Authors:Bulat F. Garifullin; Irina Yu. Strobykina; Radmila R. Sharipova; Marionella A. Kravchenko; Olga V. Andreeva; Olga B. Bazanova; Vladimir E. Kataev Pages: 15 - 24 Abstract: Publication date: 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Supplement Author(s): Vladimir E. Kataev, Bulat F. Garifullin, Olga V. Andreeva, Radmila R. Sharipova, Irina Yu. Strobykina, Marionella A. Kravchenko
Authors:Godwin A. Ponuwei; Phil R. Dash Pages: 125 - 135 Abstract: Publication date: December 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 2 Author(s): Godwin A. Ponuwei, Phil R. Dash Blebs are spherical plasma membrane protrusions formed when the membrane detaches from the underlying cortex as a result of actomyosin contractility-powered increase of hydrostatic pressure in the cytoplasm. Different tumour cells metastasize using blebbing as alternative mode of migration by squeezing through pre-existing pores in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study investigated the role of the lipid signalling phospholipases D1 and D2 (PLD1/PLD2) in bleb formation in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cell line in the extracellular matrix, and reports that pharmacological inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 with a potent universal PLD inhibitor potently inhibited bleb formation in HT1080 cells embedded in three-dimensional (3D) matrigel matrix. Use of smartpool small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target PLD1 and PLD2 isoforms at four different sequences revealed that PLD2, but not PLD1 is involved in blebbing of HT1080 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PLD2-mediated bleb formation is via the PA-LPAR-Rho-ROCK signalling pathway. Thus, PLD2 is a promising therapeutic target in combating metastasis of cancers of fibrous connective tissues.
Authors:Pallab Kumar Ghosh; Tushar Kanti Maiti Pages: 136 - 143 Abstract: Publication date: December 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 2 Author(s): Pallab Kumar Ghosh, Tushar Kanti Maiti The symbiotic diazotrophs comprise with a very diverse group of Gram negative soil bacteria, collectively called as rhizobia found in nodule of legume plant. Rhizobia adopt themselves in different environment including soil, rhizosphere and grown within legume roots, where they fix nitrogen. The establishment of symbiosis is a very complicated process involving a coordinated exchange of signal between legume plants and the symbionts. The nodule development requires synthesis of signal molecules such as Nod factors that are important for induction of nodule development. There are different types of surface polysaccharides such as lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, neutral and acidic polysaccharides found in rhizobia. The production of symbiotically active polysaccharides may allow rhizobial strains to adapt themselves to changing environmental conditions and interact efficiently with legume plants. Despite extensive research, the actual molecular function of the surface polysaccharides of rhizobia in symbiosis remains unclear. This review emphasized on the structural composition of extracellular polysaccharide of different rhizobia isolated from different legume plants. The compositions of extracellular polysaccharides are different in different rhizobia. The various compositions of extracellular polysaccharides produced by the symbionts are considered as the signaling molecules essential for determining host plant specificity. The present status of the biological functions of the exo-polysaccharide in symbiosis such as host specificity, successful invasion, formation of infection thread and induction of nodule formation in legume plants is also summarized here.
Authors:PA Chintaka T. Perera; Thenmoli V. Sundarabarathy; Thavananthan Sivananthawerl; Suranga P. Kodithuwakku; Udeni Edirisinghe Pages: 144 - 160 Abstract: Publication date: December 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 2 Author(s): PA Chintaka T. Perera, Thenmoli V. Sundarabarathy, Thavananthan Sivananthawerl, Suranga P. Kodithuwakku, Udeni Edirisinghe The upper Malwathu Oya is a seasonal river. The main livelihood of people living in the immediate vicinity of the river is paddy cultivation, and chronic kidney disease is reported among them. Farmers utilize different types of agricultural chemicals in their fields expecting bumper harvests. Several agricultural chemicals have been reported to contain toxic trace elements in Sri Lanka. Therefore, arsenic and cadmium might end up in the river water. The presence of these trace elements in the river water and sediments can result in their bioaccumulation in fish tissues. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of two trace elements in water and sediments, as well as in fish tissues (gills, kidney, liver and muscle) of three food fish species, Etroplus suratensis, Anabas testudineus and Channa striata during cultivating and non-cultivating seasons of the year. Further, the level of bioaccumulation of two trace elements in fish tissues in relation to the contamination level of water and sediments was assessed. Data were gathered for 43months. Arsenic and cadmium concentration in water showed a significant (P <0.05) seasonal variation. Generally, the two trace elements in the river water were highest during the cultivating seasons than in other seasons. In all species, both trace elements in the gills highly depended on the concentration in the water. In all species, two trace elements in water and sediment did not significantly affect the levels in muscle tissue. Therefore, the trace element levels in the edible parts of these three fish were well below the maximum permissible levels of international institutions.
Authors:Sheetal Jha; Pramod Kumar Sharma; Rishabha Malviya Pages: 161 - 167 Abstract: Publication date: December 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 2 Author(s): Sheetal Jha, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Rishabha Malviya Over the past decades, cancer is the major cause of incidence of death increasing every day. Different forms of tumor therapy including radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used to treat cancer. However, hyperthermia is the technique that neglects the use of chemicals or harmful radiations. The elevated body temperature can damage the cancerous cells with minimum injury to the normal cells. Successful therapy method in combination with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy is provided to the cancer patient which proved to be beneficial to the patients. In this review, different studies of the clinical trials are reported on the patients with tumor and the therapy associated with it.
Authors:Arbind Kumar Choudhary; Rekha Jiwane; Tanwir Alam; Sadawarte Sahebrao Kishanrao Pages: 168 - 174 Abstract: Publication date: December 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 2 Author(s): Arbind Kumar Choudhary, Rekha Jiwane, Tanwir Alam, Sadawarte Sahebrao Kishanrao Background Hand grip strength is often considered may predict cognitive functioning and has been established as associates of cognitive performance with individual differences in some particular cross-sectional studies. However, little is known about hand grip strength and cognitive performance in the elderly individuals, and it is not known whether changes in hand grip strength may be associated with preservation/decline in cognitive functioning. Objectives We have studied the impact of hand grip strength on cognition function in healthy kitchen workers. Methods Participants (n=90, age range: 25–40years) randomly assigned in to two groups according to their nature of work: Group I-Control group (n=47) - workers recruited for simple work such as dusting, cleaning dining tables and floor. Group II-Study group (n=43) - workers recruited for firm work such as cooking large quantity of food, kneading dough, rolling chapattis, cut and sauté the vegetables and dish washing. For the analyses, we used at dominant and non- dominant hand; hand grip strength (HGS), reaction time task, sensory disability test (SDT) and cognitive function test (CFT) among both the groups. Result We observed that visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART) were significantly improved in dominant hand of study group, when compare to control group; however it was comparable in non-dominant hand among both the groups. In addition to; among all control and study group female workers there was significant positive correlation between VRT & ART and significant negative correlation between at dominant hand HGS & VRT as well as between at dominant hand HGS & ART. We also observed that dominant hand HGS was a significant predictor of VRT and ART and however there was no any significant variation in body mass index (BMI), sensory disability test (SDT) and cognitive function test (CFT) among both groups. Conclusion We found that muscle strength (as measured by hand grip strength) was associated with improved reaction time. Hence by using a simple muscle strength test; is one way of obtaining useful information for the development of nerve-muscle coordination. Increased handgrip strength would be associated with preservation of cognitive function.
Authors:Mahmodul Hasan Sohel Pages: 175 - 186 Abstract: Publication date: December 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 2 Author(s): Mahmodul Hasan Sohel MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously initiated, small non-coding RNAs and typically regulate the expression of mRNAs in post transcriptional level either via translational repression or mRNA degradation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is observed in diverse disease and altered physiological states. Recently, it has been revealed that miRNAs are not only present in cells but also in extracellular milieu especially in different bio-fluids including blood plasma, follicular fluid and even in cell culture media. Such extracellular miRNAs (ECmiRNAs) are remarkably stable in the extracellular harsh environment with the presence of high RNAse activity. Although the precise mechanisms of release of cellular miRNAs to extracellular environment remain largely unknown, recent studies suggest that the expression of these ECmiRNAs can be associated with patho-physiological condition of an organism. Moreover, these ECmiRNAs may deliver to the recipient cells via certain pathways where they can regulate translational activity of target genes. This review will discuss the nature and stability of ECmiRNAs along with their release mechanisms. Furthermore, based on recent evidences, it also summarizes the possible function of these ECmiRNAs in distant cell-to-cell communication and the difficulties we may face during ECmiRNA research.
Authors:Nejash Abdela Pages: 187 - 196 Abstract: Publication date: December 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 2 Author(s): Nejash Abdela Dairy producer increase milk production by over feeding grain diets that are high in starch and low in fiber to increase intake of energy and met dietary requirements of the high yielding dairy cows. However, these diets increase the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Thus, maximizing milk production without incurring Sub-acute ruminal acidosis is a challenging most dairy producers. The main aims of this paper were to review available article on general aspects of Sub-acute ruminal acidosis and its consequence in dairy cattle by focusing on past and recent article and helping to update the current knowledge for early recognition and limit the associated negative impact in dairy industry. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis is a well-recognized and economically important digestive disorder found particularly in well-managed dairy cattle. It is a consequence of feeding high grain diets to dairy cows and characterized by daily episodes of low ruminal which generally occurs when ruminal pH stays in the range of 5.2 and 6 for a prolonged period resulting in depresses fiber digestion and possibly milk production. There is no typical clinical sign of illness in SARA affected cows. However, SARA is said to be associated with inflammations of different organs and tissues in dairy cows. Rumenocentesis remains the most reliable means of diagnosing SARA. The cow at risk to develop SARA includes cows in the early lactation, Primiparous cows and Cows grazing or fed with rapidly fermentable low fiber grass. SARA has long-term health and economic consequences, which include feed intake depression, fluctuations in feed intake, reduced diet digestibility, reduced milk yield, reduced milk fat percent, gastrointestinal damage, liver abscesses, and lameness. Apart from compromises to dairy cow health and economics, SARA is of concern for animal welfare reasons, since lameness and laminitis impact significantly on cow comfort and general well-being. Thus, it represents a significant concern for dairy industry and the cattle should be regularly monitored to facilitate early recognition of the condition and limit the associated economic losses.
Authors:Simon Allen Pages: 197 - 202 Abstract: Publication date: December 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 2 Author(s): Simon Allen Aim Etiology and pathophysiology of chronic internal disease was unknown until last days. This article challenges that two clinical trials have discovered the origin of chronic prostate diseases. Methods The hypothesis of the chronic internal diseases cause due to pathological activity of capillaries with emerging micro-focus of hypothermia, a continuous trigger for disease development in any affected organ, was declared in the US patent “Therapeutic Device and Method”, i.e. thermobalancing therapy (TT) and therapeutic device. Two clinical trials before and 6months after TT for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with the device, namely Dr. Allen's therapeutic device (DATD) confirmed the effectiveness of TT. This device was used as mono-therapy for 124 patients with BPH and 45 men with CP/CPPS. Results Compared to controls, the TT groups showed significant improvements from baseline to endpoint. TT in men with BPH decreased urinary symptoms and PV, increased Qmax and improved quality of life index (QoL). At the same time, another clinical trial on TT in men with CP/CPPS has demonstrated decrease of pain score and PV mL, improvement of QoL and increase of Qmax mL/sec. Conclusions The long-term application of the source of emitted body heat with DATD, i.e. TT, to the projection of affected prostate removes “micro-focus” of hypothermia at the capillary level that improves blood circulation in the organ and its function. Thus this article shows that the underlying cause for different chronic internal diseases, such as BPH and CP/CPPS is the same and is positioned at the microvascular level. More studies with thermobalancing therapy needed.
Authors:I.M. Adeniyi; O.R. Adejoba; F.M. Akinlabi; O.J. Alao Pages: 1 - 4 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): I.M. Adeniyi, O.R. Adejoba, F.M. Akinlabi, O.J. Alao Three types of vegetable oils namely, groundnut oil, coconut oil and palm kernel oil were investigated in this study for their clearing ability in wood histology. The vegetable oils were compared with the conventional clearants like xylene and clove oil. Using a Riechet microtome sliding machine, sections of wood that were about 20μm were prepared and cleared in each of the oils. Under a light microscope, the results showed that sections cleared in the vegetable oils did not show any sign of distortion as details of wood features were distinct and clear after processing in the vegetable oils. The study concluded that the vegetable oils could be used as substitutes for xylene and clove oil. The respective photo micrographs are hereby presented showing their efficacy after slide preparation. On the accounts of health hazards and cost of conventional clearing agents, the study also recommended groundnut oil, coconut oil and palm kernel oil as alternative clearants in wood histological processes.
Authors:Y.P. Nagaraja; V. Krishna Pages: 5 - 10 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Y.P. Nagaraja, V. Krishna This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract and isolated flavone (5-hydroxy, 7,8, 2’trimethoxy flavone) compound of Andrographis alata against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatotoxicity was induced in albino rats CCl4 (i.p.). Analysis of serum ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase activities with the concentrations of albumin, total protein and bilirubin was carried out. The activities of all the marker enzymes reported a significant elevation in CCl4 treated rats, which were significantly recovered towards an almost normal level in animals simultaneously administered with aqueous extract and flavone compound. This work suggests that aqueous extract and isolated flavone compound of A. alata exert significant therapeutic effect on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Authors:S. Vijayakumar; J.P. Harikrishnan; S. Prabhu; J.E. Morvin Yabesh; P. Manogar Pages: 11 - 26 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): S. Vijayakumar, J.P. Harikrishnan, S. Prabhu, J.E. Morvin Yabesh, P. Manogar The aim of the present study was to document the knowledge of traditional Siddha medical practitioners from Thiruvarur district in Tamil Nadu, India, and to quantitatively analyze the data to identify some useful leads of medicinal plants and to screening the phytocomounds. Field study was carried out for a period of 1year in Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu. The ethnomedicinal information were collected from Siddha medical practitioners. The collected data were analyzed through quantitative analysis. The molecular docking studies were performed three marketed drugs and eleven different medicinal plant compounds against HBeAg using Schrodinger suite. A total of 33 species of plants distributed in 22 genera belonging to 22 families were identified as commonly used ethno medicinal plants by traditional Siddha practitioners in Thiruvarur. An interesting point in molecular docking study is that luteolin is an effective inhibitor for the inhibition of HBV when compared to commercial drugs. Traditional Siddha medical practitioner and remarkable medicinal plant knowledge and uses were documented for the study area.
Authors:Shakeel Ahmed; Saiqa Ikram Pages: 27 - 37 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Shakeel Ahmed, Saiqa Ikram Over the last decade, much interest has been developed in biopolymer based materials due to their biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and non-allergenic nature. Chitosan is a unique biopolymer that exhibits outstanding properties, besides biocompatibility and biodegradability. Most of these peculiar properties arise from the presence of primary amines along the chitosan backbone. Many works have been done to obtain chitosan based scaffolds, including surface modifications, the fabrication of chitosan based blends, chitosan based composite scaffolds, and drug-loaded scaffolds. This study provides an overview of the key features of inherent properties of chitosan, their modification, and its use in biomedical engineering particularly toward anti-inflammatory and wound healing.
Authors:Ivan V. Seryodkin Pages: 38 - 47 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Ivan V. Seryodkin
Authors:Elena A. Pimenova; Mikhail N. Gromyko; Svetlana N. Bondarchuk; Vera F. Malysheva; Ekaterina F. Malysheva; Alexander E. Kovalenko Pages: 48 - 56 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Elena A. Pimenova, Mikhail N. Gromyko, Svetlana N. Bondarchuk, Vera F. Malysheva, Ekaterina F. Malysheva, Alexander E. Kovalenko The characteristics of four stages of demutational succession of a valley Korean pine–broadleaf forest are provided according to the parameters most vividly capturing the structure of the plant community and influencing the renewal and mycorrhization of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedlings. It was found that Korean pine seedlings grow in a competitive environment on the fresh burned site; hence the mycorrhization occurs from specialized symbiotes that provide competitive advantages and adaptation to stress factors. Mycorrhiza forms the least successful in the 50–60-year-old larch–birch–spiraea association during the seral stages of succession. The 90–100-year-old birch–broadleaf association offers the most suitable soil and cenotic conditions for the development of Korean pine seedlings that can successfully generate mycorrhiza from both the spores present in the thick soil layer, and through mycelia of shared mycorrhizal networks of seral and primary (including Korean pine) tree species. A 230–250-year-old climax community comprises all patterns to ensure that pine seedlings encounter a fungal component; in this community the greatest abundance of species and a balanced composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi communities of Korean pine are observed.
Authors:Olga S. Zagainova; Nikolay I. Markov; Eugene V. Zinovjev Pages: 57 - 64 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Olga S. Zagainova, Nikolay I. Markov, Eugene V. Zinovjev We studied the remains of Coleoptera in Asian badger (Meles leucurus Hodgson, 1847) scats collected during 6years in the northern forest-steppe zone of Urals region (Sverdlovsk Region). Species list and also ecological (habitat) groups and size classes' ratios were compared with the results of censuses of insects made by pitfall traps in the same study area and with literature data for the southern taiga and the northern forest-steppe zones of Urals region. Badgers consumed mainly the beetles living in the ground and herbal layers. The highest number of individuals was observed for big beetles (15–30mm), while the highest number of species was found for small beetles (5–10mm). Ecological (habitat) groups and size classes' ratios were different for the insects consumed by badger and those caught in pitfall traps. Such differences should be taken into account in the studies where predators' food remains are the main (or the only) source of information about the insect fauna. Assessments of the availability of insects for badgers cannot be based only on the data of pitfall-trap censuses, but other entomological methods should be used as well.
Authors:Andrei P. Cherniaev; Aleksandra S. Kondakova; Ekaterina N. Zyk Pages: 65 - 71 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Andrei P. Cherniaev, Aleksandra S. Kondakova, Ekaterina N. Zyk The determination of 4-nonylphenols has been developed using HPLC with fluorescence detection method. 4-Nonylphenols in sea water samples were extracted using a liquid–liquid extraction. Acidification and adding salting-out agents (NaI) of water samples increased the extraction degree. The extraction of 4-nonylphenols was done twice with 20mL of methylene chloride. The applied concentrated range was over 5–1000ng/mL for the 4-nonylphenol. The recovery test ranged from 78.5 to 89.9% with relative standard deviations between 1.0 and 7.5% of 100ng/mL of the standard phenols spiked with the water sample and the detection limit was 1ng/mL. The proposed method was applied satisfactorily for the determination of 4-nonylphenole in sea water samples. Levels of 4-nonylphenol were determined in the sea waters of the Amur Bay. Water samples were collected every year from 2008 to 2015. Concentrations of 4-nonylphenol in the waters ranged from levels below the detection limits up to 1.24μg/L.
Authors:Chukwuma S. Ezeonu; Ikechukwu N.E. Onwurah; Chibuike S. Ubani; Chigozie M. Ejikeme; Alloysius C. Ogodo Pages: 72 - 79 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Chukwuma S. Ezeonu, Ikechukwu N.E. Onwurah, Chibuike S. Ubani, Chigozie M. Ejikeme, Alloysius C. Ogodo Trichophyton soudanense and Trichophyton mentagrophyte were isolated from the rice mill environment, cultured, and used singly and as co-culture in the treatment of measure quantities of pre-heated rice husk. Carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 57.61μg/ml/min was optimum for T. mentagrophyte-treated rice husk crude enzymes at 50°C and 80°C, respectively. The duration of 120h gave the highest CMCellulase activity of 75.84μg/ml/min for crude enzyme of T. mentagrophyte heat-pretreated rice husk. The duration of 96h gave maximum activity of 58.21μg/ml/min for crude enzyme of T. soudanense heat-pretreated rice husk. Highest CMCellulase activities of 67.02μg/ml/min and 69.02μg/ml/min at pH of 5 were recorded for crude enzymes of monocultures of T. soudanense (TS) and T. mentagrophyte (TM) heat-pretreated rice husk. Heating before treatment with T. mentagrophyte gave 44.50±10.90 cellulose as maximum, total lignin value of 28.90±1.80 from co-culture of T. soudanense and T. mentagrophyte (TS+TM), hemicellulose content of 30.50±2.12 (%±SEM) from pre-heated rice husk treated with T. soudanense (TS), carbohydrate content of 16.79±9.14, and reducing and non-reducing sugar values of 2.66±0.45 and 14.13±8.69 were all obtained from for pre- heated rice husk treated with T. mentagrophyte (TM). The pre-heated rice husk treated with T. mentagrophyte (TM) fermented with palm wine yeast gave bioethanol value of 11.11±0.21 (%±standard deviation) as the highest yield.
Authors:Melese Yilma; Gezahegne Mamo; Bedaso Mammo Pages: 80 - 86 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Melese Yilma, Gezahegne Mamo, Bedaso Mammo The economic and public health impact of brucellosis remains of concern in developing countries. The disease can generally cause significant loss of productivity through abortion, still birth, low herd fertility and comparatively low milk production. In Ethiopia brucellosis prevalence studies have been conducted in different agro-ecology of the country. But, in general there was information gap on disease dynamics, identification of strain circulating in the region. The paper reviewed the distribution of brucellosis in different regions of Ethiopia and its prevalence among different livestock hosts. Risk factors for the occurrence of brucellosis and finally, different strategies for the control and prevention of brucellosis under Ethiopian conditions are discussed.
Authors:Jiwon Han Pages: 87 - 101 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Jiwon Han When a half-full Bordeaux glass is oscillated sideways at 4Hz, calm waves of wine gently ripple upon the surface. However, when a cylindrical mug is subject to the same motion, it does not take long for the liquid to splash aggressively against the cup and ultimately spill. This is a manifestation of the same principles that also make us spill coffee when we walk. In this study, we first investigate the physical properties of the fluid-structure interaction of the coffee cup; in particular, the frequency spectrum of each oscillating component is examined methodically. It is revealed that the cup's oscillation is not monochromatic: harmonic modes exist, and their proportions are significant. As a result, although the base frequency of the cup is considerably displaced from the resonance region, maximum spillage is initiated by the second harmonic mode of driving force that the cup exerts on its contents. Thus, we spill coffee. As an application of these experimental findings, a number of methods to reduce liquid spillage are investigated. Most notably, an alternative method to hold the cup is suggested; in essence, by altering the mechanical structure of the cup-holding posture, we can effectively suppress the higher frequency components of the driving force and thus stabilize the liquid oscillation. In an attempt to rationalize all we have investigated above, a mechanical model is proposed. Due to practicalities, rather than to construct a dynamical system using Newton's equation of motion, we choose to utilize the Euler-Lagrangian equations. Extensive simulation studies reveal that our model, crude in its form, successfully embodies the essential facets of reality. This liberates us to make two predictions that were beyond our experimental limits: the change in magnitude of the driving force and the temporal stabilization process.
Authors:Panagal Mani; Pethanen Sivakumar; Shanmugasundaram Senthil Balan Pages: 102 - 110 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Panagal Mani, Pethanen Sivakumar, Shanmugasundaram Senthil Balan The use and commercial applications of biosurfactants in the petroleum industries have been raised during the past decades. Marine bacteria and their efficiency in crude oil recovery has been less studied than terrestrial strain, hence this present study. A novel marine bacterium Bacillus simplex having promising biosurfactant production was isolated from a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated coastal sea sediment samples of Nagapattinam fishing harbor, Tamil Nadu, India. This strain showed most economical biosurfactant production with an agro-industrial waste substrate, sunflower oil cake at 54th h time incubation along with the cultural conditions of 20ppt salinity, 35°C temperature, and pH7. The produced biosurfactant was purified, which was accounted at 908±7mg/L on dry weight basis. The biosurfactant was identified as lipopeptide with a molecular mass of 1111.1Da which was deduced using TLC, biochemical estimation methods, FT-IR, NMR, and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Furthermore, this purified lipopeptide surfactant showed consistent and enhanced crude oil recovering efficiency under different salinity conditions (0–30%). Based on the above facts, the isolated novel marine bacterium proved its cheaper production of novel biosurfactant and its promising oil recovering efficiency even at hypersaline conditions. Further, this is the first report of a biosurfactant from the bacterium Bacillus simplex.
Authors:Keyuri Mokashi; Vishaka Shetty; Sangeetha Annie George; G. Sibi Pages: 111 - 117 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Keyuri Mokashi, Vishaka Shetty, Sangeetha Annie George, G. Sibi Chlorella vulgaris was isolated from sewerage treatment plant and grown in the presence of sodium bicarbonate as carbon source at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0gL−1. Highest specific growth rate (0.653μd−1) was obtained with 1gL−1 bicarbonate followed by 0.5gL−1 (0.641d−1) on 15th day culturing. Total chlorophyll content of microalgae has increased in a dose dependent fashion with bicarbonate addition and maximum level recorded in 1gL−1 (0.769±0.09gL−1). The biomass productivity was in the range of 0.237–0.996gd−1 L−1. Rate of CO2 fixation and carbon content, in terms of quantity was estimated. Results showed that at 1gL−1 sodium bicarbonate concentration, maximum CO2 fixation (0.497g/dry weight) and carbon content (0.69gmL−1 day−1) was found. Biomass concentration was significantly higher (p<0.05) in cultures (1.54gL−1) supplemented with 1gL−1 bicarbonate whereas there was no much difference in cellular lipid concentration (16mgmL−1). GC–MS analysis of fatty acids showed highest amounts of palmitic acid, myristic and stearic acid. In summary, the addition of sodium bicarbonate increases cellular abundance, chlorophyll content and to some extent in the case of lipid content in C. vulgaris integrated with CO2 sequestration.
Authors:Maria S. Avtushenko; Svetlana N. Kovalchuk; Galina N. Likhatskaya; Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva; Thomas Haertlé Pages: 118 - 124 Abstract: Publication date: June 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Maria S. Avtushenko, Svetlana N. Kovalchuk, Galina N. Likhatskaya, Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva, Thomas Haertlé The gene of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase, which was discovered in mammals, has been widely found in marine mollusk Littorina sitkana. High conservation of this gene indicates the functional importance of TPST in the metabolism of the living world. The cDNA encoding TPST in the mollusk was cloned and sequenced, and the enzyme was assigned on the basis of amino acid sequence similarity as tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 (TPST-2). The putative homology model for the catalytic domain of TPST from L. sitkana was constructed according to crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the human TPST-2. The putative model of dimer structure showed that the active site involved two monomers and the dimer contains two active centers.
Authors:Irina Bakunina; Yuliya Dubrovskaya Galina Likhatskaya Lubov Slepchenko Vasiliy Golotin Abstract: Publication date: 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Supplement Author(s): Irina Y. Bakunina, Yuliya V. Dubrovskaya, Galina N. Likhatskaya, Lubov A. Slepchenko, Vasiliy A. Golotin, Larissa A. Balabanova, Vladimir B. Krasochin, Larissa K. Shubina, Tatiana N. Makarieva
Authors:Irina Bakunina; Lubov Slepchenko Galina Likhatskaya Natalia Kim Vladimir Isakov Abstract: Publication date: 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Supplement Author(s): Irina Y. Bakunina, Lubov A. Slepchenko, Galina N. Likhatskaya, Natalia Y. Kim, Vladimir V. Isakov, Larissa A. Balabanova, Vasiliy A. Golotin, Valery A. Rasskazov
Authors:Svetlana Ermakova; Roza Usoltseva Natalia Shevchenko Tatiana Imbs Olesya Malyarenko Abstract: Publication date: 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Supplement Author(s): Svetlana P. Ermakova, Roza V. Usoltseva, Natalia M. Shevchenko, Tatiana I. Imbs, Olesya S. Malyarenko, Tatiana S. Zaporozhets, Natalia N. Besednova, Tatiana N. Zvyagintseva
Authors:Yulia Fedonenko; Stella Yevstigneeva Elena Sigida Vyachelslav Grinev Evelina Zdorovenko Abstract: Publication date: 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Supplement Author(s): Yulia P. Fedonenko, Stella S. Yevstigneeva, Elena N. Sigida, Vyachelslav S. Grinev, Evelina L. Zdorovenko, Kirill V. Volkov, Svetlana A. Konnova
Authors:Irina Larskaya; Oksana Trofimova Tatyana Gorshkova Abstract: Publication date: 2016 Source:Achievements in the Life Sciences, Volume 10, Supplement Author(s): Irina A. Larskaya, Oksana I. Trofimova, Tatyana A. Gorshkova
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