyandi, Lutfi Hamzah Husin, Mustabsyirotul Ummah, Muhammad Nurdi Iriansyah, Rahmah Ramadhani
      Pages: 851– - 851–
      Abstract: The country's border areas are not immune from threats to national defense, both traditionally and non-traditionally. One of the country's border areas is Entikong, which is located in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This area is directly adjacent to the State of Sarawak, East Malaysia. State border areas tend to be considered vulnerable to military threats such as territorial invasions. However, territorial defense can be threatened by non-traditional threats that can affect state sovereignty through the nationalism of its people. This study uses qualitative methods by analyzing primary and secondary data from field observations, interviews, and the results of focus group discussions with a number of informants who have been determined using a purposive technique. Non-traditional security problems in the Entikong area are people's economic problems, narcotics smuggling, foreign commodities, identity crises, and others that can affect state sovereignty and people's sense of nationalism. There are challenges in efforts to deal with non-traditional security issues, such as from the aspects of budget, technology, area size, to inter-agency coordination. Therefore, not only the military aspect, currently non-traditional threats need special attention. Seeing that the biggest threat is from the economic aspect, the improvements that can be made to prevent threats to state sovereignty are derived from the economic aspect and defense efforts by authorized state institutions. This requires coordination, commitment and support from the central/provincial/regional government, military and local civil society.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL TYPOLOGIES OF RIAU MALAY AND DELI
           LANGUAGES

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      Authors: Azhary Tambusai, Khairina Nasution, Herman
      Pages: 866– - 866–
      Abstract: This study aims to describe the study of morphological typologies of Riau Malay and Deli languages. The Riau Malay language emphasizes more on its use for harmonious social relations, courtesy, noble character among themselves. Deli Malay is geographically located in Sumatra, to be precise in North Sumatra and is included in parts of the Sumatran language group which in its development are still used in daily communication. In this study a descriptive approach was used because it was in accordance with the research objectives, namely to describe form, meaning, and function in affixation, reduplication, and composition in Riau and Deli Malay. The analysis in this study uses descriptive techniques, according to one of the characteristics of descriptive research. This means that the data analyzed is descriptive in the form of words that contain morphological processes, both single words and complex words contained in the morphological processes of Deli and Riau Malay. As a result of research on the morphology of the Riau Malay language, it can be concluded that, in general, morphology and syntax have many similarities with the morphology and syntax of the Indonesian language. This is because the two languages are the same family. Meanwhile, Deli Malay at first glance is similar to Indonesian with a thick Malay accent and shorter and faster pronunciation.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • KINESIC Communication in the Qur’an (Research of Kinesic Verses in the
           Facial Region in the Qur'an)

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      Authors: Ahmad Tamrin Sikumbang, Fairus, Muhammad Aminullah, Fakhri Yusuf, Farhan Indra
      Pages: 882– - 882–
      Abstract: This research will develop a new understanding for scholars and the Muslim community regarding nonverbal communication from the perspective of the Qur'an. The claim to be a holy book causes the Qur'an to be seen as the word of God, which should talk about various things, including nonverbal aspects of the human face and things related to them (postures and gestures that accompany facial muscle dynamics). On that basis, this research was conducted to answer questions related to kinesic or non-verbal communication from the perspective of the Qur'an. Using the primary data source of Al-Qur'an texts and al-Farmawy's thematic interpretation (mauḍū'i) research method, the results of this study show that, different from conventional secularistic nonverbal or kinesic communication paradigms, the Al-Qur'an paradigm is based on religious ideas that are sacred, futuristic, and emphasize the inseparable relationship between social and transcendental aspects. The verses of the Al-Qur'an not only affirm the positivism and functional aspects of conventional communication science but even express ideas that conventional communication science does not have namely, about the nonverbal of the human face before death and in the second life after death.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • RIYĀḌ AL-ṢĀLIḤĀT AND THE CIRCULATION OF GENDER CONSERVATISM AMONG
           URBAN MUSLIMAH IN INDONESIA

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      Authors: Ardiansyah, Nurul Huda Prasetiya, Muhammad Amar Adly, Arifuddin Muda Harahap
      Pages: 905– - 905–
      Abstract: In 2014, a musḥaf named Ummul Mukminin was published by a Quran publisher in Bandung, Indonesia. It targets female Muslim, as its cover suggested by self-claiming “Qur’an Terjemah untuk Perempuan”. It contains official translation of the Quran by the Ministry of Religious Affairs (2009 edition) and some additional texts in the back, including a “chapter” under the title “20 Wasiat Rasulullah untuk Perempuan”. This part contains text and translation of twenty hadiths from the Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥāt Quṭūf Tarbawiyya min Bustān al-Nubuwwa by Badawī Maḥmūd al-Sheikh. This research shows that out of twenty hadiths, only seven come from the Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥāt while the rest have no roots in the very book. It also finds that the gender narrative conveyed the chapter in particular and the paratext as a whole, contains subordination, domestication, and attempts to maintain certain stereotypes on women—all being part of conservative gender paradigm. Observation and interviews I conducted shows that the narrative has successfully penetrated the minds of urban Muslimahs. This research also raises a hypothesis that Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥāt is likely to be part of a bigger family of popular Islamist literature.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • THE CONCEPT OF RELIGION AND STATE: A HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH IN
           TEUNGKU CHIEK DIRUNDENG PERCEPTIVE

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      Authors: Syamsuar
      Pages: 918– - 918–
      Abstract: Teungku Chiek Dirundeng said that the religion and state an inseparable unit, unlike Soekarno, who saw religion and the state as two separate entities. This research will examine the concept of religion and state in Teungku Chiek Dirundeng perceptive. This research is a library research that used the Historical-Philosophical Approach. The results of this study show that Teungku Chiek Dirundeng is not only a religious leader, but also a warrior in Aceh. From the side of a religious figure, Teungku Chiek Dirundeng is a figure who has carried out many religious activities. From the side of the warrior, Teungku Chiek Dirundeng has tried hard to defend his homeland from the Dutch colonialists. The perceptive of the state as an area that must be defended in order to carry out religious teachings perfectly has given rise to the concept of "sabil war," which is able to raise the spirit of the Acehnese people to fight the Dutch. This concept has succeeded in motivating the people not to give up against Dutch colonialism.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • PROPHET COMMUNICATIONS IN THE MADINAH CHARTER FOR CONSTRUCTING A
           MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY

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      Authors: Hasrat Efendi Samosir, Effiati Juliana Hasibuan, Tappil Rambe
      Pages: 929– - 929–
      Abstract: The Medina Charter is a reference by the Prophet Muhammad in dealing with the conditions of a pluralistic society. The Medina Charter was also made to recognize the rights and interests people of Medina for the common good. The success of implementing the Medina Charter is inseparable from the political communication skills of the Prophet Muhammad. Even scientists call it a charter which is considered the first modern state constitution in the world. In this case, the Prophet Muhammad was able to lobby and political communication to convince people who were different from him, not only ethnicity and culture, but even different religions to live together in a country.
      The purpose of this study is to find the communication of the Prophet in the Medina Charter to construct a multicultural society. The research method used is library research by reviewing various references, both journals and books. Data processing and analysis was carried out by collecting various literatures related to research problems and described through deductive and inductive methods. The results of the study show that the forms of communication are clearly visible in the Medina Charter, both group communication and mass communication. In addition, interpersonal communication can be seen in the ability of the Prophet Muhammad to preach directly (face to face) in groups or in a fardiyah manner with the people of Medina.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) And Tawakkal Concept Elaboration
           To Encounter Anxiety As The Impact of COVID-19

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      Authors: Afnibar Afnibar, Ahmad Putra, Dyla Fajhriani, Aulia Rahmi, Maulana Andinata Dalimunthe
      Pages: 956– - 956–
      Abstract: The anxiety and worriness are experienced by most of the parents who stay in distance with their children due to corona virus disease pandemic (covid-19). The anxiety and worriness can cause irrational behavior, such as: frequently crying, restless, moody, and lost appetite. This situation is keep going on even though their children have given news that they are just doing well. This research discusses about the implementation of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) to overcome anxiety and negative thinking toward parents whose children are living in the area which vulnerablea to covid-19. REBT therapy implementation with tawakkal concept elaboration is aimed to improve an individual point of view toward problem encountered. This is an action research. The researchers provide therapy toward three parents who live far away from their children in which those children cannot return home yet due to covid-19. Those parents live in Kampung Karang Tangah Pesisir Selatan West Sumatera. There are 3 stages in this research: (a) empathy with client condition; (b) provide catharsis nuance; (c) ask the client to fight against the negative feeling; (d) provide suggestion through tawakkal concept; and (e) contract making. The research result revealed that clients started to realize that their action is not appropriate since it solves nothing. Hence, the implementation of REBT concept which combined with obedience concept may change clients’ point of view toward their problems as the impact of covid-19.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • THE EFFECT OF THE ONLINE LEARNING PROCESS AND INDEPENDENT LEARNING PROCESS
           ON IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT

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      Authors: Anita Purba, Herman, Tukiyo, Ridwin Purba, Endang Fatmawati, Nanda Saputra
      Pages: 978– - 978–
      Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of the online learning process and independent learning on improving student achievement in the NPM English Education Study Program 2018, 2019, and 2020 FY 2020/2021 FKIP USI during the Covid’19pandemic. The dependent variable of the study is the online learning process and independence study. The research was conducted on students of the 2018 NPM English Education Study Program, 2019, and 2020 T.A 2020/2021 FKIP USI. The research population is 50 people. The sampling technique uses the saturated sample method, so that all members of the population participate in the observation. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire, while secondary data was collected through documentation review. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis method. The results of the analysis show that the online learning process has a positive and significant effect on increasing student achievement in the NPM English Education Study Program 2018, 2019, and 2020 FY 2020/2021 FKIP USI during the Covid’19pandemic. While learning independence has no significant effect on improving learnin g achievement. NPM 2018 English Education Study Program students, 2019, and 2020 FY 2020/2021 FKIP USI during the Covid’19pandemic.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • PERFORMANCE IN SOE TWO TIERS BOARD SYSTEM BASED ON THE IMPLICATION FROM
           GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND TUNNELING OR PROPPING THROUGH RELATED PARTY
           TRANSACTIONS

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      Authors: Siti Arifah, Agung Nur Probohudono, Rahmawati, Setianingtyas Honggowati, Kusumaningdiah Retno Setiorini
      Pages: 991– - 991–
      Abstract: This study is to provide empirical evidence about the performance of State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia with a two-tier board system, on the effect of GCG and tunneling or propping through related transactions. This research uses data in the form of annual reports of State-Owned Enterprises. The results of this study showed that 69% were showing related transactions indicated tunneling and 31% showed related transactions indicated propping. Furthermore, the results obtained that the performance was simultaneously affected by GCG and tunneling. Partially GCG has a positive effect on performance, while tunneling or propping does not affect. The limitation of this research is that there are only 22 state-owned companies whose shares are partly owned by the public, during 2014-2019. The implication is that SOE need to continue to improve GCG to improve SOE’s performance, so that the possibility of tunneling which is a form of detrimental control can be minimized. This study shows that tunneling in state-owned companies is not in the form of taking cash or assets, but taking profits through control, coercion, and regulation. This study uses the performance measure based on the Malcolm Baldridge criteria.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Innovative leadership and its influence on the creative behavior of
           academic leaders in Jordanian universities

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      Authors: Alaa Tariq El-Dmrat, Eman Othman Al-Masri, wafaa Nayef Wreidat
      Pages: 1016– - 1016–
      Abstract: The study identifies innovative leadership and its influence on the creative behavior of the communityacademic leaders in Jordanian universities. It uses the descriptive analytical approach. The nature of the community work is the following leadership positions: Vice President, Dean of Faculty, Vice Dean, and Head of Department, which numbered (1131) academic leaders, and consisted of (399) academic leaders.
      The study showed a statistically significant effect of innovative leadership in the creative behavior of academic leaders in Jordanian public universities with no such differences in the responses of the sample members in the level of innovative leadership and creative behavior attributed to gender variables, college specialization, academic rank and nature of work. Further, the responses are statistically differentin the creative behavior because ofthe nature of the work and in favor of the assistant dean. In this work, * indicates statistical significance at the significance level (α≤0.05) and ** is statistical significance at significance level (α≤0.01).
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The food gap of the most important agricultural products in Iraq for the
           period 2003-2020 and ways to face it

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      Authors: Majeed; Omar Hameed
      Pages: 1038– - 1038–
      Abstract: Purpose: To identify the size of the food gap for the main agricultural products and crops in Iraq, which reflects to us the extent to which agricultural production in particular and the agricultural sector in general have declined.
      Theoretical framework: The theoretical side of the research dealt with the definition of self-sufficiency and the food gap, as well as identifying the reality of agricultural production in Iraq during the study period, as well as the reality of the food gap for the most important agricultural, plant and animal products.
      Design/methodology/approach: In reviewing the research problem, the researcher adopted the method of deductive and descriptive analysis based on the presentation and detail of official data on agricultural production and import in Iraq for the period (2003-2020).
      Findings: The study showed that the size of the food gap for the most important agricultural products in Iraq for the period from 2003 to 2020 amounted to a minimum (48%) and a maximum (100%), as a result of the weak economic policy in general and agricultural policy in particular, as well as, the Deterioration of the security situation and the scarcity of water resources.
      Research, Practical & Social implications: The results of the research showed the Magnitude of the food gap, which reflects the decline and deterioration in the volume of agricultural production in Iraq during the study period, and the dangerous of this situation on food security and self-sufficiency for members of the Iraqi society.
      Originality/value: This study is unique in analyzing the food gap of the main food products in Iraq during the period (2003-2020) in a specific and focused manner, given that the size of the food gap is a mirror that reflects the reality of the agricultural sector of any country.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Syntactic Features of the Japanese “-negau” and Korean
           “-himanghada” Sentence

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      Authors: Yong-Il Park
      Pages: 1050– - 1050–
      Abstract: This study examined the syntactic structure and characteristics of the sentence constructions using the Japanese term “-negau” and the corresponding Korean term “-himanghada.” The data for the study were extracted from “Syounagon” a corpus published by Japan’s National Institute of Japanese Language and Linguistics, and the example sentences were modified in a way that did not affect the study. Native Japanese and native Korean speakers assisted in determining the data’s sufficiency. The study’s results are summarized as follows. First, it is observed that the deep structure of the Japanese “-negau” and “-himanghada” sentence constructions are bi-clause structures in nature. These considerations were presented through the semantic domain and the phenomenon of honorific expression. Second, “-negau” and “-himanghada,” sentence constructions with a bi-clause sentence structure exhibit syntactic structures known as control and raising structures, depending on the functional characteristics of the sentence. The phenomenon of meaning interpretation of idiomatic expressions examined such conclusions. Third, the Japanese “-negau” and Korean “-himanghada” sentence constructions exhibit surface-level characteristics of the mono-clause sentence structure. This was suggested through the cleft sentence phenomenon that appears in the “-negau” and “-himanghada” sentence constructions. The results of the study, as described above, can be considered a universal characteristic that can be applied to other hopeful verb phrases found in Japanese and Korean.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Consciousness of Green Nanotechnology among Chemistry Scholars at the
           College of Education for Pure Sciences - Ibn Al-Haitham in Iraq

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      Authors: Khaled H. Hatem, Basma M. Ahmed, Taghreed H. Al-Noor
      Pages: 1069– - 1069–
      Abstract: The study's objective is to find out the difference between the scholar of the research sample in awareness Green nanotechnology on the scaleas a whole and in each of its fields. The research depended of (136) specimen mem and women scholars of the fourth stage scholars / Department of Chemistry at the College of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn Al-Haytham in Iraq for (2022-2023 AD) for the morning and evening studies, (65%) of the scientific community, It was picked at random with relation to the research instrument. it was a measure of awareness of green nanotechnology of (40) items, distributed in three areas (cognitive, skillful, emotional), and its validity and reliability were verified. Data analysis was completed for utilizing the statistical assay for society sciences (SPSS-22). The results showed Statistically, the research sample's pupils diverge from the hypothetical average on the scale's overall and across each of its areas in a way that is statistically significant. (cognitive, skillful, emotional). This means that there is a weakness in awareness of green nanotechnology. Green nanotechnology and green chemistry and integrating them into chemistry courses and emphasizing the applied side of student activities to enhance their awareness of green nanotechnology applications.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • THE MEASURE OF AIRPORT EFFICIENCY AND OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES IN SOUTHERN
           THAILAND

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      Authors: Rapee Phongpharnich, Wongchai Anupong
      Pages: 1082– - 1082–
      Abstract: Eight provinces in Thailand’s south tourism-related airports are expected to push for more significant airport expansion. In response to the expansion of the tourism industry in each province of the southern region and the increasing use of services from people in the provinces and neighboring areas, the problem of airports in the eight provinces consists of inefficiency in operating systems and service management. The construction and expansion of infrastructure projects that do not meet the needs of service users need to be improved. Therefore, this study chose a performance measurement tool to help analyze the data using slack-based measure data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) to measure the efficiency and operations of all eight airports quantitatively. In addition, the research team used qualitative data to help determine the problem of the input and output factors of all eight airports and used the Tobit regression model to analyze factors affecting the operational efficiency of all eight airports in the southern region of Thailand. According to the study, Nakhon Si Thammarat Airport (NST), Phuket Airport (HKT), Krabi Airport (KBV), Surat Thani Airport (URT), Hat Yai Airport (HDY) and Chumphon Airport (CMJ) also lacked operational efficiency. Almost all airports should have improved input factors, such as number of check-in counters, terminal area, parking area lots and pit stops. Output factors such as number of flights and number of goods. It was also found that Chumphon Airport (CMJ) and Hat Yai Airport (HDY) were also the least efficient in operation. Furthermore, factors affecting the operating efficiency of all eight airports in the southern region of Thailand can be sorted from most influencing factors to least as follows: Airport condition (X4), security (X3), and airport staff (X1), respectively.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Organizational Creativity Among Academic Leaders In Higher Education
           Institutions Based On Smart Leadership Standards

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      Authors: Raheeq Soudan Alenezi
      Pages: 1104– - 1104–
      Abstract: This study examines the interaction between Kuwaiti higher education institutions based on smart leadership standards Authoritarian leadership and their citizenship behavior, which is based on two perspectives: Kuwaiti higher education institutions based on smart leadership standards risk aversion and authority. This paper discusses the mechanism of Kuwaiti higher education institutions based on smart leadership standards authoritarian leadership and compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB) from the two paths of psychological safety and Group stress of employees in the organization. The results of 270 longitudinal paired samples showed that: (1) authoritarian leadership was positively related to CCB; (2) authoritarian leadership in the organization could reduce employees’ psychological safety and increase employees’ group stress; (3) psychological safety and group stress respectively play a role of complete mediation and partial mediation between authoritarian leadership and CCB. The research results have certain reference value to human resource management practices of enterprise managers.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Malaysia – Indonesia Conflict: In the National Interpretation 1963
           – 2010

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      Authors: Bambang B. Sulistyono, Atik Budi Paryanti, Niru Anita Sinaga, Lindri Purbowati, Rara Amalia Cendhayanie, Sungkono, Syamsunasir, Selamat Luban Gaol
      Pages: 1122– - 1122–
      Abstract: The people of Malaysia and Indonesia established kinship relations long before the two countries were formed which gave rise to similarities in culture, customs, and habits. However, in reality, the national perspective of each country is not always in line, thus triggering the ups and downs of bilateral relations between the two neighboring countries. Through this research, the examiners wish to gain a comprehensive understanding of the perspectives of the two countries' nationalities from geo-strategy, geo-economic aspects, socio-cultural geography aspects, as well as defense and safety aspects. . These aspects show a fairly high dynamic, as can be seen from the ups and downs of Indonesia-Malaysia relations between 1963 and 2010. To obtain an accurate analysis, data was extracted directly from leading information providers from both countries who have knowledge and experience. Knowledge of the object under study, such as former government officials who were involved in foreign activities, former soldiers who were directly involved in the confrontation and still have fresh memories of the war, as well as academics and researchers who have studied the confrontation. To achieve this, data from a number of Malaysian scientists were also sought. Realist and Liberalist theory as well as other relevant theories used in this research as. From the data analysis, the study reveals that geoscientific and geographical aspects are the main causes of the "tidal wave" relationship between the two countries. Moreover, the Melaka border strait has become a “critical point for the two countries, which have overlapping interests so that the Malaysia-Indonesia conflict will continue to exist. Therefore, the most optimal recommendation according to this study is to place the sea boundary in a "Status Quo" position or a "floating" position, but managed jointly through formal and informal approaches for the welfare of both countries. and culture through economic, Islamic, and military diplomacy approaches.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • ECOLEXICON OF BIOTA IN THE RICE FIELD ECOSYSTEM CONTEXT IN THE DIALECTICS
           OF AGRARISING CULTURE SHIFT OF SUMUR DISTRICT COMMUNITIES

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      Authors: Aceng Hasani, Odien Rosidin, Dase Erwin Juansah
      Pages: 1134– - 1134–
      Abstract: The lexicon of biota in the rice field ecosystem is important and interesting to study. This paper aims to describe the form, function, and survival of the flora and fauna lexicon in the rice field ecosystem in the cultural context of the Sumur District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. This paper utilizes the insights of ecolinguistic theory. Data collection was carried out using two techniques, namely (1) observation to obtain data on the form of the lexicon and (2) interviews with informants spread over seven villages to obtain data on the form, function, and persistence of the lexicon. The data analysis methods used are the translational equivalent method and the referential equivalent method. The data analysis technique used is the determining element sorting technique in the form of translational sorting power and referential sorting power. This paper has urgency as a form of documenting local culture and language that is beneficial for environmental or ecosystem conservation. The results of this study indicate that there is a rich flora and fauna ecolexicon which is expressed in Sundanese lingual units. Grammatically, the ecolexicon is in the form of words and phrases. However, the survival of the eco-collection has shifted due to changes in farming patterns and people's living culture.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Egra on Primary School in Serang City Banten; Strategies in Teaching
           Reading for Early Grade

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      Authors: Furtasan Ali Yusuf, M. Syadeli Hanafi, John Pahamzah
      Pages: 1157– - 1157–
      Abstract: The aims of the research is to find out the strategies in teaching reading for early grade students in primary school in reading Serang City Banten Indonesia. The strategies are determined from the results of the study using the instruments of Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA). The researchers used the quantitative research method by implementing the survey research design. The authors describe the obtained results of the student’s skill in reading components. As an example, we illustrate the proposed technique of teaching reading for primary school students. Our method allows to improve the student's reading ability is moderate; the children are less able to recognize; the meaningless word is still hard to be spelled; the students can understand the story well. The new strategies effectiveness evaluation is confirmed by the calculation the students recognize letters with a low reading speed about 2.02 minutes for 100 letters. The ability to read meaningful 32 words in 3 minutes, but the ability in reading a meaningless, the students got difficult 20 words in 3 minutes. The students reading in general are good with 88 percent, only a few students cannot read the text. The students can tell the contents of the reading by listening the story and retelling the story given orally in 80 percent. For the conclusion and the research results, the significance of this research is the stake holders of the education, both teachers and students in teaching and learning reading in primary school level. The newest ideas of this contribution is the initial efforts to teaching reading by determining students level of reading skill and decided the text leveling and facing and having treatment of the students classification nor only for the students that have already master the reading but also for the middle and lower skill students in reading by having various method of teaching reading such as reading aloud, reading together, and guiding reading. And providing various reading sources beside textbooks.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPERVISION AND SELF-EVALUATION OF SCHOOLS WITH
           PERFORMANCE OF TEACHERS

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      Authors: Suherman, Isti Rusdiyani, Lilik Nur Kholidah
      Pages: 1168– - 1168–
      Abstract: Supervision and evaluation of school principals is an important thing that must be improved so that teacher performance becomes even better. Therefore, this thesis discusses the relationship between the implementation of school supervision and self-evaluation with teacher performance at Junior High School of Serang city. The research was conducted with the aim of knowing the relationship between the implementation of supervision and school self-evaluation with teacher performance. To achieve this goal, descriptive analysis is used. The study was conducted on state teachers of Junior High School in Serang city with a sample of 69 of the 221 population. Furthermore, to analyze the relationship between variables, a quantitative approach is used and a descriptive correlation design is used. The results showed (1) There was a significant relationship between the implementation of supervision and teacher performance of 5.386 with indicators of implementation, targeting, application of principles, use of techniques, follow-p plans for supervision, as well as rewards and warnings; (2) There is a significant relationship between school self-evaluation on teacher performance of 8,295 with indicators of planning, school development and school-based management; (3) The implementation of school supervision and self-evaluation is significantly related to teacher performance by 72% with teacher performance indicators of professional competence, pedagogic competence, social competence, and personality competence.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Language Politeness as A Mirror of Rejection-Free Culture In First
           Secondary Education Kolaka District

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      Authors: Nur Ihsan, Samsuddin
      Pages: 1188– - 1188–
      Abstract: Language is one of the elements of culture that reflects the characteristics of every nation and ethnic group in this world. Mastering a language means mastering the world. An important aspect of language is politeness so that communication can run well, effectively and efficiently to achieve goals. This study aims to determine politeness in language as a reflection of Tolaki-Mekongga culture in the Kolaka Regency Junior High School environment. The method used is descriptive method in the form of qualitative research. The results of the study show that politeness in language as a reflection of Tolaki-Mekongga culture in the junior secondary education environment of Kolaka Regency is largely determined by context, social status between speakers and interlocutors and culture. Politeness in language as a mirror of culture is largely determined by forms of speech that use fragments of cultural elements, such as mo, ki, -ko, ji-mbe. There are utterances that contain fragments of Tolaki-Mekongga cultural elements that distinguish a high politeness rating, some that show a low politeness rating, and some that show a neutral politeness rating. Speeches that contain fragments of Tolaki-Mekongga cultural elements which are considered to have a high politeness rating are –-ki. This form is always distinguished by –ko. This form is understood to have a low politeness rating. While the fragments of cultural elements that are considered neutral are ji, -ka, -mbe, -i, tawwa and -ta. These forms do not differentiate between gender, social status, and age. This form is used by all groups within the scope of the Tolaki-Mekongga community in the secondary education environment of Kolaka Regency.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • THE DIFFERENCES IN PARENTING STYLE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE
           IN TULUNGAGUNG AND BANGKALAN DISTRICT, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

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      Authors: Wardani; DS, Al Rasyid, H, Wilujeng, CS, Maulidina, AR, Rakhmani, AN, Fajar, I, Setyobudi, SI, Supariasa, ID, Winarsih, S, Irawan, IR, Amaliah, N, Permanasari, Y
      Pages: 1201– - 1201–
      Abstract: Background: Children's health is strongly influenced by the parenting style. Good parenting will affect children's optimal growth and development such as having better nutritional status and less morbidity. Balanced nutrition is needed to achieve the optimal growth and development of children starting from newborns. East Java is one of Indonesia’s provinces with the highest stunting prevalence in children under five. However, few studies focused on the parenting style differences in areas with the highest and lowest prevalence of stunting.
      Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the characteristics of parenting styles of children under five in Tulungagung and Bangkalan districts.
      Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted among 404 mothers in Tulungagung and Bangkalan districts which were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, including family characteristics, children feeding practices, environmental sanitation, history of infection, and utilization of health services. The differences in the parenting style characteristics of children under five in two districts were analyzed using Chi-square.
      Result: There was a significant difference in the characteristics of mothers in Tulungagung and Bangkalan districts, including age, education level, and birth attendant. Socio-cultural, nutrition, and health-related parenting was also significantly differ in terms of parenting duration, training for caregivers, dietary taboo, parenting advice provider, early breastfeeding, other food before 6 months old, vegetable and protein food frequency, Posyandu visit frequency, vitamin A supplementation, iodized salt usage for cooking, child immunization status, child’s age of first immunizations, health facilities visit, initial action before bringing children to health facilities when sick. Significant different was also found in environment sanitation including the condition of house ceiling, walls, floor, living room windows, ventilation, kitchen vent, indoor lighting, clean water facility, ownership of latrines, children feces disposal frequency, and littering location and frequency.
      Conclusion: In summary, there is a parenting style discrepancy between districts with the highest and lowest prevalence of stunting in children under five.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • E-education in Law Schools under the COVID-19 Pandemic In Sultanate of
           Oman and Jordanian Universities

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      Authors: Ashraf mohamad gharibeh, Mohammed Rashid Ahmed Al Makhmari, Abdullah Ali Salim Al Shibli, Said Ali Hassan Al Mamari, Mohammad njim ibrahim elayat
      Pages: 1224– - 1224–
      Abstract: By the use of current communication technologies, educational institutions are able to transmit classroom lectures and pedagogical guidelines to students at a distance. Students in Oman and Jordan have ceased attending colleges and schools as a precautionary step to achieve social separation in view of the present conditions surrounding the spread of the Coronavirus, which has swept the whole world. According to defence orders issued by the Jordanian cabinet, law majors are taught in Jordanian public and private universities, 20 universities in which studies have shifted from face education to e-learning during the second semester of the 2019-2020 academic year.
      The theories of pandemics have existed in Islamic jurisprudence since ancient times, and Maliki jurists have devoted specialized books to it to discuss this issue. However, the Coronavirus pandemic is not the first or the last till the end of the world.
      The usage of e-learning, a modern method of education, is quickly expanding across a range of contexts. The electronic delivery of integrated programmes is now commonplace in universities and colleges, and even at some research universities and institutes. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous quarantine measures have been implemented, and regular schooling has been put on hold. This has shifted the emphasis heavily towards online education. The study's objectives are to provide an assessment of students' perceptions of their e-learning experiences in law programmes at universities in Jordan and Oman, as well as pros and cons of e-learning from students' perspectives and suggestions for improving e-learning at universities and academic institutions.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • English Second Language learning from childhood to Adolescence: a
           narrative case study of an international Saudi student in the United State
           

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      Authors: Hatim Abdulhadi Masoudi
      Pages: 1236– - 1236–
      Abstract: Language is an important part of life since it helps people tell each other what they want and why. In other words, language is a way for people to contact each other, it helps them talk to and express their feelings and desires. Language is an important part of a child's life as they connect with each other, share experiences, and get smarter through language, especially as they learn and improve their language skills and knowledge (Chanifa et al., 2020).
      There is no doubt that learning any language go through different phases and mechanisms. There is a tremendous difference between the first and second language in terms of acquiring and learning them. The first language for example is obtained by going through various stages such as played speech sounds, phoneme constructions, vocabulary spur, and language production stage (Morse and Cangelosi, 2017).
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Tracing Linguistic Evidence of Cultural Diversity: A Corpus-based Study

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      Authors: Sadia Ali, Muhammad Ali
      Pages: 1247– - 1247–
      Abstract: Various factors, including culture, indigenous languages, and social norms, shape English being spoken and written in a foreign context. To trace the influence of these various factors, several registers/ genres can be investigated. However, the newspaper register is the most suitable as it is close to everyday events to study how the language has undergone a change. This study seeks to investigate the influence of these factors on the English used in a foreign context and explores the patterns of linguistic variation in the corpus of Cultural news from South Asian countries. A corpus from South Asian countries was compiled. Biber's (1988) multidimensional model was used. ANOVA was applied to find the statistically significant differences. The results indicate that Cultural press reportage of all the countries varies in producing explicit, non-argumentative and abstract discourse. The results indicate that as the cultural press reportage of every country is different, English used in a foreign context differs in producing newspaper discourse.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE INPUT OUTPUT STRUCTURE OF DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE
           IN 2016 AND 2024: USING THE DYNAMIC INPUT OUTPUT (DIO) MODEL

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      Authors: Wan Ruslan Abdul Ghani, Toto Gunarto, Ida Budiarti
      Pages: 1258– - 1258–
      Abstract: This study aims to look at the estimated structural changes in the input output table for DKI Jakarta Province in 2024. Estimates for changes in the structure are obtained by making projections of the input-output table for DKI Jakarta Province in 2024 using the Dynamic Input Output (DIO) model, namely by embedding the econometric model into the input output model, using the 2016 based year, 52 economic sectors, and 22 data series from 2000 to 2021.
      DIO is a hybrid model that places more emphasis on non-survey aspects that combines macro-econometric equations with identity equations in input-output analysis. This model has many dynamic equations consisting of 425 equation model. The parameters value of the equation are estimated using a combination of three estimation methods: (1) Ordinary Least Square, (2) First Order of Autoregressive, and (3) Second Order of Autoregressive. The general balance value in the DIO model is formulated using the Gauss-Seidel iteration "RAS" method.
      The results of the study show that in 2024 the corporate services sector, the chemical, pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industry sector, and the transportation equipment industry sector are the dominant sectors in shaping changes in the structure of intermediate demand. The Construction Sector, the Corporate Services sector, and the transportation equipment industry sector are the dominant sectors shaping changes in the structure of intermediate input. The construction sector, the real estate sector, and the wholesale and retail trade sector, not cars and motorcycles, are the dominant sectors in shaping changes in the structure of final demand. For the gross value added component, the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector, Not Cars and Motorcycles, the Private Information and Communication sector, and the Financial Intermediary Services sector other than the Central Bank are the largest sectors in the formation of structural changes.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Emotional Regulation and its Relationship to Self-Efficacy among Academic
           Leaders in Amman Arab University

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      Authors: Dina Said Bazadough, Bahjat Abu Sulaiman
      Pages: 1288– - 1288–
      Abstract: This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional regulations, stress, and job security concern towards and self-efficacy among academic leaders in Amman Arab University. The presented sample for analysis included 30 questionnaires distributed among academic leaders. The study instrument is a questionnaire that consists of four parts: demographic information, emotional regulations’ items, stress items, job security concern items, and self-efficacy items. The study found that emotional regulations and stress as main study factors significantly impact on self-efficacy; while it is found that job security concern has no significant relationship with self-efficacy. In addition, it is also found that the following dimension of emotional regulation (rumination) significantly affects self-efficacy. On other hand, it is found that self-blame, receptivity, and re-evaluation have no significant impact on self-efficacy. This study provides further insights for organizations on how to adapt such factors to fit different national and cultural contexts. Further studies are recommended to investigate the effect of these factors on context with looking at the effect of unexpected event such as COVID 19.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • A Corpus-based Concordances Analysis of Tommy Orange’s There There in
           Relation to Monistic Philosophy

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      Authors: Tribhuwan Kumar
      Pages: 1308– - 1308–
      Abstract: The present paper is an attempt to discuss monism in Tommy Orange’s There There by using selected concordance occurrences. Monistic philosophy rejects the post-modern concept of pluralism and instability. Using the Antconc toolkit, the concordance of the terms such as story, history and its plurals too were found and the relation of these words to the signs, situations, characters and themes was tested for textual monism. In addition, if these words help to make the novel a coherent whole, the concordance plots of those words have also been closely studied. The choice of the text for these words was due to the author's own argument that the story of the urban Native American is to be considered within the context of its histories. Despite the fact that characters seem to be fractured 'stories' under the influence of their violent history, phrases that exist in multiple ways, incidents and themes seem to serve as links and turning points to maintain a connected and coherent overall narrative about the urban Native American community.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND INNOVATION IN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES FOR VALUE
           CREATION AND COMPETITIVENESS

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      Authors: Linda Lores, Iskanda Muda, Prihatin Lumban Raja, Idhar Yahya
      Pages: 1322– - 1322–
      Abstract: The Objective is to find out what makes SMEs able to continue to survive by utilizing their internal resources in the SMEs. The research method uses qualitative analysis, with the case study method, and with 120 informants who are small and medium business actors in the city of Medan, Indonesia, and is presented graphically and in tables, using NVIVO 12 plus. Data collection and analysis included participant observation, interviews, and interpretation data and videos
      The findings show that business actors are always continuously trying to find creative ideas that are better known to them as Intellectual Capital, which are appropriate for their business. The creative ideas created will be related to the inherent characteristics of the business. Because the characteristics will distinguish one business from another, even though the business is similar. The process of finding business characteristics requires a long time, with three stages until the creation of innovation to create business value and competitive advantage.
      Limitations of Research, Data only used This study used 102 participants, and was considered by the researcher to be sufficient because he had obtained the same findings, it was suggested to further researchers to develop a research model
      Practical implications. This business is very different from large businesses, especially in the form of its business, its activities, and the assets it owns. Intellectual Capital as knowledge possessed by SME’s their business activities. The effect is obvious by having innovation and performance, being key factors for the competitiveness of their businesses. Originality/ Value: Research has found that research and development activities in SME’s business actors can create assets that provide business value and business competitiveness.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Determinant Analysis of the Quality of MSME Financial Statements (Case
           Study on MSMEs in North Sumatra Province)

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      Authors: Magdalena Judika Br Siringoringo, Azhar Maksum, Erwin Abubakar, Rujiman
      Pages: 1343– - 1343–
      Abstract: The research aims to analyze empirically and obtain evidence whether educational background, information and socialization, business size, and use of information technology affect the quality of MSME financial reports. The main issue in this research is the lack of awareness of the importance of financial reporting and the motivation of business actors to keep books properly. In addition, the lack of resources, lack of information and outreach, limited knowledge of accounting and the complexity of the accounting process, and the assumption that preparing financial reports is a hassle and requires experts or sophisticated technology so that it incurs large costs for its implementation. In practice, the quality of MSME financial reports is still low, this is evidenced by the MSME financial reports that do not show correct accounting information. Most MSMEs have not fully adopted the application of SAK EMKM into their financial reporting. MSMEs only keep simple records such as cash in and cash out, there are no journal entries and do not carry out accounting practices in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (SAK EMKM). This research is a quantitative-qualitative research with primary data. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis technique used is statistical analysis based on partial least squares (PLS). The results of the study found that educational background had a positive effect on the quality of financial reports, information and socialization had a positive effect on the quality of financial reports, business size also showed a positive effect on the quality of MSME financial reports, and as well as information technology on the quality of financial reports.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Impact of willness and license on eligibility

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      Authors: Darelsalam Saadeldin Mahmoud Ahmed
      Pages: 1357– - 1357–
      Abstract: It is understood that one of the fundamentalist terms relating to legal provisions is the terms: The resolve and the licence, the resolve in legitimacy: the "firm rule of legitimate evidence devoid of opposition" The licence in the Shari 'a "has proved contrary to a forensic guide to a successful opposition" Thus, the five provisions established by forensic evidence shall be included in the licence. The licence shall be contrary to those provisions, and it shall be contrary to an exhibit that is likely to be eaten by the deceased. Because she marked the all judgments.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The history of the Islamic faith and its impact on child development

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      Authors: Eman Ali Mohammed Al-Ghananeem, Mohammad khaled mostafa al-momani, Qutaibah Radwan Rashed AlMoman
      Pages: 1380– - 1380–
      Abstract: This article offers an in-depth look at the impact that being raised in an Islamic setting may have on a child's development. The purpose of this research is to investigate the nature of the balanced relationship that exists among a child's surroundings and the maturation of their behaviors and attitudes, regardless of whether that connection is positive or negative. The approach of qualitative research was used in this research study. According to the findings of this research, one of the most significant contributors to a kid's development and growth is their surroundings. In the framework of Islam, environmental variables such as families, educators, and the surroundings are recognized as having a major impact on the development of a child.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Attributes of the reformer in the Holy Quran

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      Authors: Abbas Muhammad Jassim Alaboudi, Ahmed Sabah Shihab al-Qaisi
      Pages: 1392– - 1392–
      Abstract: The term “reform” has been subjected to much confusion and intellectual tampering by some of those defeated by Western civilization. So they emptied the reform of its legal content and made it a cover for (distortion of religion) and (nullification of Sharia); Until the term (reform) arouses suspicion, apprehension and anxiety among the general public of Muslims.There is no doubt that righteousness is the goal required of the servants in belief, words and deeds. Without righteousness, no work is accepted, and no kinship is attained, and blessing is not placed in wealth, souls, and fruits. One of the great things is that a person is righteous in his words and deeds, but what is greater than that is that he is righteous in his words and deeds. The righteous person has sufficed himself on behalf of the creation, and as for the reformer, he has carried the concerns of the creation, and addressed their reform, and that righteousness brings about goodness, blessing and growth, but reform, by means of which God wards off evil and destruction from mankind.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Divine Discourse to Satan in the Old Testament

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      Authors: Duraid Abd Muzayel Al Dhaheri, Hazem Adnan Ahmed
      Pages: 1401– - 1401–
      Abstract: After tracking a selection of divine speeches of Satan in the texts of the Old Testament and showing the extent of contradiction and deviation that affected those texts, as it becomes clear to the researcher that the main issue of this research is to show the false image transmitted to us by the writers and interpreters of the Old Testament, which showed the extent of the ability and validity of Satan to interfere in human life, it has raised his ability and made it comparable to the ability of God Almighty, At times, God allows Satan to enter into the complex of gods, which he holds and sits on his right, and this tells us that he is welcomed by God Almighty, and at other times he depicts to us the extent of God's trust in Satan and his entry with him defiantly to discover the extent of obedience enjoyed by his servants, and here God appears unaware of what his servants hide and what they declare, and once those texts describe God with descriptions of a worthy of his holy self, such as the lack of ability and courtship of the devil and excitement. To take revenge on His servants and other attributes that Allah has not revealed in terms of authority. It is clear to the researcher through the review of those texts in which the divine speech of Satan that there is a dual nature (positive and negative) and this is what the Old Testament claimed enjoyed by that Satan in addition to misleading people and seducing them, some texts have raised the status of Satan and made him close to God and within his divine council and influential on the him and challenging him, describing him with strength and the ability to disease and heal, This is what helped the emergence of some deviant images, as it provided a suitable ground for deviation because the empowerment of Satan and his ability to provoke and challenge God paves the way, according to what the Jews claimed, the way for people to associate with that satanic force, so the Bible's view of Satan prompted Satanists and owners of deviant movements to adopt these claims, so God is exalted from what they say is very high.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The concept of social reform and its effects on the Qur'anic
           perspective: A Thematic Study

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      Authors: Sultan Hamid Sultan, Ibrahim Abdel Salam Yassin
      Pages: 1418– - 1418–
      Abstract: There is no doubt that we can lose the depth of the link between social reform in our daily lives in all its details, by looking at the verses and narrations, and then all ambiguity and fog about the term social reform in particular will disappear and disappear, as well as its positive effects will be manifested to us, as it is undoubtedly one of the topics that are very important, in terms of thegreat status and status in Providing security and safety for individuals and communities throughout the world, and through careful consideration of the effectiveness of social reform at all levels, and as one of the most important topics that have a great input into the belief of the individual, his actions, his intellectual and moral system, his behaviors,and worship. Therefore, it has been addressed by the pens of researchers and scholars from all its aspects and merits, and it has been taken care of by it because of its importance at all levels, and because it is a reason for the awakening of peoples and nations from the slumber of oppression to the righteousness of victory and pride, and its positive effects on the individual have become clear. And society , and the extent of its effectiveness in building nations, and the reference to the most important social belongings, and address them through an Islamic Quranic vision we show through our wandering in its corridors the treasures inherent in verses and narrations; Then a conclusion to the research, and then comes a list of sources and references, and in fact the importance and priority of social reform at all types and levels is a matter of reform Sunnah, practiced by all the reformer Prophets, messengers, guardians, and leaders of the reformers, and God Almighty has indicated in the story of theProphet Abraham (peace be upon him) Therefore , the prophets and messengers (peace be upon them) were advocates of reform andguidance in their societies, the Almighty said : Thr thz then thin thi thi fi fi qiqi ka all km kiki did not lly ma mm (1)
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The mind and its position in Sufi knowledge

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      Authors: Hamid Jabbar Rashid, Yassin Hussein Alwaisi
      Pages: 1441– - 1441–
      Abstract: Knowledge in Sufism is a spiritual revelation and an emotional feeling that is represented in a sacred dimension. The realities of existence are incomprehensible, which separates from the perception of the senses. (Religion) It is dangerous to refer it to (specialists) to give them confidence to act on your behalf in deciding your worldly and hereafter fate, as those who are related to the slave’s relationship with the Creator - Glory be to Him - and it is not logical that the slave is a party to this relationship participating in making his eternal destiny, and for that reason this entailed The relationship in the experiences of the Sufis on many of the epistemological secrets so that such secrets are not lost in the relationship with its people, and this is a brief research to find out the content of those secrets.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Guardianship of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) In
           Alghadeer Encyclopedia

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      Authors: Hadeer Ali Abd, Abd Hadi Freih
      Pages: 1466– - 1466–
      Abstract: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and his pure God, the ships of salvation and the flags of guidance, and on his companions who followed the example of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and on all the prophets and messengers and the worship of Allah the righteous
      And yet....
      The state is the emirate and the sultan and the governor is the caretaker of the thing or who has the right to obey any caretaker of the parish and responsible for them and the state is of great importance and great is a general presidency in matters of religion and the world and faith is the way of the state and is the basis on which the mandate is based faith as it is known to say and do or is a ratification of the heart and acknowledgment of the tongue and work of the pillars do good one of the pillars on which the mandate is based.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • CURRICULA OF ISLAMIC CULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN PROMOTING ETHICS

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      Authors: Abed Al-hameed Rajeh Kurdi, Yusuf Ahmad Mofleh, Saad A. Meqdad
      Pages: 1477– - 1477–
      Abstract: Islamic culture, as a theoretical scientific approach, is one of the reinforcers of applied, practical, and behavioral ethical values among students of science in their various stages of study, especially in the first university stage. Therefore, this subject found wide interest among Sharia scholars in laying down its foundations, teaching plans, and topics, including highlighting the ethical value aspect in most of its concepts. This research aims to reveal the relationship between Islamic culture and ethics after explaining what is meant by them and explaining their characteristics and the combination between them, illustrating the role of Islamic culture in promoting ethics and the desired goals. The study concluded the importance of linking various issues of Islamic culture and ethics, and the need to clarify these goals. It recommended illustrating the subject of ethics as an independent subject within the subjects of Islamic culture, in addition to clarify the status of ethical values within the subjects of the curriculum of other Islamic culture.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Measuring the Importance of Forensic Accounting and The Necessity of
           Integrating It into Higher Education Curricula

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      Authors: Raad Oleiwi
      Pages: 1491– - 1491–
      Abstract: In the specialist field of accounting known as "forensic accounting," financial knowledge is used to look into and settle legal disputes and financial crimes. The need for forensic accounting knowledge has increased in recent years as businesses and organizations are under more pressure to adhere to complicated standards and stop financial wrongdoing. The trend has been affected by a number of factors, including the growth of international trade, the rapid improvement of technology, as well as the threats posed by ransomware. As a result, many businesses now understand the value of having forensic accountants on staff or retainers to aid in the detection and avoidance of financial crime and investigate and resolve legal issues.
      The significance of forensic accounting is examined in this essay as the requirement that it be included in curricula for higher education. A brief history of forensic accounting is given at the outset, and then a review of the literature on the subject's significance and efficacy in identifying and preventing fraud follows. To do this, research will be done on the economic effects of fraud, the efficiency of forensic accounting in identifying and preventing fraud, and the state of forensic accounting education right now. Then, a survey of accounting professionals is undertaken to acquire information regarding the perceived significance of forensic accounting and the requirement of integrating it into higher education courses. The survey results are analyzed to ascertain the perceived significance of forensic accounting and the necessity for ongoing study in this field. This article will thoroughly evaluate the significance of forensic accounting, the necessity of incorporating it into higher education courses, and the need for ongoing forensic accounting research using the analyzed survey results.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • ISLAMIC BUREAUCRACY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PHILOSOPHY

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      Authors: Alfian, Endang Larasati, Kismartini, Triyuningsih
      Pages: 1501– - 1501–
      Abstract: This article analyzes the bureaucracy and public administration with an Islamic values approach regarding norms, ethics, and mursalah as the spirit of the law. This paper can provide the color that Islam is constantly developing and can answer the challenges of modernity with the character of continuity and change. Islam still pays attention to the reality of society, so it gives birth to a humanist and authoritative formulation of Islamic law, not the authoritarianism of Islamic law. The method used for this study is a literature study. This study can be integrated with Maqhasid Syariah by exploring the philosophical values (the theory values) of norms and ethics related to bureaucracy and public administration in Islamic law. Several theories recognize that Islamic matters such as performance, ethics, and accountability influence public administration. Deviating from Islamic principles and following a secular path will fail in Muslim societies, and social reforms require returning to Islam. This discussion will appreciate diversity, and even in the Islamic world, bureaucracy and public administration in the Islamic world consider the importance of religion, its values , and culture. In the end, the view of the legitimate form of bureaucracy and public administration in the Islamic world is of academic interest and global political importance.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Internalization of Nationalism Values as A Pattern of Communication in
           Balinese Hindus' Religiosity

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      Authors: I Wayan Wastawa
      Pages: 1514– - 1514–
      Abstract: The aim of the present analysis of the internalization of nationalism values as a pattern of communication in Balinese Hindus' religiosity is to identify the understanding and appreciation of Balinese Hindus towards Nationalism through state symbols in their religious practices a medium of worship to God Almighty. The data for this study were obtained through observation, interviews, and literature study using primary data sources from 15 informants as well as secondary data sources. The approach herein focuses on the communication paradigm by interpreting the meaning of the phenomenon of society using symbols. The Symbolic Interaction Theory, the Theory of Religion, and the Theory of Symbiosis Mutualism as the analysis tools. Data analysis concluded that Hindus in Bali highly uphold the values of Nationalism through transcendental communication and religious communication with various religious attitudes and state symbols as a medium of worship to God, who has blessed their struggle to achieve independence. For this reason, Hinduism and the State formed a symbiosis mutualism because they complement and reinforce religious values, human values, unity, consensus deliberation, and values of social justice.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The study of Ming and Qing Dynasty Furniture Styles using Analysis the
           Principles of Furniture Design

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      Authors: Xuefeng Hu, Rosjana Chandhasa
      Pages: 1531– - 1531–
      Abstract: In the Ming dynasty and qing dynasty furniture design of the main dimensions are analysis, studied the design scope of 5 furniture styles in Ming Dynasty and 5 furniture styles in Qing Dynasty, discusses the reflect practical, the concept of functional and aesthetic problems. Using qualitative research, descriptive research, analysis of the content.
      The results show that the concept of furniture in Ming Dynasty design is conceptually analysis, reflecting the philosophy of ancient Chinese culture, the physical properties of materials are human media, and the practical essence is simple shapes. Sturdy and durable furniture is a versatile function of furniture, the use of furniture comfort is not ergonomic, but reflects the aesthetic side. The elegant style and smooth lines, combined with the harmonious balance of curves and straight lines through the connection of carving and assembly, accentuate the unique shapes and delicate structures that accentuate the aesthetics of the furniture and the surface of the material. This paper analyzes the design style of furniture in Qing Dynasty conceptually and puts forward the concept of aesthetics and symbolic meaning which reflect the characteristics of ancient Chinese culture. In terms of ease of use, the design focuses on size and ergonomic curves, with an aesthetic influenced by the Ming Dynasty. Such as marble pearl decoration, latex coating, etc. Ming and Qing furniture not only influenced culture and art, but also the understanding of the structural level of furniture, which is the basis of modern furniture structure and will bring greater aesthetic value.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Authority of Kyai at Salafiyah Islamic Boarding School in Interpreting
           Religious Matters in Indonesia

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      Authors: Anis Humaidi, Triyo Supriyatno
      Pages: 1549– - 1549–
      Abstract: Salafiyah Islamic boarding schools require students to study the Yellow Books as part of their compulsory curriculum. Even though these books contain teachings that promote intolerance regarding the principles of hudud and jihad, students are known for their tolerant attitude and rarely participate in religious violence. Individuals are not merely adhering to the religious teachings contained within scripture dating back several centuries without question. This is largely due to the guidance provided by Kyai (scholars), fostering a tolerant and inquisitive mindset in their students. Therefore, this study explores the role of Kyai’s authority in interpreting the intolerant teachings in the Yellow Books, and how it contributes to the formation of tolerant thinking among students through a qualitative approach. The data sources were Kyai at the Sabilurrosyad Islamic boarding school in Malang, and data was collected through interviews with caretakers and teachers. Furthermore, the data analysis was inductive, with steps to reduce presentation and draw conclusions. The results showed that the teaching style of Kyai effectively assists students in understanding texts by considering the social and cultural context, adhering to government regulations, embracing local wisdom, recognizing social circumstances, and promoting religious tolerance. In conclusion, Kyai is the determiner of the interpretation of the Yellow Books.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Organizational communication strategies of Nahdlatul Ulama administrators
           in establishing Lazisnu of North Sumatera, Indonesia

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      Authors: Juni Wati Sri Rizki, Sumper Mulia Harahap, Esli Zuraidah Siregar, Hamka
      Pages: 1560– - 1560–
      Abstract: Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) prominently proves that their principles have quite an influence in Indonesian Muslim people’s daily activities. Many linguists may have conducted few ethnographic research on communication strategies, but any research focusing on organizational communication strategies within the scope of NU administrators especially in relation to Lazisnu establishment in North Sumatera is hardly found. This particular research aims at describing the organizational communication strategies used by NU administrators in establishing Lazisnu (a non-profit organization belonged to NU to help taking care of people’s welfare) in North Sumatera. By employing field research, this study was conducted with descriptive qualitative approach combined with phenomenology design. The data were collected using observation, interview, and document analysis techniques. The data analysis procedure included data classification, data reduction, data description, and conclusion making. The findings pronounced that organizational communication strategies were used by NU administrators in establishing Lazisnu of North Sumatera in taking care of socialization, cooperation with companies, collaboration with local bank, and cooperation with mosque administrators. To this, the researcher suggests NU administrators in North Sumatera to mind and control the cooperation and collaboration with various parties to make a betterment in carrying out Lazisnu programs.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL CHANGE

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      Authors: Sukino, Saumi Setyaningrum, Imron Muttaqin, Triyo Supriyatno
      Pages: 1575– - 1575–
      Abstract: This study is motivated by the assumption that social change in rural communities tends to be slow and full of strong cultural challenges. This research seeks to show that with the presence of actors who can mobilize resources through educational institutions, social change is faster than the assumptions of the theory of social change in rural communities. Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach and analyzed structural-functionactional social theory of Robert King Merton aims to see the dynamics of social change in rural communities driven by the tahfidzul Quran Islamic boarding school educational institution. Based on the results of interviews and non-participant observations and data analysis of the James P.Spradley model, it was found that the manifest function of pesantren is as a place to learn the knowledge of the Koran, moral and worship education and early childhood education. Furthermore, when the impact of the quality of the manifest function was analyzed from the perspective of latent functions, it was found that pesantren had become a trigger for significant social change in rural communities. An important finding from this latent function that distinguishes it from the role of other social structures in the village is: that pesantren can change people's mindsets so that they behave positively, such as increasing social solidarity, generosity, and civil society in rural communities.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Sociology of Sustainable Agriculture to Save Farmer Empowerment in
           Indonesia: Green-Economy Approach

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      Authors: Wahyudi
      Pages: 1599– - 1599–
      Abstract: This study investigates the sociology of sustainable food production and the use of smart green-agricultural. The literature study research method uses content analysis to find answers to the research problem formulation. Various public documents and relevant literature studies were collected. The findings reveal that the government's policy on sustainable food production focuses on a sustainable food system by utilizing the concept of sustainable production, optimizing the use of land and food waters, ensuring fair food prices, and implementing a food waste management hierarchy. Agricultural technology focuses on food knowledge management systems, creation of knowledge management and databases based on local wisdom, implementation of sustainable production and food industry 4.0, development of a national system of barns, development of logistics and distribution systems, development of virtual content, and a national knowledge network. It can be concluded that the novelty of this research on the sociology of sustainable food systems is aware of the importance of a sustainable food system orientation with the concept of 'Fill My Plate'. Sociologically, the community understands that technology is intended as a definite step to support a green economy by encouraging responsible food consumption behavior. The implications of this research are expected to be able to provide recommendations for the development of a sustainable food system using a green economy approach to support the Indonesian sustainable food system (SPBI).
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Significance of Maqashid Shariah in the Development of the Islamic
           Marketing Mix Concept

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      Authors: Moh. Nasuka
      Pages: 1619– - 1619–
      Abstract: This paper discusses the conceptualization of the Islamic marketing mix which is based on the theory of maqāṣid syarī'ah which is derived from the Koran and as-Sunnah covering products, prices, promotions, distribution, and people. The marketing mix in an Islamic perspective is different from the marketing mix in conventional economics. As an illustration, the production process includes moral and transcendental elements in the decision making of the production process. Product pricing in Islam must pay attention to several provisions that have been regulated in Islam. Product promotion in Islam is not justified in exaggerating product quality. According to Islamic principles, distribution channels are not allowed to charge the end customer which leads to higher prices. Regarding the aspect of people, Islam emphasizes the importance of customer freedom in making decisions.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Pancasila as the Single Principle: Its Urgency for the Importance of
           Indonesian Muslims

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      Authors: Makrum, Taufiqur Rohman, Ahmad Asrof Fitri, Teti Hadiati
      Pages: 1631– - 1631–
      Abstract: This paper aims to explore and explain the urgency of the Single Principle of Pancasila for the benefit of Indonesian Muslims. This writing was inspired by President Soeharto's speech in front of the session of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia on August 16, 1982, which raised, among other things, the urgency of the Single Principle of Pancasila for the national unity and integrity. However, this, later, received strong protests, especially from Muslims, because it was considered that it would make Pancasila a religion. In fact, the main mission of the Single Principle of Pancasila is to solve the basis issue of the community organizations before the state of Indonesia was passed on to the Post-45 generations. Using a historical-socio-political approach, it can be seen that behind the acceptance of Pancasila as the only principle by Muslims there is a great wisdom, namely the loss of concern or suspicion that Muslims have not fully accepted a national state based on Pancasila. With this loss of suspicion, the interests of Muslims are getting more attention from the state, among them are: (1) religious teachings are increasingly permittable, even supported; (2) the aspirations of Muslims one after another are fulfilled, such as the enactment of the Religious Justice Act, the National Education System Act, the Compilation of Islamic Law, the broadcasting of Arabic lessons on television; (3) religious life is becoming more vibrant; and (4) Islamic studies are also developing. However, when there was a reform, the policy of enforcing the Single Principle of Pancasila was actually revoked with the issuance of the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly Number: XVIII / MPR / 1998 of 1998, thus opening up opportunities for riots and divisions of the nation.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Influence of School Culture on Teacher Performance and High School
           Productivity in the Post-Pandemi in Tasikmalaya District

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      Authors: Krisna Sujaya
      Pages: 1654– - 1654–
      Abstract: The purpose of this study was to understand school culture on teacher performance, the influence of school culture on school productivity, and the influence of teacher performance on school productivity in high schools in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. The method used is a quantitative method with a structural equational modelling approach involving one exogenous variable, namely organizational culture, one intervening variable, namely teacher performance and one endogenous variable, namely school productivity. Primary data was obtained through a survey method for school leaders including school principals and deputy principals. The population of this study were all principals and deputy principals of public and private senior high schools in Tasikmalaya Regency, totaling 555 people. Samples were obtained using a proportional random sampling technique. The sample size of the study was 168 people. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3.3 software. the results of the analysis show that there is a significant influence between school culture on teacher performance and has implications for school productivity. The teacher's performance variable plays an effective role as an intervening variable.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Community Empowerment of the Low Income Muslims in Cirebon City Through
           Participatory Action Research

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      Authors: Sitti Faoziyah
      Pages: 1675– - 1675–
      Abstract: The study aims to empower low-income people through participatory action research in the city of Cirebon. The research method used is participatory action research. Resources come from primary and secondary data in the form of public documents from the Office of Social Manpower and Transmigration; Strategic Plan Document (RENSTRA) of the Education Office of Indramayu Regency for 2016-2021; and relevant literature. The results of the study consist of two sub-discussions. First, based on the results of the analysis using CIPPO, it was found that all APR activities carried out by the Government, local governments, universities, NGOs, and companies were all successful, and had a positive impact both directly and indirectly on increasing people's income. second, the PAR program is able to increase the adjustment between very priority needs and the programs provided to the community. This conformity can be realized because before carrying out the empowerment program, NA is carried out directly from the community. The process of planning, implementing, evaluating, and utilizing the results of programs provided to the community must involve local communities. When the community is involved from planning, implementing, evaluating, and using the program, the feelings felt by the community will increase. When the sense of ownership is high, the maintenance program for existing assets becomes lighter, has a longer lifespan and provides more welfare to the community. From the perspective of Islamic Economics, the people of the Balongan Indramayu area of West Java are said to have fulfilled basic physical needs such as food and shelter, but also non-physical such as education and spirituality. The fulfillment of primary needs (Dlaruriyyat), secondary needs (Hajiyyat) and tertiary needs (Tahsiniyyat). It's just that the implementation of the program has not been maximized, therefore it needs to be maximized in order to improve the welfare of the community as a whole.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Influence of Price, Security and Promotion on Purchase Decisions in
           Online Store: Z Generation Study

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      Authors: Bambang Nur Cahyaningrum, Wisnu Untoro, Ahmad Ikhwan Setiawan, Lilik Wahyudi
      Pages: 1702– - 1702–
      Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of price, security, and promotion on purchasing decisions at online stores among Z generation. The research method uses quantitative research. The sample of this research is Z generation (Z gen), the generation born between 1995 and 2010, using 102 respondents. The analytical tool used to determine the effect between independent and dependent variables, using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that the price variable has no significant effect on purchasing decisions, with a significance value of 0.083 (p>0.05). Meanwhile, security and promotion had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, with a significance value of 0.012 (p<0.05) and 0.000 (p<0.05).
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Responding to Western Islamophobia through Religious Moderation in
           Indonesia: Fairclough and Wodak's Critical Discourse Perspectives

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      Authors: Umar Fauzan
      Pages: 1717– - 1717–
      Abstract: This study is a critical discourse analysis aimed at examining the forms of ideology reflected in Western media coverage and the development of religious moderation policy in Indonesia. The data in this research consists of vocabulary, sentences, and text structures containing ideologies from news texts about Islamophobia in Western media and religious moderation in Indonesia. The data sources used are television and newspaper news in America and Europe as well as television and newspaper news in Indonesia. The process of data collection is carried out by searching and selecting relevant news texts on the research topic from predetermined data sources. Then, the selected news texts are used as data in this research. The data analysis employs the critical discourse analysis technique by Fairclough and Wodak. The results show that the extensive coverage of terrorist activities by the media has resulted in Islamophobia in the West. Similarly, biased policies and discrimination against Muslims have also contributed to acts of terror. It is crucial to utilize media in a positive manner to promote unity and tolerance among different religious communities. The agenda of religious moderation should begin with individuals showing respect and appreciation for differing opinions and beliefs.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Effect of Islamic Religious Education Learning Models in Increasing
           Students' Learning Activeness in Class VIII of SMP Muhammadiyah Parepare

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      Authors: St. Wardah Hanafie Das, Abdul Halik, Iriani Ambar, Bustanul Iman, Dadang Sumarna
      Pages: 1731– - 1731–
      Abstract: The background in this study is the influence of the Islamic religious education learning model in increasing learning activity in class VIII SMP Muhammadiyah Parepare which is based on Law No. 12 of 2012 and Qs Al-Alaq/96:1-5 as well as field facts that occur. The type of research used is quantitative research which is located at SMP Muhammadiyah Parepare. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The population is 61 students and the sample is 22 students. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are validation and reliability tests, descriptive analysis, data requirements test and hypothesis testing. Research results that have been obtained by research based on data analysis, namely. 1) The Islamic Religious Education learning model has an average total score of 75.6061, this indicates that Islamic Religious Education learning is in the medium category. 2) Student activeness has an average score70.9470this shows Student Active Learning is in the categorycurrently.3) there is a relationship between the learning model of Islamic religious education on student learning activeness in class VIII SMP Muahammadiya Parepare as evidenced by hypothesis testing with a significance value of 0.001 <0.05, with a determinant efficiency of 0.541% which indicates that Ho is accepted.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Promoting the SDG Culture via Educational Strategies and Policies for
           Everyone

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      Authors: Nanik Lestariningsih, Ervian Arif Muhafid, Iin Purnamasari, Nanda Saputra, Abdul Rahmat, Endang Fatmawati, Andiyan Andiyan
      Pages: 1745– - 1745–
      Abstract: The aim of this present article is to investigate and evaluating the Strategy for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia as an Effort to Improve Quality Education. The method used in present study is qualitative-study approach or a descriptive-approach, with the basis of the discussion being the results of a literature study through multiple book sources, scientific articles from relevant journal sources, and the results of previous studies that are relevant to the topic at hand. This paper discusses the approach of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance the quality of education in Indonesia, a developing nation with several challenges in the condition and quality of its education, which is not yet entirely sufficient and uniformly distributed. Then, consider the present condition of education and the government's involvement in overcoming barriers to increasing the quality of Indonesia’s education. It is envisaged that the establishment of the SDGs program would alleviate the issue of education's unequal distribution and increase its quality, therefore advancing the Indonesian country.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Elements of US-Russian relations

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      Authors: Ahmed Jasim Saber, Abbass Sadoon Refat
      Pages: 1767– - 1767–
      Abstract: Relations between countries are affected by the elements of strength in each of them, as each country has a number of elements that represent elements of power, and these elements and elements work to strengthen the regional and international role of this country, in a manner that achieves its national security and enhances its national interests regionally and globally, through work In order to invest in the strengths that the state enjoys and overcome the weaknesses it suffers from in a way that leads to determining its international standing, the international political influence, in order to be effective and influential, must be based on a set of conditions that give it a degree of credibility. The state influences the decisions of other states by virtue of its ability, and the power of the state is not limited to military force only, as the traditional approach of interpretation goes, but rather it includes all the state’s material and moral capabilities, and then the state’s strength is explained in terms of its ability to influence externally the behavior of others, and in proportion With the goals of its foreign political movement, in a manner that guarantees it the protection and realization of its national interests.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Vision and Formation in the Poetic Story in the Arab World

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      Authors: Judi Faris El Batayneh, Arwa Mohamed Rabie, Mahmoud Mohamed Rabie
      Pages: 1796– - 1796–
      Abstract: This research aims to study vision and formation in the poetic story in the Arab world; due to its rapid spread in the literary arena and the unrecorded demand of writers without knowing its formation and visions; The lack (financial) of identification contributed to understanding what the poetic story is, and some social networking sites that publish everything written by writers without following the standards of publication. So we could not identify the good texts from the bad texts. This necessitated the researchers to study some texts to clarify the most important components, characteristics and technologies that must be available in the text to have the characteristics of the poetic story to have a clear cut between this literary type and other types close to it.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Test of Effectiveness of Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) Subjects

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      Authors: Robert Silaban, Keysar Panjaitan, dan Hidir Efendi
      Pages: 1809– - 1809–
      Abstract: The purpose of this research is to develop learning tools which include syllabus, Semester Learning Design, Teaching Materials and Assessment for CAM courses whose suitability has been tested. Requirement analysis in the form of relating to the change in the Competency-Based curriculum to the Indonesian National Qualification Framework curriculum automatically requires adjustments in many ways, for example, the assessment in the Competency-Based curriculum consists of 4 (four) components whereas the Indonesian National Qualification Framework curriculum consists of 6 (six) components plus cognitive assessment which have the biggest contribution. In the implementation of the Competency-Based curriculum, the tools are used in accordance with the Competency-Based curriculum. With the application of a curriculum based on the Indonesian National Qualification Framework it is felt necessary to develop learning tools that support the implementation of the Indonesian National Qualification Framework curriculum. The development of this researcher uses research procedures that adapt from the 4-D model. The results of the research phase I expert material assessment showed that the CAM Course Semester Learning Design and CAM Teaching Materials had met the criteria very suitable for use of the CAM learning equipment, then based on the assessment of college student students that the CAM Study Semester Learning Design and CAM Teaching Materials had met the criteria suitable for used as a CAM learning device. The results of the effectiveness test showed that the posttest value increased significantly from the pretest value and based on the results of the t-test the average posttest and pretest showed a significant difference.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Implementation of Quality Academic Guidance Services Based on Lokal Wisdom

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      Authors: Roida Lumbantobing, Elvri Teresia Simbolon, Ade Putera Arif Panjaitan, Harisan Boni Firmando, Jupalman Welly Simbolon
      Pages: 1849– - 1849–
      Abstract: This study aims to determine the application of batak cultural values in improving mutu academic guidance services. To get a good quality of service can be achieved through a cultural values approach. The cultural values that will be used in this study are cultural values that exist in the Batak community. This research uses qualitative research methods with the type of case study research. Data collection techniques through interviews, Documentation Observation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Research Results by applying the value of local wisdom: 1. Marnonang, marsirarian, marpollung, in academic guidance activities such as Study Together, Off campuses Assignment, Joint Scientific Meetings, 2. Pantun Hangoluan, Tois Hamagoan in academic guidance through Sport and fun games, Campus Clean Up, Prayer in Turn, 3. Marsiamin aminan songon lambok ni Gaol marsitungkol tungkolan songon suhat in Roberan through Social fun activities, Do Smart to Manage Out Trash, Community Servic.
      The implementation of the quality of academic guidance services based on local wisdom is very good and effectively carried out so that students are more socially sensitive and pay attention to the cultural values that prevail in the surrounding environment and make students wiser in adapting.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Electronic Commerce Between Theory and Application According to Jordanian
           Law

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      Authors: Lana Al khalaileh
      Pages: 1860– - 1860–
      Abstract: Given the current circumstances and the technological advancement witnessed by the world, there has been an increase in the use of electronic commerce by countries, merchants, and consumers alike. The positive impact of this type of commerce on the development and prosperity of the national and international economy is due to the positive benefits enjoyed by consumers, merchants, and countries, such as the speed of completing electronic commercial transactions and the low costs in terms of time and effort. Studies have shown that electronic commerce has had positive effects on the economy of many countries. Despite this, the Jordanian legislator has not provided specific provisions for this type of commerce.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Syntactic Features of the Japanese “-negau” and Korean
           “-himanghada” Sentence

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      Authors: Yong-Il Park
      Pages: 1875– - 1875–
      Abstract: This study examined the syntactic structure and characteristics of the sentence constructions using the Japanese term “-negau” and the corresponding Korean term “-himanghada.” The data for the study were extracted from “Syounagon” a corpus published by Japan’s National Institute of Japanese Language and Linguistics, and the example sentences were modified in a way that did not affect the study. Native Japanese and native Korean speakers assisted in determining the data’s sufficiency. The study’s results are summarized as follows. First, it is observed that the deep structure of the Japanese “-negau” and “-himanghada” sentence constructions are bi-clause structures in nature. These considerations were presented through the semantic domain and the phenomenon of honorific expression. Second, “-negau” and “-himanghada,” sentence constructions with a bi-clause sentence structure exhibit syntactic structures known as control and raising structures, depending on the functional characteristics of the sentence. The phenomenon of meaning interpretation of idiomatic expressions examined such conclusions. Third, the Japanese “-negau” and Korean “-himanghada” sentence constructions exhibit surface-level characteristics of the mono-clause sentence structure. This was suggested through the cleft sentence phenomenon that appears in the “-negau” and “-himanghada” sentence constructions. The results of the study, as described above, can be considered a universal characteristic that can be applied to other hopeful verb phrases found in Japanese and Korean.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Further Improvement of the Institutional Framework to Identify Job
           Positions for Civil Servants in State Administrative Agencies in Vietnam

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      Authors: Nguyen Binh An, Tran Thi Hai Yen
      Pages: 1895– - 1895–
      Abstract: This research analyzes the concept of job positions for civil servants in state administrative agencies. And based on the current situation of job positions for civil servants, the author suggests some solutions to improve the institutional framework for determining job positions for civil servants in Vietnam today.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Educational Regulation Ineffectiveness in Instilling Pancasila Character
           in Reform Era

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      Authors: Fadhil Purnama Adi, I Gusti Ayu Rahmi H A, Hartiwiningsih
      Pages: 1907– - 1907–
      Abstract: This research aims to find out the ineffectiveness of government regulation in preparing the students with Pancasila character in reform era. Socio-legal research method was used by analyzing and describing the factor causing the ineffectiveness of primary legal material with social science and primary legal material aids. The result of research shows the ineffectiveness of educational regulation in instilling Pancasila character during reform era due to three factors: firstly, the aim and objective of the educational regulation not delivered successfully because the regulation often changes leading to the students and the teachers’ lost orientation; secondly, the contradiction between the objective of educational regulation to instill Pancasila character and the people’s aspiration; and thirdly, the less powerful instrument to support the educational regulation to embody Pancasila character. In the future, the decision of MPR (House of Representatives) should be reconstructed to be the law protection for the blueprint of Pancasila character education that is implemented consistently and sustainably by BSKAP and BPIP to embody students and college students.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • A Pragmatic Study of Dysphemism in Steven Berkoff’s Play East

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      Authors: Muhammad Hussain Hamza, Nur Rasyidah binti Mohd. Nordin, Husam Ahmed Abbood
      Pages: 1921– - 1921–
      Abstract: The present study pragmatically explores categories and functions of dysphemisms in Steven Berkoff’s play East. The objective of the paper is to explore the characters’ use of dysphemism; its categories and functions and apply Allan and Burridge’s (2006) classification of dysphemism, Goffman’s (1962) notion of face, and Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of politeness to the play. To gather and examine the text, the researcher adopts a qualitative descriptive approach which involves the researcher himself being the instrument who does everything. The data are taken from the script that is read and re-read to identify the dysphemistic expressions and then coded to be analyzed by using a qualitative discourse analysis method. The results of the paper reveal that all characters use all the categories of dysphemism; insult is the most used followed by profanity and obscenity. In addition, they utilize dysphemism to express hatred, anger, and disrespect, ridicule, and insult each other. Besides, they do not mitigate their expressions and attack each other positive face and the audience’s positive face too. The findings of the study are beneficial to pupils, teachers, writers, journalists, TV producers, footballers, orators, filmmakers, and politicians who are anticipated to be familiar with the dysphemistic terms in order to avoid them and use neutral ones as alternatives.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Costs of Environmental Failure and The Impact of The Green Value Chain
           in Reducing Them

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      Authors: khaleel Radhi Hasan Alzlzly, Manal Jabdar Sorour
      Pages: 1937– - 1937–
      Abstract: The research aims to apply the activities of the green value chain as one of the modern administrative techniques that economic units resort to develop solutions to the pollution problems that occur due to the activity of economic units and their products that may cause damage to the environment as well as the waste of natural resources and to identify the production of environmentally friendly products and reduce the costs of environmental failure of both types Internal and external that may be borne by economic units such as taxes, fines and compensation due to non- observance of environmental requirements and the preservation of human health and protection of the environment.
      To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers relied on the descriptive analytical approach of the theoretical side by relying on Arabic and foreign books, letters, university theses, articles, research and periodicals related to the topic of the research. Engineers and employees of the aforementioned company.
      The study concluded a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is an effect of green value chain activities in reducing the costs of environmental failure if mechanisms and materials that take into account the environment and human health are used by reducing waste and recycling products to preserve the environment and natural resources. In light of these conclusions, many recommendations were reached, the most important of which is that the economic units must apply value chain activities when producing products to obtain environmentally friendly, non- polluting products that do not cause harm to humans and contribute to avoiding economic units from being subjected to fines, taxes and penalties by complying with the requirements Environmental.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Design a Module Integrating Problem Based Learning with Fluid Intelligence
           and Evaluating its Impact on Understanding the Mechanical Energy and
           Machines

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      Authors: Fadel Ali Abdallah Obeidat, Salmiza Saleh, Bilal Fayiz Obeidat
      Pages: 1968– - 1968–
      Abstract: A module was designed and developed that integrates the steps of Problem-based learning (PBL) and fluid intelligence skills (PBL-FI Module), then evaluated its impact on the conceptual understanding (CU) of mechanical energy and machines (MEM) for 6th graders in Jordan. The module was developed using the ADDIE instructional design model, which included five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Ten experts verified reliability, content validity, and educational usability.
      To evaluate the effect of the PBL-FI Module on conceptual understanding, as defined by Wiggins & Mctighe (2002), an inequivalent group quasi-experiment was designed and used, in which the sample was divided into two groups: experimental, which consisted of 47 students that were taught using the PBL-FI module; and the control group, which consists of 48 students that were taught using the traditional method. A pre-and post-test was applied to measure the understanding of MEM in each of the two study groups.
      One-way ANCOVA analysis was performed to compare the two groups, and the results showed the superiority of the PBL-FI module compared to the traditional method in enhancing CU of MEM.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Representation of the Donkey in Ancient Iraq

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      Authors: Fayha’a Kadhim Jahy
      Pages: 1983– - 1983–
      Abstract: The donkey is a mammal animal which has been mentioned in the Sumerian and Akkadian cuneiform writings. The ancient Iraqi people used donkeys for riding and carrying heavy loads, as well as in agriculture and plowing. The positive characteristics of the donkey made it domesticated and used widely by most families who used to possess at least one or more donkeys.
      The donkey was probably domesticated long before the horse and was descended from the wild ass called the onager. The domesticated donkey appeared in artistic forms for the first time in the Ubaid era, where clay samples representing a donkey were found and donkey representations were widely seen on cylinderic seals during the Uruk and Jemdat Nasr eras.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Empirical Study to Measure the impact OF Corporate governance Mechanisms
           on Financial Performance in Listed Government-Owned Companies

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      Authors: Noora Ayoob Mohammed Hassan, Badariah binti Haji Din, Vally Senasi
      Pages: 1994– - 1994–
      Abstract: The idea of the research is to find the relationship between corporate governance, and the financial performance of listed government-owned companies in UAE. the current study is that it will concentrate only on listed government-owned companies in UAE because of the recent corporate frauds and imprisonment and punishment by the courts of UAE. The sample of the study depends upon 60 listed government-owned companies during the period from 2018 to 2022. The results indicate that board independence and board financial experience, Audit committee and duality have a positive impact on the ROA indicator.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Rules Governing Anticipatory Breach of Contract Under the Vienna
           Convention on International Sales

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      Authors: Nasir Albalawee
      Pages: 2023– - 2023–
      Abstract: Following the descriptive analytical approach, this research addresses the rules governing the anticipatory breach of the contract under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (Vienna, 1980) (CISG). The first section of this paper presents the definition of anticipatory breach. The second section introduced the most important options granted to the parties to contract if the principle of anticipatory breach is performed. The problem of the study lies in showing the adequacy of the legal texts governing anticipatory breach under the CISG and an indication of the extent to which the agreement achieves a balance of interests between the contracting parties. The results showed that anticipatory breach is a principle that applies if one party is expected to fail to fulfil his contractual obligations to another party within the due date due to experiencing an economic crisis.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Ancient Egyptian Houses during the Period of the Pharaohs Fayha’a
           Kadhim Jahy

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      Authors: Fayha’a Kadhim Jahy
      Pages: 2033– - 2033–
      Abstract: Concrete evidence showed that civilization in the old Egypt had flourished due to a number of factors, most importantly the geographic factor. Geography had the greatest effect on facilitating the necessary elements to establish a civilized and prosperous state at the political, economic and urban levels. Undoubtedly, the most important element was the Nile River, without which Egypt would have been a desert.
      The Egyptians created the science of geometry and were innovators in building palaces and houses, starting from tablets to building large houses and palaces. Ancient Egyptians used materials that were brought from Canaan. They used plants such as wood and papyrus, as well as clay and stone such as marble and granite. All these factors, in addition to the availability of the workforce, helped in producing artistic constructions for building houses.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Author – Text – Reader: Hermeneutic, Interpretations and Reception
           Theory: Based on the Material of James Joyce “Ulysses”

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      Authors: Haider Hadi Mohammed, Muntadher Ali Mohammed
      Pages: 2042– - 2042–
      Abstract: This article presents the concept of interpretation, hermeneutics, and the reception of the literary text in the consciousness of the reader, which is at the center of the problematic field of literary science. Awareness of the locality of traditional interpretation methodologies leads to the search for other ways of interpreting artistic work. At the present stage of development of literary science, paying attention to the communicative function of literary text, such an interpretive methodology is relevant, which would allow to fully explore the work from the standpoint of an aesthetic dialogue between the author, the text, and the reader. James Joyce's Ulysses represents one of the most complicated works that was written in modern English and world literature and that contributed implicit and explicit interpretation and meaning to the original text.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Analyzing the relationship between banking finance and GDP in Iraq using
           the sectoral flexibilities approach for the period 2015-2021

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      Authors: Mostafa Kazemi Najaf Abadi, Najlah Shamoon Shlaymoon
      Pages: 2065– - 2065–
      Abstract: Study Aim: This research aims to analyze the relationship between bank financing and GDP in Iraq from 2015 to 2021 using the sectoral flexibilities approach. Three variables were selected, including GDP, monetary bank credit, and the Central Bank of Iraq's initiative. The study measured the flexibility of economic sectors towards various forms of credit.
      Method: This study used the sectoral flexibilities approach to examine the correlation between banking finance and GDP in Iraq. It measured the flexibility of oil and non-oil GDP towards various types of credit to assess the impact of monetary credit on Iraq's GDP. Data was collected from the Central Bank of Iraq and other relevant sources, and statistical tools such as regression analysis were employed for the analysis.
      Main Findings: The study found that there is a clear response to monetary credit on the gross domestic product in Iraq. The flexibility of non-oil GDP towards total cash credit, government and private credit, pledge credit, cash credit granted by the sector, and the initiatives of the Central Bank of Iraq was found to be higher compared to the flexibility of oil GDP. The findings suggest that the private sector needs to be given more leeway to increase the effectiveness of its economic activity, which in turn will improve the relationship between bank financing and the domestic product. Main Recommendations: Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that the government of Iraq provide more opportunities for the private sector to increase their participation in the economy.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Influence of China's One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative on National
           Economic Resilience (Case Study of Natuna Island)

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      Authors: R Djoko Andreas Navalino
      Pages: 2092– - 2092–
      Abstract: The One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative combines the 21st-century Silk Road and Maritime Economic Belt. OBOR expects to improve relations between China and neighboring countries to improve economic relations, infrastructure, and connectivity. Through OBOR, Indonesia has not only benefited but also faced various challenges. This study aims to examine and analyze the challenges of the OBOR project faced by Indonesia, especially in the Natuna Islands. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive analysis method. The findings show various challenges Indonesia faces in the economy, infrastructure investment, and defense and security. Therefore, researchers consider that this study needs to be continued with further research related to the strategy and explore the Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime OBOR in the Natuna Islands, Indonesia.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Human Resource Accounting Toward Human Welfare

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      Authors: Aryo Prakoso, Iwan Triyuwono, Lilik Purwanti, Roekhudin
      Pages: 2112– - 2112–
      Abstract: Objective: The debate on human resource accounting is still ongoing, namely in particular the accounting treatment on the recognition of all human resource expenditures, whether recognized as an expense or an asset. As the company’s driving force, humans have an important role but are recognized as an expense in the financial statements. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an alternative model in human resource accounting.
      Design: This study was structured to build a human resource accounting model by synthesizing the biological asset concept in recognition and measurement. It also used Homo religious analysis to clarify the nature and treatment of human resource accounting.
      Finding: The concept of human resource accounting was compiled through the growth, production, degeneration, and procreation cycle. Human resource accounting based on homo economicus is far from human values. It only touches on material but not other aspects of human welfare. Additionally, the value was added by synthesizing homo religious as a model for developing human resource accounting. This value complements the position of human resource accounting to cover the aporetic problems between humans, accounting, and God.
      Theoretical and practical implications: First, human resource accounting is structured based on its characteristics, recognition, and measurement through several stages. This is expected to explain the position of human resources as a burden or an asset. Furthermore, the structuring should have a materialistic economic motive and must be based on God's law in achieving human welfare. Second, it is important to treat human resources by aligning the soul, nature, and God as a manifestation of added value. This aims to balance human resources and the company and be reported in financial statements narratively.
      Originality: This study referred to the post-secular religious currents to contribute to critical and interdisciplinary awareness in accounting. It aimed to complete human resource accounting development by tracing humans as homo religious.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Correlation Among University-Industry Collaboration (Uic) Predictors:
           The Results of Innovation Collaboration and University Performance

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      Authors: Emiliana Sri Pudjiarti, Edy Lisdiyono, Rini Werdiningsih
      Pages: 2128– - 2128–
      Abstract: This piece of writing reveals how the factors influencing university-industry collaborations referred to as predictors in the text affect the results. Specifically, it looks at data collected from Indonesia's private universities and analyzes their results using a partial least squares structural equation model. The findings showed that research done at schools collaborating with industry sectors produced higher academic performance. “Finding ways to collaborate with other stakeholders outside the university, such as research institutions, competitors, customers and suppliers, led to more innovative ideas. This was due to universities being able to work with these groups to better enhance their ability to collaborate and create competitive advantages. Combining skills in research and development with innovation allows students to learn how to interact with the workforce while also increasing their understanding of science and math. Working alongside people with different life experiences, interests and perspectives helps students create more creative ideas.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Psychological Study of the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Students:
           The Effect of Empathy and Resilience on Policy Acceptances and its
           Implications on Compliance

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      Authors: Anizar Rahayu, Ida Damayanti, Rosleny Marliani
      Pages: 2147– - 2147–
      Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about fundamental changes to the way people live their daily activities. This condition makes certain institutions, especially universities, follow pandemic policies by limiting activities on campus and carrying out online learning. Students must experience a difficult situation with these conditions. This study seeks to examine how the influence of student empathy and resilience in the city of Jakarta on the acceptance of government policies that have implications for compliance. This study involved 641,047 respondents from over 288 universities, using descriptive and verification analysis methods with structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis methods. The results of the study indicate that empathy and resilience have a positive and significant impact on policy acceptance which also has a positive and significant impact on compliance. These results confirm that the adherence of students who represent the academic community to the rules and policies set by the government is an important capital needed to effectively deal with the Covid-19 Pandemic.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The density of the rich meaning and the ease of formulations in the words
           of wisdom texts of Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) The knowledge words
           of wisdom as a model

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      Authors: Asma Lazim okab, Amir Moqaddam Mottaqi, Faramarz Mirzaei, Zina Kazem Mohsen
      Pages: 2157– - 2157–
      Abstract: The critics evaluated the speeches of the preachers and indicated their weaknesses and strengths based on an important critical criterion, which is that “the best speech is that which is too little to dispense you with a lot.” Accordingly, this research intends to study the words of wisdom texts on the concept of knowledge of Imam al-Baqir Muhammad ibn Ali (pbuh), to show the rich meanings and easy verbal formulation in them, through the relationship of grammatical functions and linking them to semantic functions in examples of them.
      The importance of the research is represented by showing the outstanding knowledge and cognitive effort of the imam in his wisdom related to knowledge, due to his status (pbuh), as the founder of the knowledge school, in promoting the culture of knowledge effort in his era.
      The method in this research is descriptive and analytical. It relies on the tools of deduction, interpretation and accuracy to clarify the intended meaning of the grammatical significance that corresponds to those words and the grammatical formulation according to the opinions of grammarians.
      The most important findings of the research are that the Qur’anic vision is clear in the methods of ruling the Imam (pbuh) and its meanings, and that he (pbuh) chose uncomplicated linguistic methods that are known to the general public, and he used more than the use of short phrases and the use of the imperative and conditional methods to urge learning and abundance Questioning and relying on the principle of cause and effect, which is consistent with urging science and taking its causes.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • A Guideline of Fuel Oil Saving in Manufacturing Sector of Thailand

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      Authors: Saranee Simprasert, Nathasa Theanruechai, Sunee Wantanakomol
      Pages: 2186– - 2186–
      Abstract: Fuel oil is the primary fuel used in Thailand's manufacturing sector. Currently, the use of fuel oil is steadily increasing, and the world's oil reserves are slowly depleting. Therefore, the Thai manufacturing sector needs to adapt to this situation. The purpose of this research is to investigate possible strategies for fuel oil savings in the manufacturing sector of Thailand by looking at different types of factory sizes. Qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews with nine experts to create tools for quantitative research. A focus group discussion of 11 experts was conducted to reach a consensus on the model of this research, and qualitative research methods were used when analyzing five-hundred factories. The results showed that a strategy for fuel oil saving in the manufacturing sector of Thailand aimed to achieve sustainability encompassing four factors. 1) Innovation and Technology (X ̅= 4.65); an essential item was "Using Smart Plant technology to control fuel oil properly. 2) Organization System (X ̅= 4.64); the most important item was "Annual budget allocation for investment expenses for energy conservation and oil energy management. 3) Eco-efficiency (X ̅ = 4.61): The most important item was the installation of a solar rooftop on the factory roof for lighting systems. 4) Mindset (X ̅= 4.60). The most important item was encouraging personnel to participate in the formulation of fuel-oil-saving measures. The hypothesis testing revealed that differences in the number of personnel in the organization between "less than 200 people" and "greater than or equal to 200 people" revealed overall aspects significantly different at the level of 0.05. An analysis of the structural equation model showed that the results passed the assessment criteria using empirical data. The Chi-square Probability Level (CMIN-p) was 0.064, and the relative chi-square (CMIN/DF) was 1.134. The Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) was 0.954. The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.016.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Students’ sociocultural factors related to violence among Jordanian
           high school students

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      Authors: Abd Al-Ra’ouf Ahmad Ayesh Bani issa
      Pages: 2200– - 2200–
      Abstract: This study aimed to identify the Sociocultural factors (student personal factors, factors related to the family, and factors related to community) that are related to the phenomenon of school violence among high school students in Irbid and Bani Obaid district in north of Jordan, the sample consisted of (312) male and female students who are registered in the academic year 2022/2023. A self-reported Questionnaire was distributed using Google forms using snow ball sampling method, data collected From October 2022 to the end of November 2022.
      The questionnaire was designed and modified by researcher, included ( 30 ) paragraphs containing the factors related to school violence, divided into three areas; The first field: student Personal factors and contains (9) paragraphs, and the second field: factors related to family, and contains (10) paragraphs, and the third field: factors related to community, and contains (11) paragraphs. The results showed that the “student personal factors” came in the first place as the highest related factor to scool violence (M=3.86, SD=0.82), and the factors related to Family came in the second place (M=3.69, SD=0.77 ), and in the last place the factors related to the community mean of (M=3.32, SD= 0.67) was moderately related to school violence. In recommendation: a diverse educational environment, and increasing school activities, and increase participation of parents in evaluating and correcting students who are involved in violent practices to reduce school violence.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Specialized fitness trainer business mix for the elderly in Thailand

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      Authors: Smita Julakate, Thirawut Saengmaneedech, Wichean Singmai
      Pages: 2214– - 2214–
      Abstract: This research aims to 1. To study the exercise behavior of the elderly in Thailand. 2. To study the relationship between personal factors and the marketing mix of a specialized fitness trainer business for the elderly in Thailand and 3. To study the marketing mix of a specialized fitness trainer business for the elderly in Thailand. Sample selection by hierarchical random sampling (Stratified sampling) according to the proportion of population in each region get all samples 400 people. Tools used for research was a questionnaire. Statistics used were percentages Mean and Frequency. The results showed that the elderly use fitness services for exercise. 1–3time day per week 42.6 percentage and exercise 1-2 hours per time 60.4 percentage. Frequency of using fitness services in 1 month ago is More 7 times, calculated as an 84.5 percentage. And a way to know information about using fitness services from online media such as Facebook 56.3 percent. The ingredients for a specialized fitness trainer business for the elderly in the country are overlooked every time. The relationship between personal factors and the marketing mix of specialized fitness trainers for the elderly in Thailand depending on age. education level, occupation, and average monthly income.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT CAREER SKILLS MODEL FOR
           SECONDARY SCHOOL UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE BASIC EDUCATION COMMISSION

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      Authors: Sorrachha Srisuwan, Suchada Bubpha, Chatjariya Bailee
      Pages: 2225– - 2225–
      Abstract: The purposes of this research were 1) to study the components of educational management career skills model for secondary school under The Office of The Basic Education Commission, 2) to develop the model of educational management career skills model for secondary school under The Office of The Basic Education Commission, 3) to evaluate the model of educational management career skills model for secondary school under The Office of The Basic Education Commission. The study used a research and development: R&D design consisting of 3 phases. Phase 1: study the documents, textbooks and theories as well as semi-structured interviews with 9 experts and survey study by 310 participants. Phase 2: construct and develop a model by in-depth interview and focus group discussion by 18 experts. Phase 3: school experimental and evaluate by 9 experts.
      Results
      1. There were 6 main components of educational management career skills model for Secondary School under The Office of The Basic Education Commission; problem solving skill, process skill, participation and human skill, Inquiry skill, management skill and communication skill.
      2. The model of educational management career skills model for Secondary School under The Office of The Basic Education Commission consists of 4 components; input, output, process and condition of achievement.
      3. The evaluation of the model in 4 aspects; accuracy propriety, feasibility and utility were at the highest level in all aspects.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Among the Japanese Personal Pronoun Anata, The Javanese Ethnic Personal
           Name, and Interactive Communicative Approach

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      Authors: Ely Triasih Rahayu, Safrina Arifiani, Gita Anggria Resticka, Hartati, Roch Widjatini
      Pages: 2238– - 2238–
      Abstract: This study is different from other naming studies since this study examines the collaboration of naming science with foreign language teaching. Respondents are Japanese language learners in the city of Purwokerto. There are 1736 Japanese language learners in high schools and universities in the city of Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia where most of the people in this city use Javanese as their mother language. Of the 1736 questionnaires distributed through schools and universities, 58% (1007) of respondents filled out the questionnaire. The conducted survey shows that 81% of students prefer to be addressed by their proper name and end with ~san than by second-person pronouns (O2) in Japanese, that is anata. On the contrary, 18% of students who have Javanese ethnic names prefer to be addressed anata. Javanese ethnic students prefer to be addressed by the last syllable of their name and end with ~san. Addressing students' names is a way to create a communicative interaction and motivate students in the teaching-learning process.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Income Generation Through Online Marketing After the COVID-19 Crisis in
           Community Enterprise, Wicker Products, and Souvenirs

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      Authors: Madaoh Sulong, Krit Jarinto, Krisada Chienwattanasook
      Pages: 2253– - 2253–
      Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has severely impacted businesses worldwide. Therefore, business management needs to be adjusted following customers’ behavior who increasingly turn to online shopping. This behavior has resulted in commerce being driven by technology. Therefore, it is not easy for local community enterprises that are far away from civilization centers. Thus, this research’s objective was to train and consult community enterprise groups to create content on products in the community. This action research studied 25 groups of entrepreneurs selected explicitly from potential community enterprises. The research process began with e-commerce knowledge workshops and personalized consultations by marketing and information technology experts. Subsequently, the database of community enterprises was developed into an electronic form, and the final step was to disseminate and publicize online media. The study found that most community enterprises were able to create awareness among consumers through online media and sell products produced in the community through online channels, resulting in more customers and sales. But this research still found fundamental problems and obstacles, namely, the knowledge base of the members who gathered as a community enterprise group, making it extremely difficult and challenging to change the sales model on the online platform. Additionally, the relationship arising from the merger was not a registered business, so there were problems with member cohesion and income incentives that made the group’s strength insufficient.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Adaptation and Language Responsibility in the Digital Age Media

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      Authors: Nanda Saputra, Zulfiah Larisu, Didi Sudrajat, Tirto Suwondo, Dian Luthfiyati, Dina Destari, Andiyan Andiyan
      Pages: 2271– - 2271–
      Abstract: The COVID-19 epidemic generates two extremes: fear and apathy. In the middle of an ongoing epidemic, the two extreme poles demand mass communication that can bridge the gap between government policies and the optimistic attitude of the population. In truth, the Indonesian government's selection of a mass communication medium seems to have been a mistake. The administration prefers to use influencers over traditional mass media. In the middle of the growth of the contemporary age of digital transformation and democracy, digital players as major opinion leaders are crucial actors in networked societies. The research approach used is qualitative, specifically the phenomenological research method, which refers to study on how the researcher interprets the significance of an event, which usually contradicts how the event really transpired. is beyond our comprehension. Consequently, this study approach aims to comprehend how a group of individuals experience a situation. The use of influencers and mainstream media as a significant government tool for public communication, particularly to establish faith in the COVID-19 response strategy. The author claims that mass media are more reliable, responsible, and influential in their message dissemination than influencers. This connection will boost the legitimacy of the mass media and strengthen scientific communication with the public domain, particularly with regard to the management of fear during a pandemic based on scientific authority. Examining mass media literature in the middle of the emergence of new media based on the premise of "magic bullets" and "syringes" to explain the aforementioned viewpoint. This report then examines the present administration's decision to use influencers while ignoring the role of mainstream media. By recognizing the significance of connecting the mainstream media with research institutions, we can strengthen public communication and science-based policies between government and scientific institutions, as well as the public's interest in gaining access to information based on scientific authorities.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Pareidolia reflection in graphic design

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      Authors: Bushra Mohsin Yasir, Maysaa Kareem Hasan, Asmaa Abbas Lafta, Ammar Azzawi
      Pages: 2286– - 2286–
      Abstract: The presented research sheds light on the topic of breidolia and the reflection of its intellectual vision on the formation of new formal patterns that the designer can employ in graphic design. it is consedered an art that enters various fields of life and is directly related to its accelerating reality. It is an art that reflects different fields that affect and affected by the recipient. The breidolia phenomenon has a role in crystallizing visual perceptual skills in seeing new formal patterns derived from activating this perception, stimulating the imagination with its mental images.The transforming the illusion achieved from visual images, which may be confused and irregular, into new perceptible forms that achieve visual communication with the recipient. This reflects the goal of Completed graphic design idea.This is what the research seeks to achieve its goal represented in revealing the phenomenon of (pareidolia) and its reflection on graphic design, which came out with a set of results. Most notably that in the variations of graphic designs, the designer employs formal patterns that are not clear and vague to the recipient. That understanding for these patterns is interpreted through The phenomenon of (pareidolia). It helps in determining the effects of these formal designs on the various levels of awareness and perception, which contributes to showing how to interact with the new visual form, and to what extent the change in its form does not affect the meaning and content of the graphic design and the understanding of the content of its design idea.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Critics on Independent Learning-Independent Campus (ILIC) Program:
           Academic Society’s response to Government’s Policy in Islamic Higher
           Education

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      Authors: Dian; M.Ag
      Pages: 2300– - 2300–
      Abstract: Independent Learning-Independent Campus (ILIC) policy issued by Indonesian Government in 2022. This study used a mixed method to examines the response of academic society at Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University, Bandung. Data sources comprised survey results (quantitative) and interviews (qualitative) to examines the acceptance of the ILIC policy in Islamic higher education. There were 240 lecturers were involved. Descriptive and verification analysis methods with frequency statistics were used to examine the acceptance of the ILIC policy. The results show that academics at Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University, Bandung have positive and negative attitudes toward the ILIC policy. The factors that play the most role in the acceptance of the ILIC policy are related to the benefits, clarity, and impact of the ILIC policy. The results of the interviews showed that research informants could accept the ILIC policy to be implemented in higher education institutions. However, there are several important notes to note regarding the implementation of the ILIC policy in Islamic higher educations.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • LITERATURE REVIEW: RISK-BASED PERFORMANCE AUDIT FRAMEWORK

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      Authors: Rudi Irwanto Hamonangan Sinaga, Noer Azam Azchsani, Idqan Fahmi, Chandra Wijaya
      Pages: 2318– - 2318–
      Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of risk-based performance audit coverage criteria on company value. Considering the areas for improvement identified by The Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK RI) in conducting performance audits and audit risk management. As a statistical strategy, the VOS Viewer method emphasized better-designed studies and organized their results to form a composite picture of the state of the knowledge on the problem or topic being reviewed. According to the findings of the analysis, Until 2020, the majority of BPK's audits of SOE consists of compliance audits compared to performance audits. According to the 2019 Peer Review Report, BPK has encountered the same difficulties in conducting performance audits over the past fifteen years. Therefore, reviewers suggest that implementing risk-based audits is a solution. The novel aspect of this study is to develop a complete risk-based performance audit framework through a literature review, revealing the framework for risk-based performance audits that highlights the relationship between risk management and risk assessment by internal auditors on performance audits and firm value.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • SENSEMAKING CAPABILITY AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL ARRANGEMENT IN REINFORCING
           SMEs’ RESILIENCE

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      Authors: Asputia Damayanti, Andreo Wahyudi Atmoko
      Pages: 2341– - 2341–
      Abstract: Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the key factors of SME’s resilience after Covid-19 pandemic.
      Theoretical framework: Recent literature of sensemaking has shown its impact on the organization’s action and decision making as it designed to deal with the uncertainty and ambiguity limiting SME competition (Wahyudi, 2018). The SMEs environment becomes an open and social system consisting of various interrelated and influencing aspects called technology that use certain methods to produce outputs. Therefore, it is difficult to separate the social system from the technical aspect.
      Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a systematic review and description to identify, evaluate and synthesize the developed knowledge. Literature sources used are in the form of papers related to SMEs, sensemaking, social, and technical systems published between 2011-2022.
      Findings: COVID-19 greatly affects and creates uncertainty in the world's economy, specifically for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This condition causes SMEs to maintain their existence in a complex environment. Organization needs to adapt to and integrate external conditions by empowering their sustainable resources. To capture business complexity, organizations need to develop sensemaking abilities to obtain a unity of knowledge and vision for socio-technical systems that optimize sustainable resources. Sensemaking ability and socio-technical arrangement tend to strengthen SMEs' resilience after the pandemic.
      Research, Practical & Social Implication: The sensemaking approach needs to be used as a cognitive framework to create knowledge that SMEs can use in a changing environment. This approach is required to be a guide for decision-making and organizational action because it integrates individual behavior through the interpretation of information and knowledge. Further research and study related to sensemaking capabilities and its impact on organization, shall be highlighted for organizational development.
      Originality/value: This research develops a model that integrates the sensemaking process in the socio-technical and environmental systems called the Sensemaking Socio-technical Arrangement (SSA) to answer SMEs' resilience. The method shows that this process tends to affect the resilience after the pandemic.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Impact of Digital Leadership on Strategic Recovery / Field Research in
           Rafidain Bank

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      Authors: Kadhim Jawad Jassim, Salah Al-Din Awwad Al-Kubaisi
      Pages: 2355– - 2355–
      Abstract: The research aims to determine the level of the main variables in the researched organization and test the impact of the relationship between digital leadership in promoting strategic recovery and in order to achieve this, the dimensions of digital leadership were adopted (visionary leadership, digital learning culture, professional development, comprehensive methodological improvement, digital citizenship), while the dimensions of strategic recovery were adopted (speed, apology, compensation, explanation and clarification, empowerment), and (Rafidain Bank) was chosen to test this research, which is one of the ancient Iraqi banks that It provides a range of banking services to a wide segment of society, and the questionnaire was adopted according to the Lekrth five-point scale as a tool for collecting information, as the research sample included (133) managers of departments and branches in Baghdad and the provinces, in addition to that, after evaluating and testing the validity and stability of the research measurement tools, the data was analyzed as the data was used Natural and confirmatory factor analysis The hypotheses were tested using appropriate statistical tools such as the arithmetic mean and standard deviation to measure the level of variables and the correlation coefficient to test the relationships between variables and regression analysis using structural equation modeling and path analysis, and one of the most important conclusions reached by the research is that digital leadership has an effective and moral impact in promoting strategic recovery, which contributes to ensuring the continuity and sustainability of organizations.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The aesthetics of hybridization in contemporary art and its reflection on
           the output of fine arts education students

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      Authors: Alham Abd Al Saheb, Akhlas Yas Khudhair
      Pages: 2373– - 2373–
      Abstract: The intersection of contemporary art's hybridization aesthetics and its impact on the output of fine arts education students is a crucial topic in both theoretical and practical academic research. Drawing, as a form of art in Iraq, has a rich history and cultural significance, making it one of the most prominent genres in both contemporary and ancient Iraqi art. Due to its historical roots and unique status, drawing has been continuously refined and developed through the incorporation of various contemporary aesthetics. The research framework encompasses the research problem, the rationale for conducting the study, and the significance of investigating the aesthetics of hybridization in contemporary art and its impact on the work produced by fine arts education students, as well as the benefits that could be derived from this inquiry. The objective of this study is to examine the current aesthetics of hybridization, the mechanisms that underlie them, and their influence on the artistic output of students enrolled in fine arts education programs, while defining and clarifying key concepts.
      The theoretical framework of the study comprises two main areas of inquiry: first, a historical overview of contemporary Iraqi drawing, its origins, and early development; second, the aesthetics of hybridization in contemporary art. The research procedures employed included selecting a research community and sample, which consisted of three official drawing works. The findings and conclusions of the study are as follows:
      1. The aesthetics appeared strongly in all outputs of fine arts education students in all samples.
      2. The student relied on their imagination and produced new drawing compositions.
      3. There is a lack of textbooks on the subject of drawing aesthetics for teaching fine arts education students.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Image of the Child in Jordanian Cinema: A Semiotic Study of
           "Theeb"

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      Authors: Ahmad Mohammad alfaleh, Abeer Mojalli Abu Dayyeh, Margo Atallah Rezgallah, Emran Mohamad Ali Al Qudah
      Pages: 2391– - 2391–
      Abstract: This research shows the image of the child in the Jordanian cinema. The study sample consisted is the semiotic analysis of the cinematic film "Theeb", where the researcher worked on analyzing four scenes (Master scene) from the film: the longest daytime scene, the longest night scene, the shortest daytime scene, and the shortest night scene, and analyze them semiologically. The researchers used Roland Barthes's theory of semiotic analysis. Roland Barthes divides the visual message into two parts, the "iconic message" which includes two connotations (designative and applied connotation) and the "linguistic message" (structural function and approach).
      The results indicated that the term child image in Jordanian and Arab cinema is a newly established term. Many individual initiatives have emerged that presented the image of the child in films and series. In general, the image of the child in the cinema has disappeared with the project to promote the child's dreams and what he aspires to in the future.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Dismissing The Judicial Claim In The Administrative Lawsuit

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      Authors: Alaa Foaud Salam, Saab Naji Aboud
      Pages: 2411– - 2411–
      Abstract: A lawsuit must be filed with the appropriate administrative court once a party complains to the issuing authority about the relevant judgment in a judicial dispute in general and an administrative one in particular. This is in order to litigate for the purpose of removing the harms it caused after alerting it of its behavior that caused the harm through a complaint, so that an action can be reviewed without dispute. The judge detects the dispute and gives his judgment according to the evidence to establish the right and the dispute is between. However, there are cases that may cause the end of the dispute between the parties with their consent or because of mistakes issued by them. This may cause the dispute to be substantively or formally resolved, permanently or temporarily, without issuing a judgment on the matter. Some of its reasons are a final solution to the dispute between them, and others are a reason to re-file the lawsuit proceedings again.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Psychological defence mechanisms in escaping towards violence in Abbasi
           poetry

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      Authors: Ikram Ali Flefil, Abdulhussein Abdulridha Awaj
      Pages: 2428– - 2428–
      Abstract: The difficult and simmering conflict between the reality and the higher ego (conscience) imposes on the emerging ego a neutral guiding role by giving each party what it seeks; engaging in the fulfilment of wishes and maintaining himself under the control of the higher ego through a range of mechanisms known as psychological defence mechanisms, which in turn provide the inner psychologist with shipments of temporary psychological comfort and reduce the level of fear and anxiety generated by the danger attached thereto. The study and research will monitor those psychological gestures to which the self-reliant may be a smuggler from the currents of violence pursued and indulged in living well. The equation is upended and violence is directed at the self-help itself, to be a self-suppressor and a deferant. In order to gain the other's affection to achieve what they want, or through another mechanics (The destructive style). it is more violent because it is based on the uprooting of the other and the termination of his existential file in order to achieve self-victories and a sense of temporal pleasure that reveals the collapse of the psychological system of the self-destructive. Automated matching is to muzzle the voice of oneself and fusion with the group of intellectually heterogeneous and stylistically contrary in order to obtain favor and acceptance.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The role of the United Nations in maintaining global security after the
           Ukrainian war

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      Authors: Abbas Sadoon Refat
      Pages: 2448– - 2448–
      Abstract: The research deals with the problem of categories with problems in global security, the Ukrainian war, unified dispersion, international variables, the research aims at global variables affecting security, how the Ukrainian war affected security, and the tasks undertaken by nations in order to achieve global security, also, the importance of research on this topic, as it confirms the importance of the global organization, and its roles, in achieving global security, the important result of the research is related to the fact that the United Nations is finding itself facing great burdens, and that the global security variables have become multiple.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Art wisdom's culture and language (linguistics viability) may be
           experienced in the setia darma mask and puppet house in kemenuh village of
           Indonesia

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      Authors: I Wayan Parwata, Nanda Saputra, Ayoeningsih Dyah Woelandhary, Izzah Izzah, Hiswanti Hiswanti, Asep Nurjamin, Andiyan Andiyan
      Pages: 2468– - 2468–
      Abstract: The House of Masks and Puppets Setia Darma (RTWSD) which is situated in Banjar Tengkulak Tengah, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province, preserves tens of thousands of masks and puppets from Indonesia and other regions, including Asia and Africa. RTWSD was constructed on a 1.4-hectare plot using Balinese architectural concepts. Additional traditional structures include joglo, bend lulang, and limasan. The lovely ambiance of this mansion with its tropical gardens, rice farms, and grasslands. In high demand among cultural researchers are ethnographic research paradigms, because ethnography can provide not just a comprehensive study of culture, but also novel cultural discoveries. A cultural observer and businessman founded RTWSD in 2006. Its mission is the preservation of education, enjoyment, and the growth of the mask and puppet arts. Within seven years, he amassed an assortment of masks and puppets. RTWSD has documented 1200 masks from Indonesia, Africa, and Japan, in addition to 4,700 puppets from Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Cambodia. At least these youngsters are aware of the art, language and culture. Because of patience, loyalty, and filial piety, masks, and wayang are created, and subsequently, cultural values and linguistics viability are respected.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The semiotics of the body in shaping the scenography space of the
           contemporary Iraqi theatrical performance

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      Authors: Mohammad Ali Kazem
      Pages: 2484– - 2484–
      Abstract: In its work, semiotics is linked to the rule of the existence of a sender, a receiver, and a code that is subject to the limits of law, controls, and the process of sending and receiving. Transforming constructivism during the presentation, the actor with his movements that he performs and that changes from one moment to another is capable of producing a set of signs and signs that are capable of development and the production of different meanings through the process of stability and consolidation of the signal, which works to give the form different meanings.
      The methodological framework and content: The research problem: It resulted in the following question: Can the actor's body be able to build a semiotic system through its performance relationship with the scenography elements'
      The importance of research and the need for it, the aim of the research, the limits of the research:
      Definition of terms: The researcher touched on defining the following terms: semiotics, the body, the semiotics of the body, space.
      Theoretical framework: The first topic: the semiotics of the body, and the second topic came: the scenography space, and concluded with the results of the theoretical framework in terms of indicators.
      Research procedures: the research community, the research sample, the research tool, the research methodology, and then the analysis of the research sample, which was represented by an oil slick play.
      Chapter Four: Results, conclusions, and a list of research sources and reviews
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Analysis of the educational values in the play Chrysanthemum Flower
           directed for children

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      Authors: Sadiq Wali Salman, Hussein Ali Harf
      Pages: 2500– - 2500–
      Abstract: This research was devoted to studying the of the theatrical impact performance presented in the Children's Theater in the play chrysanthemum flower on children educational values. The researchers adopted the descriptive-analytical design as a methodological framework for building the research procedures to achieve the research objective. An analysis form consisted of 15 items representing aesthetic and educational values as mentioned in the indicators of the theoretical framework. Findings showed that the play chrysanthemum flower revealed some aesthetic and educational values. Findings also revealed that the theatrical texts were characterized by simplicity, clarity, imagination, and sequence of events, in order to communicate the writer's goal to the recipient, as it appeared in the previous samples. The educational values have an influential presence in the texts of Saadoun Al-Obeidi, specifically the texts that address the child. It is recommended organizing specialized educational courses by specialists to spread cultural awareness of the mechanisms of writing a theatrical text directed to children for amateur writers.
      PubDate: 2023-05-16
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Silence between reception and delivery in the performance of the Iraqi
           actor

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      Authors: Alaa Hussein Ali
      Pages: 2517– - 2517–
      Abstract: This research studies the effect of silence in communicating the dramatic and expressive dimensions in the actor's performance. The dialogue given by the actor is the bearer of all thoughts, topics and feelings, but there are moments of silence in the dialogue that may be more important than the spoken dialogue sometimes. Therefore, the researcher decided to delve into this study, which she divided into the following: The introduction, which included the problem of the research, its importance, and the aim of the research, after which the researcher defined the research terms procedurally.
      As for the theoretical framework, it included two sections: the first topic (silence in the theater) in which the researcher dealt with the types of silence in the theatrical performance, while the second topic (functions of silence in Receipt and delivery) in which the researcher separated the functions that can be explained through silence in the performance of the actor.
      As for the research procedures, the researcher analyzed the performance of the play (Democratic East Disease) After analyzing the sample, the researcher came out with a set of results, including: It is not possible to understand the topics and ideas except through pauses of silence determined by the representative during the dialogue and in the delivery and reception.
      Then the recommendations, proposals and an English summary of the research.

      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Tax Provisions on Economic Activity -Under the Saudi tax systems-

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      Authors: Saad Abdulqader S Aljamil
      Pages: 2529– - 2529–
      Abstract: The study aimed to identify the nature of taxes under the Saudi income tax system and its importance to stand on the provisions of the value-added tax on economic activity under the electronic billing regulation. Only, unlike the tax laws in most countries, he did not address the case of a Saudi who performs his job duties abroad and gets his income from the Saudi treasury. Paying zakat.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Translating and Relativity within Cognitive Stylistics Perspective

    • Free pre-print version: Loading...

      Authors: Maawa S. Abed, Mohamed N. Ahmed
      Pages: 2544– - 2544–
      Abstract: This paper intends to investigate the process of translating through shedding light on the relative thinking within cognitive stylistics perspective. In a method of seeing how to understand the world and that by a process of mental representation the language is conceived. Mental representations through which people communicate is established on the language they employ, the mental representations of people involve their knowledge, and their previous experience. Having analyzed translations of Hawking’s book “a brief history of time” 1988, relying on two Arabic translations. The paper concludes that translators differ in their manifestations of language in terms of the linguistic capacities, non-linguistic cognitive abilities, and of the communicative functions.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The orphan in the Qur’an, a study in the narrations of the causes of
           revelation in Ibn Hajar’s book “Al-Ajab fi Bayan al-Asbab” as a
           model

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      Authors: Iman Hassan Magisser Al-Saadi
      Pages: 2556– - 2556–
      Abstract: The research tagged (The orphan in the Qur’an, a study in the narrations of the causes of revelation in the book Al-Ajab fi Bayan al-Asbab by Ibn Hajar as a model) sheds light on the narrations contained in this book, specifically in the orphan, which are mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, which is considered one of the important social issues that affect the Muslim’s belief, given the stinginess of the subject, the study was limited to the orphan in Surat Al-Baqarah and Al-Nisa’a. Also, only the narrations contained in the reason for the revelation of the Qur’anic verse were addressed and studied to determine the extent of its validity, and whether the verse was actually revealed in this event or not, and due to the occurrence of the word orphan in a number of verses (the cow and the women), which was not - the orphan - a reason for its revelation, so it was referred to without mentioning the narrations. The analytical approach was adopted in this study, by analyzing the narrations and criticizing them as support and text to find out the extent of their authenticity.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The transformations of the genres of art with the effectiveness of the
           paradigm, the performance art as a model

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      Authors: Mohammad Abbas Fadel, Mohammad Glubb Al-Kinani
      Pages: 2587– - 2587–
      Abstract: I dealt with the problem of tagged research (transformations of art genres with the effectiveness of paradigm / performance art as a model), where the research problem was to ask the following question: What are the transformations of art genres with the effectiveness of paradigm / performance art as a model' While its importance and need for it are: It contributes to supplying the educational system with some information that may be a new addition in this field. It will contribute to clarifying and studying the transformations of the genres of art, where performance art is a model for it. While the aim of the research was to identify the transformations of the art genres with the effectiveness of the paradigm / performance art as a model, while the objective limits of the research were: the transformations of the art genres with the effectiveness of the paradigm / performance art as a model) As for the spatial boundaries: America, Europe and the Middle East. And temporal borders: 1960-2023.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • BEYOND RHETORIC: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF SOCIAL JUSTICE THEORY IN
           DEVELOPMENT

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      Authors: Agus Prihartono P.S, Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar, Sri Nanang Meiske Kamba, Yudi nur Supriadi, Nur Mohamad Kasim, Apripari, Belardo Prasetya Mega Jaya
      Pages: 2601– - 2601–
      Abstract: This study explores the historical development of Social Justice Theory and its relevance in the context of development planning. The research adopts a descriptive narrative method to trace the evolution of the theory from ancient Greek philosophers to contemporary thinkers. Social justice is defined as a framework for political goals that promote equality of outcome and treatment, recognizing the worth and dignity of all individuals and fostering participation, particularly among the most disadvantaged.
      The study finds that Social Justice Theory has undergone significant transformations over time, from the distributive approach of Rawls and Craig to the more recent focus on community rights and development impacts, as advocated by Fraser. However, the scope of social justice theory has become increasingly broad, encompassing issues such as land distribution, housing, and economic development policies. This has led to debates about the viability of social justice as the primary parameter for development, as other factors such as economic growth and efficiency may also be prioritized.
      Overall, the study highlights the ongoing relevance of Social Justice Theory in development planning, particularly in ensuring that policies and practices promote equality and justice for all. However, it also underscores the need for critical examination of the theory's practical implications, particularly in light of its broad scope and potential conflicts with other development priorities.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • How the Media Constructs Namibian Tourism as Escapism for Global Traveler
           in Post-Pandemic Era

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      Authors: Bramantio, Rima Firdaus, Nadya Afdholy
      Pages: 2618– - 2618–
      Abstract: The Namibian tourism industry is gradually recovering from the pandemic's impact following the end of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2021. One of the things that is suspected to be a tourism booster is media information. This paper discussesthe construction of Namibian tourism in the Post-Pandemic Era by the media of the Namibia. This research selected the data sample from a website titled “Namibia Endless Horizons” which can be accessed through the official website address visitnambia.com.ina and used Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The result of the analysis, the media does not just convey information but at the same time constructs reality. The reality in this case is tourism in Namibia and the tagline that represents Namibia's image and identity to tourists. Although it is unavoidable that the identity and image of Africa through Liberating, Soul, Rugged, and Natural is to change the stigma that has always been associated with the continent. Namibia's "vastness", on the other hand, offers to unravel the saturation caused by stagnation caused by global pandemics in the last two years or so. Namibia is an escapism for global travelers.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Making sense of leadership communication in organizational change: A
           literature review

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      Authors: Yudie Aprianto, Wahyudi Kumorotomo, Rajiyem
      Pages: 2643– - 2643–
      Abstract: Leaders need to manage changes in their organization through communication. However, there is a lack of understanding of how leaders communicate and establish changes through communication. Using the perspective of sensemaking, this article provides a literature review assessing how leaders make sense of organizational change through communication. The reviewed studies showed that leaders across the hierarchy redefine the change and their role during the organizational change. Specifically, sensemaking at the top level can affect the meaning of change at the lower level, which has implications for overall organizational change. In general, the leaders redefine their role as a facilitator in implementing the change. However, higher-level leaders tend to focus on initiating change, while middle-level leaders act as mediators, and lower leaders focus on evaluating organizational change. Consequently, leaders’ sensemaking about the change also contributes to their organization's structural and cultural change. This study suggests that research should center on how leaders, with various levels of management, make sense of the change in their organization and how they deliver their understanding to others.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Analogy in the Noble Qur'an - Sūrat l-qamar (The Moon) as a
           model

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      Authors: Almutasembellah Dabash, Saad A. Meqdad, Nidal Al-Shamali
      Pages: 2665– - 2665–
      Abstract: The study seeks to show the places of analogy contained in sūrat l-qamar (The Moon) in the Noble Qur'an, as a stylistic tool with an important impact in clarifying the meaning and bringing it closer to the mind of the reader, but the disclosure of the aesthetic features of the images of analogy and its relationship to the interpretation of what is meant by the verses is crucial, and to achieve these ends, the study will be based on a descriptive analytical approach based on extrapolating the places of analogy in the Qur'anic surah, and then will proceed to analyze the places of analogy and the statement of its pillars and types, and to show the rhetorical impact that occurs The result of analogy and its role in meaning and purpose depending on the context. The study will rely on sources and references directly related to the topic, such as language dictionaries and interpretations of the Noble Quran, and some references that will benefit the study. After research, consideration and analysis, the study concluded a number of results, the most important of which are: The analogy in Surat Al-Qamar provided a great service to the reader that made him feel the greatness of the meanings contained and interact positively with them, and the study found that the diversity of images and types of analogy helped the reader to evoke aesthetic landmarks and enjoy them, which increased the presence of the element of suspense and excitement in the text.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Shifting of communication style due to digital media penetration: An
           Evidence from dakwah communication in Instagram

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      Authors: Rika Lusri Virga, Eni Maryani, Dadang Sugiana, Uud Wahyudin
      Pages: 2677– - 2677–
      Abstract: This article provides an explanation of the communication styles that occur in the religious process using digital media, especially Instagram through da’wah. Where religious messages were delivered in response to the issue of worship at home that occurred in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic in order to stop its spread. Using the digital ethnography method, which was carried out on four major digital da’wah accounts in Indonesia, namely @nuonline_id, which has 760 thousand followers, your @lensamu account has 162 thousand followers, account @shiftmedia.id has 1.9 million followers, and the account @masjidjogokariyan has 141 thousand followers. For four months starting from March 2020-June 2020, researchers observed 368 content from the @nuonline_id account, 247 content from the @lensamu account, 59 content from the @shiftmedia.id account, and 32content from the @masjidjogokariyan account and reduced again based on the Issue of Worship at Home. In this study, it was finally found that in conveying da’wah on Worship Issues at Home, the account manager used six communication styles that were presented according to the Instagram characteristics. These communication styles are controlling style, equalitarian style, structuring style, dynamic style, relinquishing style, and withdrawal style.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Flourishing our Books Green: Content Analysis of an ELT Textbook

    • Free pre-print version: Loading...

      Authors: Karem Abdellatif Ahmed Mohamed, Tanzina Halim
      Pages: 2703– - 2703–
      Abstract: This study investigated the extent to which first-year secondary school Saudi ELT textbooks integrate ecological education content. ELT books integrate various themes to trigger language learners' interest. However, there is a dire need to include themes related to global issues or the troubled state of Mother nature. Hence the study focused on two environmental education themes: knowledge and awareness, attitudes and behaviors, and their sub-theme. The study used a conceptual content analysis design, and the textbooks were evaluated using a developed content analysis checklist. For the analysis, data were collected in the 2022/2023 school year. The results provided statistical evidence that integrating environmental education into the EFL textbook addressed the minimum level of learners' basic ecological knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. Finally, this study suggested methods of how textbooks can help improve students' awareness of the environment, their attitudes, and their behavior.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Native Intellectuals Static Positions and the Advancement Towards an
           Active Role

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      Authors: Karem Abdellatif Ahmed Mohamed, Tanzina Halim
      Pages: 2718– - 2718–
      Abstract: This paper discusses how the native intellectual can come to terms with the challenges of associating with both the West and East. Some intellectuals are left in a contradicting position where if they choose either West or East, that entails that they become a tool for one side against the other. I argue that resistance does not necessarily have to be a binary situation where the intellectual is cornered to choose one or the other and therefore cannot reconcile the two sides. Intellectuals who are trapped in this dichotomy feel that they have to choose, while others who break free do not have to choose between these two sides. This essay demonstrates how it is possible for native intellectuals to reconcile the two sides of themselves. The traditions and discourses through which characters/intellectuals address this tension or binary is achieved by a shift in their paradigm to a different framework of “witnessing” and “testimony” which triggers their agency.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Economic Factor’s Impact on the Preference of Political Science
           Students in the Jordanian Universities for the Form of the Political
           System: Democratic and Dictatorial Regimes as a model

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      Authors: Mohammad Saleh Bani Issa, Sayel Zaki Khataybeh
      Pages: 2732– - 2732–
      Abstract: The study aimed to show how the economic factor is controlling on the behavior of humans. The main question is related to what impact the economic factor on the preferences of students for forms of democratic and dictatorial regimes based on assumption is there a correlation between acceptance of the nature of the ruling regime and the economic satisfaction among all segments of a society. The survey research method through a questionnaire of (180) respondents have used, whom selected randomly, and (88) of them were retrieved with it. The lack interest of political science students in such studies was found, even female were more evident than of males. The absolute well-being of the individuals with a good economic nature was what they think regardless of regime’s nature, as both democratic and dictatorial regimes have advantages and disadvantages as well, therefore, the totalitarian regime for the study sample was the best. Accordingly, the study recommends; the political and academic decision-makers should work aside to increase the interest of the political science students with gaining knowledge of political affairs and participating in political process, including consistent with the aspirations of the leadership towards political, economic and administrative modernization in Jordan.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The strategy of choosing the location of the water in the conquests of the
           Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace and its effect on
           bringing victory closer

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      Authors: Abdel Aziz Shaker Hamdan Al Kubaisi
      Pages: 2750– - 2750–
      Abstract: This study aims to explain the importance of the location of water in the conquests of the Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, and its impact on making the event and bringing victory closer, by tracing those conquests historically and highlighting the location of the water in them, and its impact on the course of their events, starting with choosing a station for the soldiers to rest and equipping them with their needs of water, and passing through their review He promised them and counted them, ending with taking him as a camp to fight the enemy on the battlefield, and employing him in it by cutting off supplies from him, hastening his defeat, and bringing victory closer to the Muslims.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Level of Semantic Memory among Students with Learning Difficulties

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      Authors: Wafaa Ayed Al Aid
      Pages: 2768– - 2768–
      Abstract: The study aimed to reveal the level of semantic memory among elementary stage students with learning difficulties in Jordan. The study sample consisted of (55) males and females from the fourth and fifth grades in Amman in the second semester of the academic year (2021/2022). The descriptive approach was used, a semantic memory scale was developed, and its psychometric properties were verified. Results indicated that the level of semantic memory of students with learning difficulties in the basic stage was at a high degree, and that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of statistical significance (α = 0.05) between the estimates of the study sample on all semantic memory skills due to the difference of the Gender variable. Researchers recommended conducting studies to reveal other mental processes among students with learning difficulties, such as processing information and comparing them with children without learning difficulties.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Role Of Deposit Insurance Systems In Assessing Effectiveness Risk
           Management In Iraqi General Insurance Company

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      Authors: Elham Neema Khadem, Pr. Romdhane Khemakhem
      Pages: 2788– - 2788–
      Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the research is to reveal the role of deposit insurance systems with their requirements (capital adequacy, deposit size) in assessing the effectiveness risk management (risk identification, risk analysis, risk assessment, risk monitoring and follow-up) among employees of the Iraqi General Insurance Company
      Theoretical framework: problem of study revolved around an important question: Can deposit insurance systems be used to assess the effectiveness risk management
      Design/methodology/approach: this was measured by a sample of (133) factors, which is the result of the total number of questionnaires distributed by (150) , from which 146
      Findings: In order to achieve the best results, the research used statistical description, stability factor, equinox test, correlation coefficient, and structural modeling)
      Research, Practical & Social implications: The research came out with a set of results, foremost of which was the interest of employees in the Iraqi General Insurance Company to improve the mechanisms of the deposit insurance system by reducing the degree of risks associated with customers' deposits to the lowest level
      Originality/value: this contributed to reducing the risk of borrowing and financing with the insurance agency.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Exploring Intercultural Communication in Indonesia: Cultural Values,
           Challenges, and Strategies

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      Authors: Mailin Mailin, Firmansyah, Amiruddin, Maulana Andinata Dalimunthe, Abdurrahman, Achyar Zein
      Pages: 2804– - 2804–
      Abstract: Indonesia is a multicultural country with a deep cultural history. There are more than 300 different ethnic groups in the nation, and each has its own distinct traditions and customs. Relationship- and understanding-building between various cultures heavily depends on communication. Intercultural communication is so crucial in Indonesia. This review article's goal is to examine intercultural communication in Indonesia from a variety of angles. The obstacles of intercultural communication in Indonesia, as well as techniques for productive intercultural communication in Indonesia, are all examined in this article. The study's foundation is an analysis of the body of work on intercultural communication in Indonesia. The results show that understanding the cultural values, communication practises, and customs of the various ethnic groups is necessary for effective intercultural communication.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • External Dialogue in Poetry felling Group (The Dialogue)

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      Authors: Sou'adad Abdel Moneim Adhab, Karim Ajeel Sahi Al-Hashemi
      Pages: 2817– - 2817–
      Abstract: The Arab and literary studies dealt with many issues, including the external dialogue, and the dialogue is the second element of the elements of the dialogue, which is "a dialogue that takes place between two or more persons, which is based on the alternation of two or more personalities within the framework of the literary scene, which prompted the researcher to address this topic, which drives the event Dramatic for its development and generates in the recipient the sense that it is similar to reality with what the character possesses in expressing the psychological and social aspects.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • IMPLEMENTING THE COORDINATION FUNCTION OF CONTROLLING OF SPATIAL
           UTILIZATION IN THE NORTH BANDUNG AREA AS A STRATEGIC AREA OF WEST JAVA
           PROVINCE

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      Authors: Deddy Mizwar, Utang Soewaryo
      Pages: 2829– - 2829–
      Abstract: The North Bandung area (KBU) based on Regional Regulation of West Java Province Number 22 of 2010 is designated as a provincial strategic area because it has a function as a water catchment area which supplies around 60% of the water needs of the people below it, if it is not maintained properly it will potentially cause environmental problems that have a very broad impact on life. However, KBU has extraordinary attractiveness that can provide economic benefits for many investors, so massive commercial development in this area is unavoidable. KBU is administratively located in 4 (four) districts/cities, namely Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency, Bandung City and Cimahi City. Therefore, controlling development in this area requires good coordination between the provincial government as the representative of the central government and the four district/city regional governments. In reality, coordination did not run optimally, coordination carried out by the Province only with the district/city government based on the location of the land requested, without considering the granting of development permits in one area could have an impact on other districts/cities. For district/city governments, there is no vertical coordination regarding the granting of building permits at the KBU, because the district/city governments only implement the governor's recommendations in issuing these permits. Thus, when the investor has pocketed the governor's recommendation, the district/city government will follow up on the licensing process. On the other hand, the Provincial Government thinks that the governor's recommendation is not a ticket to obtain a permit, but as a consideration for the district/city government when they want to issue a land use permit or construct a building in a KBU. The different perceptions between the Provincial and Regency/City Governments show that coordination in the issuance of permits at the KBU has not been perfect, which in fact provides benefits for investors, even though it has the potential to harm the surrounding community if the increasingly rampant development at the KBU does not take into account environmental damage.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Development of a Solution for Mortality and Injury Problems among Juvenile
           Using Motorcycles in Muang District, Nakhon Nayok

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      Authors: Thananyada Buapian, Nattapong Songneam
      Pages: 2845– - 2845–
      Abstract: This study aimed to develop a curriculum for road safety education for juveniles using motorcycles, to implement the road safety education curriculum using a website for a learning center on solutions for mortality and injury, and to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the road safety education curriculum for juveniles who use motorcycles in educational institutions in Nakhon Nayok province. The study found that assessing the effectiveness of implementing the road safety education curriculum for youngsters who use motorcycles at academic institutions in Nakhon Nayok province led to the development of the potential of leading teachers in the province. The effectiveness of the curriculum was evaluated regarding knowledge development and attitude towards safety among school teacher groups. A comparison was made on road safety knowledge based on the developed curriculum among 31 teachers (21 males and ten females) who underwent training before and after the implementation. The statistical method used was the dependent t-test. Most (74.2%) had a driver’s license, and most (90%) had experience teaching students about safety. The results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the test on knowledge about road safety according to the developed training course for teachers, using a dependent t-test to test the research hypothesis, showed a statistically significant difference at the .05 level (p=.00, t=11.32). The average knowledge score after training was higher than before training. Before the training, the average score was 13.4, and after the training, the average score was 24.0. The evaluation result of the website for a learning center on solutions for mortality and injury among juveniles who use motorcycles was overall at the highest level (x ̅=4.43, S.D. = 0.45).
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Groundwater recharge through shallow groundwater recharge system by
           

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      Authors: Sitthisak Pinmongkhonkul, Niti Iamchuen, Warach Madhayamapurush, Kriengkri Seetaphan
      Pages: 2865– - 2865–
      Abstract: The shallow groundwater recharge at an area scale in Fai Kwang Subdistrict, Chiang Kham District, Phayao Province, Thailand aim to apply of the groundwater replenishment system to solve the problem of drought and insufficient water for consumption using by shallow groundwater recharge system through the concrete circle in pond integrating with using technology to manage surface water with the GIS system and geophysical surveys for evaluating the potential of groundwater resources to access information on land use, soil conditions, water resources. The groundwater recharge system at depth 12 m and water was replenishment occurs flow from pubic pool collected water converted to water filtration and pumping average water volume of 3.54 m3/hr to solve the problem of surface water quality for water supply in tap water production of Siwilai Village, Fai Kwang Subdistrict, Phayao Province, which enabled people in the area to used water for 200 homes. The social return on investment (SROI) was 59.23%, reducing water purchase and medical expenses due to water quality impact. The study results have led to the creation of water management policies and the application of information and innovations for drought resolution. Measures and requirements for using public water sources for consumption collecting income for the maintenance of the village's water supply system.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The survival strategies of inbound tour operator in Thailand

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      Authors: Tanaporn Pooprueksachat, Niramol Promnil, Warach Madhyamapurush, Chompunuch Jittithavorn
      Pages: 2879– - 2879–
      Abstract: Tourism industry is one of the most important sectors in Thailand. However, it is the most sensitive industry to any crisis, whether natural disaster, terrorism, political instability, economic, or disease. The spread of COVID-19 has had a profound impact on the tourism industry worldwide, Thailand is no exception. This research attempts to study the impact and provide the survival strategies for inbound tour operators in Thailand. This qualitative research uses in-depth interviews with semi-structured questions as a research tool. The researcher interviewed six tour operators in major cities across Thailand namely, Bangkok, Chiang Mai, and Phuket. It was found that tour operators in Thailand suffered notably bad effects from the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the businesses had to down-size their organisations, require staff to leave without pay or even lay-off staff since there are no international tourist arrivals due to the closured borders during country-wide lockdowns. It also found that government policies toward financial and other assistance were not flexible nor effective enough. For example, regards short-term loans, tourism businesses did not have sufficient collateral, so they couldn’t borrow money. This is the reason why the tourism businesses lacked adequate financial liquidity. As a result, tourism businesses need learn the lessons from this pandemic and prepare for future challenges to survive in the tourism industry.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Analysis of the communication and composition of the digital press in
           Argentina, Peru, Mexico and Colombia in 2022

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      Authors: Lcda. Ana Lucía Rivera Abarca, Lcdo. Héctor Oswaldo Aguilar Cajas, María Elena Espín Oleas, Anabel Fidelina Anilema Camacho
      Pages: 2913– - 2913–
      Abstract: This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the level of communication and structuring of the graphic patterns of publications on social networks Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. For this, four cases were chosen that are among the most influential newspapers in Latin America in the first quarter of 2022. These newspapers with greater influence are El Comercio Perú, El Universal, El Tiempo and La Nación considered so by the acceptance of their readers in print editions as in online. To collect the information, the inductive method was used by which topics such as typography, grids, interlettering, compositional elements, among others, were classified. And the method of analysis that serves to evaluate the behavior of the compositional elements individually of each publication. The focus of the research is mixed, since qualitative data were acquired: compositional and quantitative properties: interactions with more scope in the quarter of 2022. Along with this, the statistical data covered by eye tracking as an evaluation team in publications with greater scope or acceptance. In total there are 56 publications evaluated through the files and eleven with eye tracking. The data provided by the two evaluations contribute to the validation of the hypothesis in a theoretical and practical way. Concluding that the management of the structuring of graphic elements effectively affects acceptance in social media. The use of equipment related to neuromarketing is recommended. Which support the results obtainedthrough the application of theory in the designs.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • FINANCIAL AND BUSINESS EDUCATION AS A BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT FOR TRADERS OF
           THE SAN PEDRO DE RIOBAMBA MUNICIPAL PUBLIC COMPANY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS
           MARKET

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      Authors: Víctor Gabriel Avalos Peñafiel, Yolanda Patricia Moncayo Sánchez, Diego Patricio Vallejo Sánchez, Angel Gerardo Castelo Salazar
      Pages: 2930– - 2930–
      Abstract: The financial and commercial education allows a better understanding of the technical tools that favors informal decision making, the development of savings habits and expense planning. This research aims to promote the necessary conditions to increase the levels of financial education in order to improve the management of resources, generating favorable conditions of products and marketing processes that contribute to the productive growth of merchants in the San Pedro de Riobamba Agricultural Producers Market. The methodology is developed with a qualitative and quantitative approach, with a sample size of 195 surveys to obtain results on the degree of financial knowledge of the merchants of the San Pedro de Riobamba Agricultural Producers Market. The results and findings obtained showed that the management of finances is done empirically demonstrating a lack of technical analysis that contributes to the efficient management of finances, generating a scarce financial culture. The relevant conclusions of this research indicate that the needs in terms of Financial Education are essential to improve productivity, profitability and motivate the active participation of processes of transfer of fundamental knowledge of finance.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • MERONYMY OF WORDS EXPRESSING GRASS CARP AND MUSSEL BODY PARTS IN
           VIETNAMESE AND LAOS

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      Authors: Ha Thi Mai Thanh
      Pages: 2947– - 2947–
      Abstract: This article examines the meronymy of words expressing grass carp and mussel body parts in Vietnamese and Laos. The underlying theory of the article is the concept of the meaning of words in the system, meronymy. The research methods used by the article are the field linguistic, descriptive, and comparative-contrastive methods. The article surveyed 107 Vietnamese, and 91 Laos holonyms and meronyms expressing body parts of grass carp and mussels. The number of holonyms and meronyms expressing body parts of grass carp and mussels in Vietnamese is more than in Laos. Laos has 16 lexical gaps compared to Vietnamese. Hence, the linguistic picture of the word expressing body parts of grass carp and mussels in Vietnamese and Laos is sketched. As a result, the article clarifies the similarities and differences in the category thinking of Vietnamese and Lao people.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Modelo Diffserv (Qor S) in a real traffic environment to evaluate the
           behavior of QoS parameters on cisco and mikrotik equipment

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      Authors: Ing. Oswaldo Geovanny Martínez Guashima, Ing. Robinson Paul Cando Basantes, Ing. Joffre Stalin Monar Monar, Ing. Cristian Geovanny Merino Sánchez, Ing. Diego Javier Bastidas Logroño
      Pages: 2975– - 2975–
      Abstract: This document presents the evalua tion d the behavior of the parameters of bandwidth, latency, packet loss, jitter and cpu, by implementing a real traffic environment on two scenarios of Mikrotik and Cisco equipment. The generation of real traffic was implemented using the TRex tool creating an environment of traffic of clients and servers focused on the Streaming and Web service, through a virtual machine, with two network cards. Routing between client-servers was established using static routes. The implementation of the DiffServ Quality of Service model was carried out through the identification stages using the Omnipeek tool, marking in the DSCP field of the IP header and establishing policies for traffic treatment. For the analysis of results, the T-Student test was used comparing the parametersbetween both brands before and after applying the DiffServ Quality of Service model. Based on the results obtained, there is a difference in bandwidth, latency and packet loss between the average values 0.1502 Mbps, 39.56 ms and 14.4352% respectively before applying the model and 0.0844 Mbps, 0.162 ms after applying it.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Social design: Prosumers of content- Case of high school students in
           Ecuador

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      Authors: Paulina Elizabeth Sánchez Sánchez, Andrea Daniela Larrea Solórzano, Carlos Hernán Aguayza Mendieta, Richard Patricio Sánchez Sánchez
      Pages: 2995– - 2995–
      Abstract: A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the Social Design variable, Content Prosumers in Latin America. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document is to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2016-2021 in Latin American countries, achieving the identification of 79 publications in total. The information provided by the said platform was organized by employing tables and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed topic was referenced through qualitative analysis. Among the main findings of this research, it is found that Brazil, with 39 publications, is the Latin American country with the highest production. The area of knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of social design, content prosumers in Latin America was energies with 42 published documents, and the type of publication that was most used during the aforementioned period was the journal article, which represents 53% of the total scientific production.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • TOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY IN ENGLISH PROFICIENCY OF EFL LEARNERS AT ENGLISH
           DEPARTMENT OF FKIP UNIVERSITAS HKBP NOMMENSEN

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      Authors: Dumaris E. Silalahi, Amrin Saragih, Berlin Sibarani
      Pages: 3009– - 3009–
      Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the tolerance of ambiguity in English proficiency of the EFL learners at English department of FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen. The subjects of this research are 166 learners at the sixth semester at academic year 2021/2022. Data was gained by using questionnaires of ISLTAS (Instrument Second Language Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale) and English proficiency test by using TOEFL. Those data was analyzed by applying qualitative research approach. The result of analyzing data elaborates findings; they are (1) the level of TOA of the research subjects which is high. The subjects with high of TOA are able integrate new information with existing schemata, restricting the latter. With TOA they try to adapt themselves according to new situation of English to have good proficiency and (2) the correlation between TOA and the subjects’ English proficiency is moderate. The moderate correlation indicates weak relation of the subjects’ TOA and their English Proficiency. Even though the correlation is weak (moderate) but it is relevant into the theory of TOA which indicates those learners who have high level of TOA are those who succeed in English. It is proved based on the number of subjects who are at high level of TOA is 115 (69.88%) and the number of subjects at very high level of TOEFL is 108 (65.06%).
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Effect Of Education Administration In The Effort Of Quality
           Improvement Of The Higher Education During The Pandemic Covid-19

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      Authors: Muhammad Juliansyah Putra, Bambang Hermanto, Iwan Sukoco, Suryanto
      Pages: 3027– - 3027–
      Abstract: Combining the two words Education and Administration brings a new meaning to the word. The word Education Administration refers to the art of administering educational practices, coaching, and developing control systems for schools. It also refers to online professional coaches of education who help with classroom lessons and learning. In today's world, educators should use online resources more often in their teaching methods to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. During the ongoing pandemic Covid-19, researchers investigate the impact education administration has on an educational institution's quality development. In 2020, a study took place at one of Palembang, South Sumatra's higher education facilities using both qualitative and quantitative methods. This was done at the University of PGRI Palembang.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Agency cost and Earnings Management: Evidence from Amman Stock Exchange

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      Authors: Khaled Qasim Khaled Hamdan
      Pages: 3046– - 3046–
      Abstract: This study examines the impact of agency cost and earnings management by employing data from 30 Industrial Jordanian firms from 2009 to 2019. In this study, I will investigate if earnings management decreases agency expenses in Jordan, a country where businesses face agency issues. The confluence of agency cost problems and earning management was tested using a static model. The main findings of this study suggest that Earnings Management is closely associated with agency costs. There is an Agency Conflict occurrence in the ASE. On the other hand, the factors affecting corporate governance have no appreciable impact on the agency cost index.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Dance Traditions in the Context of Kara Zhorga Dance: Preservation of
           Cultural Heritage

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      Authors: Gulnara Saitova, Gulnara Jumasseitova, Aigul Kulbekova, Alima Moldakhmetova, Toigan Izim
      Pages: 3058– - 3058–
      Abstract: This research is devoted to the study of the examples of the early Kazakh folk dance "Kara Zhorga", also referred to as the dance of joints, preserved on the territory of Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and the Altai region. The methods of comparative analysis of Turkic dance cultures are used in the study. Based on a generalized art history analysis, the characteristics of the performance of Kazakh dances on the territory of China, Mongolia, the Altai region, and Kazakhstan are presented. The results of the study were obtained with the help of the historical analysis of the traditional culture of the Kazakhs of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, search expeditions, the study of scientific and methodological methods of professional and creative skills of performers, as well as the performing, research, and pedagogical experience that we have accumulated. It has been concluded that the dance Kara Zhorga is of practical value in the context of conducting experiments in the field of choreography and dance and stage body mobility.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Effective supervisory leadership and followership for graduate students
           fulfilment in saudi arabia’s higher education

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      Authors: Faiza Adil Gonaim
      Pages: 3086– - 3086–
      Abstract: Many studies emphasized that effective academic supervision has a significant impact on the graduate student's outcome; and vice versa.
      Examining supervisors’ leadership and understanding the expectation of students and supervisors of the effective supervisory activities increase the chance of students' achievement and resilience in graduate studies. There is limited research that focused on supervisor leadership and its impact on graduate students. Thus, this study aims to investigate effective supervision leadership and relationship from the lens of graduate students' and supervisors' perspectives in higher education in Saudi Arabia. A qualitative approach was used with the use of interviews as a tool to acquire genuine perspective regarding the study’s questions. The findings indicate that graduate students value the characteristics and practices of empowerment, approachability, caring, and abstaining from the added hurdle. Whereas, supervisors value graduate students who have the character and practices of accountability, commitment, integrity, and abstaining from the hustle.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Assuring Quality of Teaching and Learning through Quality Instructional
           Supervision. A Case of Private Higher Education Institutions in
           Post-Conflict Somalia

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      Authors: Abukar Mukhtar Omar, Abdu Kisige
      Pages: 3102– - 3102–
      Abstract: The study aimed to investigate quality instructional supervision and its effect on the quality of teaching and learning in private higher education institutions in post-conflict Somalia. This was owing to the phenomenon that quality instructional supervision is very crucial for the success of all university institutions, and if properly succeeded, such practice is apt to ensure the quality of teaching and learning, hence the realization of one of the core functions of higher education institutions. The literature review focused mainly on quality instructional supervision; and how it related to quality teaching and learning in different empirical and theoretical contexts. The study employed a non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional design involving a quantitative paradigm. A total of 253 academic staff members were randomly chosen to participate in the study, with one objective and one hypothesis. The Linear Regression Model was used to test the study hypothesis (F = 5.991, p = 0.017, p > 0.05). The findings, therefore, revealed that quality instructional supervision determines the quality of teaching and learning in private institutions of higher learning in Somalia, henceforth enabling graduates to be equipped with necessary and handy skills of the 21st century relevant to the demands and needs of the worldwide competition. It recommended that managers of higher education institutions need to consider taking institution administrators (Deans, Heads of Departments, and Subject Unit Coordinators) through pedagogical instructional supervision training through which administrators could transform their knowledge and put to full utilization of the knowledge and skills acquired during their training, thereby developing lecturers equipped with necessary 21st Century teaching skills relevant to students’ learning demands and needs of the worldwide competition.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The Relationship Between Head Teachers’ School Rules’ Implementation
           and Student Academic Performance In Secondary Schools

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      Authors: Mohamed Osman Abdi Idris
      Pages: 3113– - 3113–
      Abstract: This study examined the relationship between head teachers' enforcement of school rules and students' academic achievement in private secondary schools. The school rules and academic performance are interrelated and key to the realization of good performance. The goal of this study was to ascertain how the application of school rules and regulations by head teachers and students’ academic achievement are related to one another in secondary schools in Mogadishu, Benadir region. The theories X and Y put out by Douglas McGregor were the focus of this study. The intended populations consists of 2040 students from eight secondary schools, 68 instructors who serve on disciplinary committees, and 34 head teachers. Thus, there were 2142 target populations in total. 307 respondents made up the sample, and they were distributed as follows: 8 head teachers, 8 teachers who serve on disciplinary committees, and 291 fourth-grade pupils from the 8 chosen schools are included. The validity of the content was assessed using professional judgment. The test-retest approach was used to determine the instrument reliability. By using professional judgment, the validity of the questionnaire was guaranteed. The information was gathered through questionnaires and interview schedules. The descriptive statistics used specifically for quantitative data analysis using SPSS were frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Frequency tables, bar graphs, and charts were used to display the study's findings. Themes derived from the objectives were used to analyze the qualitative data and were then presented through narrations. The study discovered that the application of school regulations had a favorable and considerable impact on students' academic performance in Mogadishu. The results of this study may help stakeholders and those in charge of policy at the education ministry understand how head teachers might improve students' academic performance by implementing school rules. In conclusion, the head teachers’ school rules implementation had a reasonable affirmative relationship and account for variance in academic performance in secondary schools. It showed that academic performance increases among students with an increase in the level of school rules implementation by the head teacher. For Private Organizations managers, to function most effectively, the study recommends that leaders need to avail themselves for training on how best to manage student discipline in schools in the course of school rules implementation.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • The metaverse for communicating and marketing and branding purposes:
           opportunities and challenges

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      Authors: Mohamed Abdulzaher, Thouraya Snoussi, Shereen Moussa, Wassim Korbi
      Pages: 3124– - 3124–
      Abstract: This qualitative study examines the uses of the metaverse to create informational and advertising content to promote products and services in the Middle East and North Africa region; A particular focus has been placed on the United Arab Emirates. The authors aim to highlight the opportunities as well as the challenges of using metaverse technologies for marketing purposes. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with public relations and advertising experts. The results showed that although the UAE is a very advanced country in the use of artificial intelligence technologies, there is still reluctance by the sample to use the metaverse as a tool to promote products and services; the conviction that the target audience is not yet reliable, and that it is too early to consider the metaverse as a purchasing and marketing tool are among the reasons. In terms of opportunities, respondents estimate that the metaverse is producing a new set of tech tools capable of attracting audiences, boosting engagement, and improving the quality of marketing content creation in the coming years. For perceived challenges, the metaverse is seen as unstable and ever evolving; this makes it difficult for companies to operate, especially in planning and executing marketing campaigns.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Analysis on historical meaning of lament songs in field materials

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      Authors: Anarbekova Venera Erkinbekovna, Dyikanova Shekerbubu Anarbekovna, Toktorbekova Nurzyinat Asanalyevna, Zulpueva Raby Zhanybaevna, Chynykeeva Gulnaz Ergeshalievna
      Pages: 3138– - 3138–
      Abstract: In our research, we compared the era, etymology, versions of lament songs, one of the unique monuments of the Kyrgyz people spiritual culture in field materials collected from people, and lament songs in literature, because the status of lamentation has been losing its meaning in modern society. The problem is considered and analyzed on the basis of ethnographic field materials and manuscripts collected from informants, as well as the traditional genre of lamentation for historical figures from the 19th to early 20th centuries. It tells about historical activities who fought for the people freedom, the Kyrgyz statehood against the Kokand policy of the Kokand Kingdom and the Russian Empire. The author's personal views and scientific analysis are also presented as separate conclusions at the end of the article.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • CORRELATION BETWEEN FLOW, CONSISTENCY, QUANTITY, SALIVARY BUFFER CAPACITY
           AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) TO DMF-T

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      Authors: Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman, Dicha Yuliadewi, Natallia Pranata, Calvin Kurnia, Silvia Naliani, Regina Kristiani
      Pages: 3157– - 3157–
      Abstract: Background: Salivary characteristics include pH, salivary flow, consistency, composition, and saliva buffer capacity, so if changes occur, they will increase the risk of dental caries associated with the initial process and the speed of caries development. In addition to saliva, nutritional benefits can interfere with increased incidence of higher caries, reduced salivary secretion, decreased salivary buffer capacity, and qualitative changes in saliva. One of the parameters that can be used to measure nutritional status is the body mass index which also correlates with the DMF-T index. Objective: determine the correlation between flow, consistency, quantity, salivary buffer capacity, and body mass index (BMI) to the DMF-T index. Method: The group consisted of 78 respondents. Stimulated saliva samples were collected to measure salivary flow, saliva consistency, saliva quantity, and saliva buffer capacity using a saliva test buffer kit. Weight and height are measured to obtain a body mass index. Result: the average salivary flow of 1.9487, indicating a normal category because salivary flow occurs in less than 60 seconds. The average saliva quantity score was 2.6026, including normal at more than 5mL. The average buffer capacity is 2.6282, which means the standard is too high. The average BMI was 22.798, which indicated it had a normal weight and an average DMF-T level of 3.179 which belonged to the very low category. Conclusion: salivary parameters such as flow, buffer capacity, quantity, and BMI do not significantly correlate with the DMF-T index. However, one salivary parameter correlates to the DMF-T index, namely saliva viscosity.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • FORMS OF FINANCING FOR PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT: INDUSTRY, TERRITORY AND
           TOURISM

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      Authors: María Gabriela González Bautista, Egidio Peixoto Rodriguez, Deybeth Gómez Imitola, Alma R. Bojórquez-Vargas, Emer Ronald Rosales Solórzano
      Pages: 3168– - 3168–
      Abstract: An exhaustive examination of the production and dissemination of research related to the variables Finance, Industry, Territory, Tourism and Productive Investment was carried out. The purpose of this bibliometric analysis was to identify the main characteristics of the publications registered in the Scopus database during the period between 2018 and 2022, finding a total of 19 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized using graphs and figures, classifying the data according to Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis was carried out that refers to the opinions of various authors on the proposed topic. Among the main findings of this research, it is highlighted that China and the United Kingdom were the countries with the highest scientific production, with 4 publications each, made by authors affiliated with institutions in these countries. Regarding the Area of Knowledge that contributed most to the construction of bibliographic material on Finance, Industry, Territory and Productive Investment, it was found that environmental science was the discipline with the largest number of published documents, reaching a total of 11. In addition, during the mentioned period, the most used type of publication was the journal article, representing a total of 18 documents of the total scientific production.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
  • Peculiarities of the instrumental competitions functioning in the context
           of performing arts development

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      Authors: Svitlana Borysova, Veronika Pieshkova, Alexander Plokhotnyuk, Iryna Polstyankina, Natalia Demeshko
      Pages: 3180– - 3180–
      Abstract: The research aimed to determine the distinctive features of contemporary performing arts and their reflection in the specifics of the instrumental competitions. In particular, the roles of the jury and the audience are considered in the context of the influence on the development of the musical career and skill of participants in the competitions and the vectors of instrumental music development in general. Particular attention in the study is paid to musical works created using the latest digital technologies. In general, the role of instrumental competitions in shaping the development vectors of the performing arts and accompanying concerns are outlined.
      PubDate: 2023-05-17
      Issue No: Vol. 33 (2023)
       
 
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