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Baltistica
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0132-6503 - ISSN (Online) 2345-0045
Published by Vilnius University

[39 journals]

Containmentand support: similarities and variation in Lithuanian,
Latvian and Estonian
- Authors: Eglė Žilinskaitė-Šinkūnienė, Jurģis Šķilters, Līga Zariņa, Nora Bērziņa
  Abstract: This paper aims to describe how spatial semantic categories of containment and support are expressed in three languages, – Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian, – which are spoken in the same area, though only the first two of them are genealogically related. Our research is based on a production task (n = 60 for each language) consisting of answers to picture stimuli representing major subtypes of containment and support: full containment, partial containment and interlocking for containment and support-from-below, adhesion, hanging and encirclement with contact for support. The results show that the core types of containment and support, namely, full-containment and support-from-below, are expressed most homogenously and using least terms in all three languages, but other sub-types trigger more variety. Cross-linguistically, containment is expressed similarly in the Baltic languages, but in terms of conceptualization and expression of support, Latvian and Estonian share more commonalities. This provides new evidence for semantic diversity of the Baltic languages and language-contact induced peculiarities of Latvian.
  PubDate: 2020-01-15
  Issue No: Vol. 54 (2020)
Periphrastic causative constructions in 16th–17th c.
Lithuanian
- Authors: Jurgis Pakerys
  Abstract: This study analyzes periphrastic permissive and factitive causative constructions in a corpus of 16th and 17th century Old Lithuanian texts. In contrast to modern use, permissive constructions with duoti play a central role in many texts, while those with leisti are only more frequent in some sources and appear to have spread from the east to the west. Due to the influence of bifunctional German lassen constructions, duoti is used not only in permissive constructions, but also in factitive constructions, especially in Prussian Lithuanian. The permittees in duoti and leisti constructions are usually marked as dative, although the accusative is also attested due to the influence of German lassen + acc constructions; however, in the case of leisti, the accusative may sometimes be interpreted as archaic, marking the direct object of the source construction leisti ‘release’ + acc. In addition to permissive constructions with duoti and leisti, this paper also discusses rare cases of the archaic verb (pa-)velti and the borrowed Slavic permissives pa-velyti and pa-/pri-zvalyti. The majority of reflexive permissive constructions are based on duoti and contain a reflexive affixal marker on the matrix predicate, but constructions with an additional marker on the subordinate infinitive are also well-attested. In general, factitive constructions are less frequent than permissive ones and, just as in Modern Lithuanian, the most common factitive is (pri-)versti, but borrowed Slavic (pri-)sylyti is also attested in some sources.
  PubDate: 2020-01-15
  Issue No: Vol. 54 (2020)
Rodomojo įvardžio šìtas, šità vartosena kai kuriose rytų
aukštaičių uteniškių pašnektėse
- Authors: Gintarė Judžentytė-Šinkūnienė
  Abstract: Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami egzoforiškai vartojamo rodomojo įvardžio šìtas, šità vartosenos atvejai rytų aukštaičių pašnektėse, bandoma nustatyti, kada ir kodėl jis vartojamas kontekstuose, kuriuose labiau tikėtinas vadinamasis ‘tolimojo’ rodymo įvardis tas. Tyrimui pasirinktos kelios pašnektės: Obelių, Juodupės, Jauneikių, Stočkų. Surinkus, įvertinus ir išanalizavus medžiagą, paaiškėjo, kad fizinis atstumas (šiuo atveju – artumas) nuo kalbėtojo nėra vienintelis veiksnys, lemiantis rodomojo įvardžio šìtas, šità pasirinkimą. Tiesioginės komunikacijos akte tolimų objektų / subjektų užkodavimą vadinamuoju artimojo rodymo įvardžiu labai dažnai lemia lengvas referento atpažįstamumas adresato atžvilgiu, t. y. kalbėtojo manymas, kad kontekste yra pakankamai užuominų, padėsiančių adresatui identifikuoti objektą / subjektą.
  PubDate: 2020-01-15
  Issue No: Vol. 54 (2020)
Lietuvių dvikamienių vardų antrojo kamieno perdirbiniai – pagoniško
ir krikščioniško vardyno sąveikos rezultatas'
- Authors: Daiva Sinkevičiūtė
  Abstract: Lietuvos Metrikoje pasitaiko dvikamienių asmenvardžių, kurių antrieji kamienai sutampa su krikštavardžių kamienais. Dėl to buvo tirta, kaip tokių kamienų atsirado, nes anksčiau nustatyta, kad ši pozicija lietuvių dvikamieniuose varduose yra stabili: kuriant naujus vardus į ją perimamas senas lietuvių dvikamienių vardų kamienas. Tiriant vardus su antraisiais dėmenimis van-, vaš-, vant- ir jont- pastebėta, kad jie atsirado perdirbus dvikamienių vardų kamienus vain-, vaiš- ir jot-. Keturnariai CVvC struktūros lietuvių kamienai buvo perdirbti jų dvibalsį užrašius balsiu dėl rusėnų kalbos įtakos. Trinariai CVC struktūros kamienai, siekiant panašumo į antruosius CVCC struktūros dvikamienių vardų kamienus, buvo praplėsti pabaigos -t arba jiems po balsio buvo įterptas priebalsis -n-. Tokie perdirbimo atvejai nustatyti iš dvikamienių vardų, kurie turi tą patį pirmajį kamieną, variantiškai užrašytų antrųjų dėmenų. Dėl to manytina, kad dvikamienių vardų antrųjų kamienų sutapimas su krikštavardžių kamienais yra antrinis reiškinys.
  PubDate: 2020-01-15
  Issue No: Vol. 54 (2020)
Renginys, skirtas senųjų tekstų skaitmeninimui
- Authors: Gina Kavaliūnaitė, Birutė Kabašinskaitė, Ernesta Kazakėnaitė
  Abstract: –
  PubDate: 2020-01-15
  Issue No: Vol. 54 (2020)
Inherent versus configurational features
- Authors: Frederik Kortlandt
  Abstract: There is no example of phonological loss of a High tone on the basis of its position in a word form (as opposed to tonal shift and syntactically conditioned loss). The typological parallels adduced by Olander are all instances of doubly accented word forms resulting from the rise of a new High tone. The new High tone on an initial syllable can be attributed to contact with languages that have initial stress.
  PubDate: 2020-01-10
  Issue No: Vol. 54 (2020)
The frequency of the use of Baltic numerals: cognitive, linguistic, and
cultural factors
- Authors: Adriano Cerri
  Abstract: This work consists of a corpus-based study on the frequency of the use of numerals in Lithuanian and Latvian. The collected data display the following features: a) the high frequency of the lowest numerals; b) a generally decreasing trend from the first to the last element of each series (units, tens, etc.); c) peaks of frequency often corresponding to important structural positions in the system. In line with the data available for other languages, these features seem to confirm that the universal cognitive abilities and limitations of the speakers play a major role in structuring the frequency of the use of numerals. At the same time, cultural factors are also involved in the process of creating a cognitive hierarchy among number concepts. I suggest distinguishing between innate (cognitive) and non-innate (linguistic and cultural) saliency. The latter is responsible for the identification of reference numbers, thus giving greater credence to the partially relativistic hypothesis that the linguistic system influences the mental mapping of the speakers in the cognitive domain of numbers.
  PubDate: 2020-01-10
  Issue No: Vol. 54 (2020)