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International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Number of Followers: 2  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 2349-3283 - ISSN (Online) 2349-3291 Published by Medip Academy  [12 journals]
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- Nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy in a selected tertiary
care hospital
Authors: M. Afiya Sultana, M. Jahangir Chowdhury, A. F. M. Farhad, Mohammad Ahad Adnan, Wahida Khanam, M. Asma Akter
Pages: 1756 - 1763
Abstract: Background: Nutritional status in children with chronic disease like cerebral palsy is crucial in growth and development. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing nutritional status of children with CP by using anthropometric indices and few associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in ICMH, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 30 children underwent proper history taking and thorough anthropometric examinations. Twenty-four hours dietary recall method was used for estimating approximate calorie intake. Results: Out of 30 children two thirds age was under 60 months and mean±SD age was 59.2±33.1 months. 60.0% children were male and majority (86.7%) of children were found calorie intake ≤50 percent of adequate calorie intake. Most (83.3%) of studied children presented with spastic quadriplegia, in according to age, 2 group were created (<60 months & ≥60 months). In children under 5 years age, 75.0% were severely wasted, 35.0% were severely stunted, 85.0% were severely underweight and 75.0% were severely malnourished. In ≥5 years, 60.0% were severely stunted and 90.0% were underweight or thin. Wasting and\underweight had significant association with swallowing difficulty and inadequate calorie intake in under 5 years age group and stunting had significant association with those factors in ≥5 years age group. Conclusions: This study shows that undernutrition affects a large number of children with CP in a selected tertiary care hospital. Risk of severe undernutrition increases with swallowing difficulty.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233595
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Paediatric blunt abdominal trauma with organ injury: a comprehensive
analysis of cases at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: M. Zamil Hossain, M. Nowshad Ali, Amar Kumar Saha, S. M. Ahsan Shahid, Shantona Rani Paul
Pages: 1764 - 1770
Abstract: Background: Pediatric blunt abdominal trauma with organ injuries is a critical issue in Bangladesh, lacking sufficient research. This study focuses on managing such cases in a tertiary hospital. Objectives were to assess clinical characteristics, injury patterns, and outcomes of pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma and organ injuries. It aims to identify causes, associated injuries, and hospital stay durations. Methods: A prospective study of 142 pediatric patients aged 1-12 was conducted at Rajshahi medical college hospital study period January 2020 to December 2021. In addition, this study aimed to identify and grade solid organ injuries according to the American association for the surgery of trauma organ injury scale. Results: Prevalence of hepatic injuries (76.8%), solid organ injuries (90.1%), road traffic accidents (71.8%), falls from height (25.4%). Most received conservative treatment, had short hospital stays, and a 7% mortality rate. Gender had no significant impact on organ injuries (p>0.001). Among the causes, 84.5% had hepatic injuries, 15.5% had spleen injuries due to road traffic accidents, and 58.3% had injuries from falls from height, with a highly significant cause-organ injury relationship (p<0.001). Conclusions: pediatric blunt abdominal injuries in Bangladesh affect various organs, primarily in males and school-aged children, primarily due to road accidents. Timely surgical intervention and preventive measures are crucial for improved outcomes.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233596
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with cord albumin among term
appropriate for gestational age neonates
Authors: Shweta K. Shah, Anand K. Jha, Satish Sharma, Sanjay Gupta
Pages: 1771 - 1777
Abstract: Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is the most common abnormality seen during the neonatal period. It affects nearly 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates during the first week of life. Early discharge of healthy term and late preterm newborns after normal vaginal delivery is a common practice however there are reports of bilirubin induced brain damage (kernicterus) occurring in these infants. Therefore, to ascertain whether cord albumin can be used as a reliable indicator for predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: A tertiary care hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 142 healthy late preterm and term newborns of either gender with icterus appearing only after 24 hour of life with no other illness using a non-probability sampling method. Data analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 16. Chi-square was used to determine the association between cord albumin and hyperbilirubinemia. Results: There is a significant negative correlation between cord albumin and serum bilirubin at 72-96 hours of life (p=0.001). A total of 142 healthy late preterm and term neonates included. The study group based on Cord serum albumin (CSA) levels ≤2.8 g/dl, 2.9-3.3 g/dl, and ≥3.4 g/dl shows 77.27%, 22.7% and none respectively developed NH requiring phototherapy. According to receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, the cutoff point of 2.75 g/dl provides the best sensitivity and specificity result. Conclusions: Cord serum albumin level ≥3.4 g/dl are probably safe for early discharge whereas cord serum albumin level <3.4 g/dl will need a close follow-up to check for the development of jaundice.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233597
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- A descriptive study on the risk factors of preterm birth with its maternal
and fetal outcomes at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Raghavendra M. Doddamani, Tejaswi V. Pujar, Gayathri L. Patil, Achala K. P., Rakshith B.
Pages: 1778 - 1782
Abstract: Background: India contributes to greatest number of preterm births all over the world. The global annual prevalence of preterm birth ranges from 9-12%. It is the most common indication for antenatal hospitalization and is the leading cause for under-five mortality. Aims and objectives were to study the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, effectiveness of timely intervention and, maternal and fetal outcomes of preterm birth. Methods: A Prospective hospital based cross-sectional study was done from February 2021 to February 2022. Results: The incidence of preterm labour in the study was 24%. Majority of cases presented with symptoms of UTI (47%), vaginal discharge (43%) and leaking per vagina (13%). Infections were the most common aetiology, 40% of cases had positive urine and vaginal swab culture. The most common neonatal complications were respiratory distress syndrome (7%) and neonatal sepsis (7%), others included seizures (2%), birth asphyxia (1%), enterocolitis (1%), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (1%), intracranial hemorrhage (1%), meningitis (1%) and pulmonary hemorrhage (1%). 5% of neonatal deaths were noted. Conclusions: Urogenital infections were the commonest etiology for the onset of preterm labour, followed by gestational hypertensive disorders, previous history of preterm birth and anaemia in pregnancy. We conclude that in established preterm labour, aggressive management with antenatal corticosteroids, Magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection when indicated, antibiotic coverage and use of tocolytics with early in-utero transfer of mother to centres with equipped neonatal care units will improve the neonatal outcome.
PubDate: 2023-11-04
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233510
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among children aged 05 to 10 years
Authors: Dipak N. Khadke, Prabha Dasila, Nitin N. Kadam, M. Saeed Siddiqui
Pages: 1783 - 1788
Abstract: Background: Enuresis is common and considered to be normal among children younger than 3 years of age. Nocturnal enuresis is involuntary passage of urine during sleep among children five years of age or older. It is not a serious health problem, and children usually develop control over the bladder as they grow older but it can be upsetting for children as well as parents. India estimates 7 to 15 % prevalence rate among children and the numbers drop to 3 to 5% by the age of ten years. Objectives were to identify the children with Nocturnal Enuresis and assess their clinical profile. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted among the children age 05 to 10 years. Data were collected from two villages of Aurangabad district and the information was gathered from parents of 413 with the use of structured questionnaire. The first section included the socio- demographic characteristics of the children and their parents. The second section included variables related to the clinical profile and history of nocturnal enuresis in the family. Results: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 10.91% in which 06.94% were males and 03.97% females. With regard to severity 55% children were found to be in moderate category while 09% belonged to severe category of nocturnal enuresis. Conclusions: The prevalence rate was higher in selected villages. Most of the parents consider nocturnal enuresis as social stigma. Counseling and education of parents would help in improving general health of children in rural area.
PubDate: 2023-11-06
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233513
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Association of early life factors with metabolic syndrome in school going
adolescents of an urban south Indian population: a case control study
Authors: Kiran Araballi, Meenakshi B. Ramanna, Roopa M. Bellad
Pages: 1789 - 1795
Abstract: Background: Multiple factors are attributed for the increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents. Association of early life factors like birth weight with adolescent MS is not clearly understood. Objectives were to study the association of early life factors with adolescent MS between aged 10- 15 years of Belagavi city. Methods: Study design: Case control Study. Study period: January 2018 to December 2018. Study population: Adolescents of age group, 10 to 15 years from the schools of Belagavi, 400 adolescents (186-cases and controls-214) were enrolled and who were having waist circumference ≥90th percentile for that age and gender were subjected to the laboratory investigations to diagnose MS. Data regarding early life factors like birth weight, gestational age and breast feeding was obtained by parental interview. Results: Overall prevalence as per the international diabetes federation criteria was 11% and a significant difference in the prevalence between cases and controls (15.05% vs 7.48%) (p=0.0160) was observed. Positive association was observed between initiation, exclusivity, and total duration of breast feeding with MS (OD: 3.66, 2.01, 1), indicating no protection of these factors for development of MS. Birth weight had a positive association with MS (OD=7.26). Conclusions: The study showed no protective association between the initiation, exclusivity and the total duration of breastfeeding with MS. However, lower middle SES, family history of hypertension (HTN), central obesity, high BMI, high TG, and low HDL were significantly associated with increased risk of MS.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233598
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Age and sex-specific waist circumference percentiles among school children
in Chennai
Authors: Sravanthi Kosuri, Satheesh C.
Pages: 1796 - 1800
Abstract: Background: The aim was to develop age- and sex-specific waist circumference percentiles for school children aged 5 to 17 years in Chennai. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done among school children in Chennai. A total of 1124 children aged 5 to 17 years were included in the study, of which 540 were female and 584 were male. Anthropometric details, weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The percentiles for waist circumference according to age and gender was done using SPSS 28.0. Khadilkar et al suggested a cutoff of 70th centile screening for central obesity and risk for metabolic syndrome; similarly, we plotted 70th WC percentiles. Results: Age- and sex-specific WC percentiles (5th, 10th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th) were provided. Our study revealed a higher prevalence of overweight or obesity (40.6%) in children (overweight: 21.08%, obesity: 19.50%) when compared to other school studies. BMI in children with WC >70th percentile revealed 87% of them were overweight or obese. A strong and significant statistical correlation was observed between waist circumference and overweight or obesity (p<0.001). Conclusions: Age- and sex-specific reference curve percentiles for waist circumference and cut-off values greater than the 70th percentile for schoolchildren were provided. We strongly recommend utilising waist circumference as an anthropometrical tool to quantify central obesity in schoolchildren.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233599
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Temperature assessment in newborn: a better method
Authors: Prashanth M. R., Pavithra Shree B. E., Namratha K. B.
Pages: 1801 - 1805
Abstract: Background: Accurate temperature assessment is essential in neonatal care as minor temperature changes can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of newborns. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of three different types of thermometers, including non-contact infrared, digital, and mercury thermometers, for temperature assessment in newborns. Methods: This was a prospective, comparative study conducted between April 2022 and August 2022 in Cheluvamba hospital, Mysuru. A total of 400 healthy newborns were included in the study. Temperature readings were taken from the mid-forehead non-contact infrared thermometer and axilla using digital and mercury thermometers, while maintaining aseptic precautions. Parental oral consent was obtained for participation. Results: The mean temperature recorded with the digital thermometer in the axilla was statistically higher than that recorded with the mercury thermometer. The non-contact infrared thermometer showed a strong positive correlation with the mercury thermometer for the axilla region. Conclusions: The digital thermometer is a useful device for easy and valid measurement of skin temperature in newborns, especially when applied to the axilla. The findings suggest that the use of digital thermometers for axillary temperature measurement in neonates is supported by previous studies, which have reported their accuracy and reliability in comparison to mercury thermometers. The non-contact infrared thermometer may have limitations and its accuracy may vary depending on the site of measurement. The use of digital thermometers for neonatal temperature measurement may be more convenient, less hazardous, and equally reliable compared to traditional mercury thermometers.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233600
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Comparison of clinical presentation and outcome of neonatal SARS-COV2
during second wave from April-May 2021 and third wave from December 2021
to January 2022 in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Bhaswati Ghoshal, Akhila Andra
Pages: 1806 - 1812
Abstract: Background: SARS-COV-2 manifestations in neonates acquired in the later part of neonatal life, were compared over 2 peaks over April-May 2021 (2nd wave) and (December 2021 to January 2022) (3rd wave). Setting: Study was done in Calcutta National Medical College, a tertiary care center of eastern India. Methods: Cross sectional study was done among the admitted neonatal cases in COVID designated NICU. Neonates acquired the COVID-19 infection after birth. All mothers were tested negative during delivery. Results: 40 neonates were admitted in April-May 2021 in COVID designated NICU and 42 neonates were admitted in December to January 2022. 66.6% mothers were COVID-19 RTPCR positive in December-January 2022 cases than 49.3% mothers in April-May 2021. These mothers were tested as COVID-19 negative at the time of delivery. None of the mothers were vaccinated in 2021 cases. Only 13.3% mothers received two doses of COVID-19 vaccination in December-January 2022 cases. Initial complaints were lethargic, not arousable (22.7%) and poor respiratory effort (27.5%) in December-January 22 cases. Respiratory (rapid breathing 40%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea 25.3%) were more predominant in neonates who were admitted in April-May 2021 than neonates who presented on January 2022. Hospital stay was significantly less in neonates in December-January 2022 (p=0.005). Genome sequencing revealed Omicron BA-2 in January 2022. Conclusions: Clinical presentations differ in neonates in April-May 2021 and December-January 2022 probably due to difference in the nature of the virus.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233601
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Regression equations for peak expiratory flow rate in children aged 5-10
years of Western Maharashtra, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sonal S. Joshi, Seemi A. Retharekar
Pages: 1813 - 1818
Abstract: Background: Incidence of pulmonary diseases in urban children is on the rise. Peak expiratory flow rate, a component of pulmonary function tests, is a useful measure for initial pulmonary assessment. It is easily implementable on large population due to its simplicity. Studies presenting such data for Indian children are severely lacking, as PEFR is anthropometric, population and region specific. The present study aimed to establish an equation for predicting PEFR in urban children in Pune city in western Maharashtra, India. Methods: The cross-sectional study was done in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Children from different schools were selected by cluster sampling. The number of participants screened was 2100 of which 1760 were selected. Best of three readings of PEFR was recorded for each child using an EU Scale Peak Flow meter (Breath-O meter, Cipla). Anthropometric data like height, weight, chest expansion, waist/hip ratio were measured and BMI was calculated along with PEFR of each child. Results: Out of the 1760 children included in the study 933 (53%) were boys and 827 (47%) were girls. The stepwise regression analyses were carried out using age, height, weight and waist/hip ratio as predictor variables. Conclusions: Final regression equation was derived using height. Approximately 80% of the data was used for prediction of regression equation and remaining 20% data was used as a control group to validate the derived equation. The regression equation formulated shall offer a predicted PEFR value as guideline for healthcare workers in Pune city, Maharashtra, India.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233602
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Base excess as a predictor of neonatal mortality in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Sushrutha K. P., Hamsa M. , Lingaraju N., Sampath Kumar C.
Pages: 1819 - 1823
Abstract: Background: Neonatal sepsis is responsible for approximately 15% of all neonatal deaths in the world. Despite of availability in advanced medical healthcare facilities for mother and neonates, incidence of mortality secondary to sepsis especially in developing countries like India is more common. Metabolic acidosis is the most common form of acid base imbalance in neonatal sepsis which can be analyzed with increased levels of base excess. Hence early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis can be done by determining base excess. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in NICU at Cheluvamba Hospital, Mysore. 73 term neonates with suspected sepsis were enrolled in the study who were on regular follow-up and treatment till death/discharged from NICU. Base excess value is obtained from the arterial blood gas analysis from each subject and it was compared with survivor and non-survivor group along with other study parameter Results: Out of 73 subjects, incidence of non survivors group with severe increase in base excess is 75%. To predict the mortality, we compared it with standard base excess which showed the prediction of more than 60%, with significant AOC (0.827) of very near to one in ROC curve, with statistically significant (p<0.001) sensitivity of 92.59%, specificity of 63.04%, positive predictive value of 59.5%, negative predictive value of 93.5%. Conclusions: In present study we have proved that base excess is an important parameter for the early diagnosis and for early intervention in neonatal sepsis.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233603
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding
thermoregulation of neonates among B.Sc. nursing fourth year students of
Sister Nivedita Govt. nursing college, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Alka, Prabha Kashyap
Pages: 1824 - 1831
Abstract: Background: A newborn baby is a God’s divine precious gift given to a mother. Immediately after birth thermal conditions of newborn dramatically change. Neonates should be nursed within their ‘neutral thermal environment’. Cold stress can cause serious metabolic consequences for all newborns. Health professionals have responsibility to ensure that thermoregulatory needs of the infant. Hence, current study was planned to access and to improve knowledge regarding Thermoregulation of Neonates among B.Sc. Nursing 4th year students. Methods: A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used for the study. Total 30 B.Sc. Nursing 4th year students of Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College, IGMC Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) was taken as study sample. Convenient sampling technique was used. Ethical approval was taken from institutional ethical committee. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire of 30 questions was used to collect the data. After conducting pre-test, planned teaching programme was provided by using the power point presentation, and knowledge score of both pre-test and post-test was compared. Results: The level of knowledge regarding pre- test and post -test mean scores are 12.43 and 22.03 respectively. Paired t-test calculated value was 16.103 which was much higher than the table value at p<0.001. Conclusions: The study concluded that the Planned teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of B.Sc. nursing 4h year students regarding thermoregulation of neonates.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233604
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Prevalence of dental trauma in permanent anterior teeth in 6-12-year-old
children in school going children of East Delhi
Authors: Deepak Khandelwal, Namita Kalra, Rishi Tyagi, Amit Khatri, Padma Yangdol
Pages: 1832 - 1836
Abstract: Background: Traumatic dental injury affects many children and adolescents, and it considered a challenging public health problem. Injuries involving permanent teeth are one of the most common types of trauma to the maxillofacial area. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries varies greatly, and it ranges from 4% to 58% Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried among 700 school children aged 6 and 12 years in East Delhi. A list of primary and secondary schools of East Delhi area was obtained. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select the study population. The children aged 6-12 years with signed consent and in whom permanent anteriors had erupted were included in the study. The oral examination was conducted by a single calibrated examiner using WHO oral health assessment Performa 2013. Results: Overall prevalence was 7.71%. Dental trauma was 1.90%, 10.27% and 10.12% respectively in Group I, Group II and Group III respectively. Female reported with 7.57 % and males with 10.81% (p=0.001). Maxillary Central incisors were found to be the most frequent teeth to be injured. Conclusions: Parents may lack information regarding the consequences of dental trauma and don't report for dental consultation. Along with seeking dental care, patient must be educated about the use of protective mouth guards while playing contact sports which may help to reduce the incidence and severity of dental injuries.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233605
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Spectrum of congenital heart diseases in children (<5 years) in a tertiary
care centre
Authors: Aneeta Chaudhary, Arun Kumar Arya, Tanu Midha
Pages: 1837 - 1840
Abstract: Background: Congenital heart diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children. The aim of the study was to know the spectrum of congenital heart diseases in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This was a prospective, hospital based observational study done in Lala Lajpat Rai Hospital, Kanpur. Duration of study was 12 months. Patients with strong clinical suspicion of cardiac disease were enrolled and detailed clinical examination and laboratory findings of these cases were noted in a pre-structured proforma. The confirmation of presence of congenital heart disease was done by echocardiography. Results: 150 patients aged below 5 years presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of CHD were evaluated in this study. 91 were found to have congenital heart disease. We found VSD in 31.87%, ASD in 29.98%, PDA in 9.9% TOF in 5.49% and complex heart diseases in 16.48% cases. When considering the age at presentation, we found maximum number of cases (46.15%) in 1 to 12 months of age, 37.37% cases in neonatal period, 16.48% cases in 1 to 5 years of age. Most common presenting complaint was difficulty in breathing, followed by feeding difficulty. Conclusions: Ventricular septal defect 31.87% was the commonest heart disease, followed by ASD 29.98%. The majority of these patients were seen in the age group 1 to 12 months of age.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233606
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Evaluation of haematological scoring system as a screening tool for early
detection of neonatal sepsis
Authors: Akshay Radhakrishnan, Jayaram Sankar K. R.
Pages: 1841 - 1844
Abstract: Background: Early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia is a vexing problem because of its nonspecific clinical picture. Hence the timely diagnosis of sepsis in neonates is critical as the illness can be rapidly progressive and, in some instances, fatal. The current study was undertaken to assess the significance of the hematological scoring system (HSS) for early detection of neonatal sepsis. Objectives were to assess the effectiveness of HSS in early detection of neonatal sepsis by comparing it with blood culture result, in neonates who were clinically suspected to have bacterial infection Methods: This is a descriptive study done in TDMCH, Vandanam for a period of 1 year. All babies who were at risk of developing sepsis were studied after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected and subjected to sepsis work up. HSS scoring was done. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), Negative predictive value (NPV) of HSS and each of its components were calculated. Results: Among the 85 neonates studied, 39 (45.9%) were blood culture positive, 42 (49.4%) had HSS score of 5 or more. HSS score had sensitivity of 92.31%, specificity of 86.96%, PPV of 85.71% and NPV of 93.02%. Conclusions: HSS score of ≥5 had high NPV and would play a major role in ruling out neonatal sepsis.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233607
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Application of array comparative genomic hybridization in clinical
diagnostics of intellectual disability/developmental delay in children
Authors: Komal Uppal, Lakshay Rana, Sunil Kumar Polipalli, Somesh Kumar, Ankur Jindal, Seema Kapoor
Pages: 1845 - 1853
Abstract: Background: This study was designed to analyze and evaluate the potential pathogenic genomic imbalance in children with unexplained intellectual disability (ID) and/or developmental delay (DD) and its association with phenotypes, and to investigate the value of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). Methods: A total of 72 Children with ID/DD were evaluated by array-CGH for detection of genomic copy number variations (CNVs). Results: The results of the array-CGH revealed that 10(14%) of the 72 patients had pathogenic CNVs, in that six cases had pathogenic CNV in a single chromosome, 2 cases had multiple microdeletions and 2 cases had combined microdeletion and microduplication, 2 cases had pathogenic CNVs in chromosome 1p36 and Xq28 region. One case had variation of unknown significance in chromosome region 15q11.2. Large bands of copy neutral loss of heterozygosity were detected in 2 cases comprising more than 10% of genome. Conclusions: Array-CGH being a high-throughput and rapid tool, allows for the etiological diagnosis in some of the children with unexplained ID/DD.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233608
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Pulmonary tuberculoma: does persistent imaging lesion equals treatment
failure'
Authors: Vilma Lopes, Joana Pinho, Maria Adriana Rangel, Tânia Guimarães, Isabel Carvalho
Pages: 1854 - 1856
Abstract: Pulmonary tuberculoma is a rare but challenging entity for paediatricians, regarding diagnosis and management. Treatment course is still up for discussion since tuberculomas may persist after treatment. The authors report two paediatric cases, both recently treated for latent tuberculosis infection, admitted for investigation of a solid pulmonary nodule. In both cases the thoracic CT scan showed a nodular subpleural lesion and the biopsy revealed epithelioid cells with areas of necrosis and calcification. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed in one case by detection of acid-fast bacilli in the smear and in the other by nucleic acid amplification test for M. tuberculosis. The patients presented good response to treatment with antituberculosis drugs, without need for surgical resection. These reports highlight the diagnostic and treatment challenges of this rare entity.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233609
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Facial nerve palsy in a neonate secondary to acute otitis media
Authors: Kshitij Saurabh, Ruchi Rai, D. K. Singh
Pages: 1857 - 1858
Abstract: Neonatal septicemia continues to be a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Acute otitis media may be associated with sepsis, though the association is not very common. Facial nerve palsy is a rare complication of otitis media in neonates. Other more common causes of facial nerve palsy are traumatic (birth trauma) and idiopathic (Bell’s palsy). Through this article, we report a rare case of facial nerve palsy secondary to otitis media in a neonate with sepsis.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233610
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Successful management of Gastroschisis baby at Tripura medical college and
Dr. BRAM teaching hospital: a rare case report
Authors: Aniruddha Basak, Sathi Dhar, Niladri Sekhar Dey
Pages: 1859 - 1861
Abstract: Gastroschisis is a congenital defect of the anterior abdominal wall in which the intestines and other abdominal organs, protrude from the abdomen through a small hole. In recent years rates of Gastroschisis have been increasing. Most of cases it is an isolated defect or associated with other anomalies. Ultrasonography can detect it within 14 weeks after physiological herniation. Gastroschisis and omphalocele are two defect that closely resemble each other. In this case, we discuss a newborn baby with gastroschisis being successfully managed and was discharged in healthy condition 21days later.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233611
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Biologic approach for fragment reattachment: a case report
Authors: Ambika Joshi, Nikhil Marwah, Mrunal Bandiwar, Harsha Patni, Vritika Singh
Pages: 1862 - 1865
Abstract: Crown fracture is most reported dental injury in maxillary anterior region with uncomplicated crown fractures in anterior region are most involved in adolescents and children. A 10-year-old boy reported to the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry with a chief complaint of fractured upper left front tooth region and gave history of fall 2 hours back and he was carrying a fractured fragment along with him. Clinical and radiographical examinations revealed Ellis class II fracture in maxillary left anterior region. After considering all other treatment options fractured fragment re-attachment with light cure composite resin was finalized as a treatment option.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233612
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Infantile Alexander’s disease
Authors: Dhanraj Selvamani, Bijoy Patra, Suryansh Arora, Shishir Chumber, Kavita Vani
Pages: 1866 - 1868
Abstract: Alexander disease is a rare, progressive debilitating disorder that affects the nervous system and causes significant neurological problems and developmental delays. The symptoms of Alexander disease vary depending on the type and severity of the disorder, but they typically include developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures and progressive neurological problems such as spasticity, weakness and ataxia. The proband is a case of a 9-month-old boy presenting with macrocephaly and neuroregression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hyperintense signal in white matter with predominant involvement of frontal white matter, ventriculomegaly and involvement of basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum. The diagnosis was confirmed on genetic analysis. Alexander’s disease is a rare neurodegenerative condition that characteristically presents with macrocephaly and high T2 signal in frontal white matter in infants.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233613
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Dengue encephalitis as a sole presentation of dengue fever in a child, is
it a separate clinical entity'
Authors: Radhapyari Lourembam, Rahees V. K., Shyamsunder Singh C.
Pages: 1869 - 1871
Abstract: Dengue fever is one of the common viral infections in tropical areas, especially in India. Though classically non-neurotropic in nature, recent literature has documented dengue viral neurotropism, suggesting possible elements of direct encephalitis. However, limited reports are available in paediatric age groups. Here we report a case of dengue encephalitis in a 3-year 6 months-old male child from Imphal, Manipur, India who presented with a history of fever, altered sensorium, and seizures. The anti-dengue immunoglobulin M antibodies were positive in serum. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated proteins and normal glucose. Neuroimaging was unremarkable. We also ruled out other causes of encephalitis by appropriate investigations. Our case did not have the typical salient features of dengue fever and recovered fully with the supportive treatment on time. The case highlights that dengue encephalitis may present even in the absence of neuroimaging findings and classical clinical signs of dengue fever. Hence, dengue encephalitis should be suspected in a child with fever with altered sensorium and seizures, especially in areas where dengue fever is endemic.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233614
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Urbach-Wiethe disease: a rare pediatric case report
Authors: Deepa Shetty, Kira Pariath, Paras Patel, Sanjay Vansh
Pages: 1872 - 1875
Abstract: Urbach-Wiethe disease also known as lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive Geno dermatosis.1 It is characterized by the deposition of an amorphous hyaline material in the skin, mucosa and viscera and is also known as cutaneous-mucosal hyalinosis.2,3 Parental consanguinities is identified in approximately 20% of Urbach-Wiethe disease cases. The classic manifestation due to laryngeal infiltration is a hoarse cry with its onset in infancy. Skin and mucous membrane changes become clinically apparent important consequences.4 Rarely, the central nervous system and respiratory tract may be involved resulting in seizures and airway obstruction, respectively. The lifespan is generally normal. We report a case of Urbach-Wiethe disease in a 6-year-old boy with hoarseness of voice who was started on oral acitretin therapy following his diagnosis. Oral acitretin can prove useful in cases of lipoid proteinosis who present with hoarseness of voice or vocal cord palsy. The mutations in the gene encoding extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) have been linked to lipoid proteinosis. Even though no effective treatment is known, acitretin has proved to reverse hoarseness of voice in few reported cases and was started in our case as it was his chief presenting complaint.
PubDate: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233615
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Lebrikizumab: a novel approach in managing atopic dermatitis in pediatric
patients
Authors: Diana M. Ibarra, Ana C. Morfin, Mariemily A. Coronado, Maricarmen Carrillo, Natalia Aguila
Pages: 1876 - 1880
Abstract: Atopic dermatitis is a prominent dermatological condition in children that frequently affects their lifestyle. Conventional treatments frequently prove inadequate, necessitating the use of biological agents like Lebrikizumab to address the condition at its core pathophysiological level. The introduction of biologic drugs has broadened the spectrum of treatment options for patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, especially those who have not achieved satisfactory results with conventional monotherapy or combination therapies, or those with contraindications to systemic immunosuppressive agents. Lebrikizumab appears to be a promising option for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, showing a strong response in clinical trials. It offers the potential for improved long-term efficacy and a reduction in adverse effects. This article provides an overview of Lebrikizumab's role in addressing the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and highlights its current advancements.
PubDate: 2023-11-04
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233511
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
- Effectiveness of riboflavin as prophylaxis of paediatric migraine
Authors: Mithun A. R. Kumaran
Pages: 1881 - 1885
Abstract: Paediatric migraine headache is a common condition for which there is no general consensus on the choice of prophylactic. Riboflavin has been considered as a potential prophylactic which is well tolerated. This review examines the current literature regarding the efficacy of riboflavin as a prophylactic. There have been mixed results from both retrospective studies as well as randomised controlled trials. Whilst the adverse effect profile is minimal compared to other migraine prophylactics, further well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are required.
PubDate: 2023-11-16
DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233545
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 12 (2023)
