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Revista Facultad de Ingeniería
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0121-1129
Published by Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia

[10 journals]

Rock Wedge Stability Analysis by a Level III Reliability Method
- Authors: Rodrigo Hernandez-Carrillo, Gloria-Inés Beltrán-Calvo
  Abstract: In fractured rock masses, discontinuities control the mechanical response of rock slopes. They even define the geometry of a potential failure, known a kinematically controlled failure. Hence, a proper characterization and description are needed to assess their stability. Accordingly, in this work, a reliability assessment of rock wedges' stability was performed by a Monte Carlo simulation. The orientation of discontinuities was modeled as a random variable that follows the rotationally symmetric Fisher distribution. We developed an algorithm to define the modes of failure based on the orientation of planes, which was articulated within a methodology to compute the factor of safety of rock wedges explicitly. The algorithm systematically defines a set-up of joint planes. Then it verifies the relative location of the slope orientation on that set-up, which is related to the mode of failure of the rock wedge. The proposed algorithm was validated by comparison against commercial software; both yielded the same results. Besides, the probability of failure and the factor of safety probability function of removable wedges were computed for different concentration parameters. Reliability assessment showed the importance of properly characterizing the variability of joint orientation since the concentration highly influences the computed probability of failure. In addition, a proper definition of removable wedges by kinematic analysis is required before computing the factor of safety because many combinations of planes do not lead to unstable wedges, which reduces the probability of failure. Otherwise, it is overestimated. Finally, we recommend further work on rock wedge reliability assessment involving rotational nonsymmetric distribution.
  PubDate: 2023-03-09
  DOI: 10.19053/01211129.v32.n63.2023.14768
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 63 (2023)
Initialization and Local Search Methods Applied to the Set Covering
Problem: A Systematic Mapping
- Authors: Nelson-Enrique Quemá-Taimbud, Martha-Eliana Mendoza-Becerra, Oscar-Fernando Bedoya-Leyva
  Abstract: The set covering problem (SCP) is a classical combinatorial optimization problem part of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems. Many real-world applications can be modeled as set covering problems (SCPs), such as locating emergency services, military planning, and decision-making in a COVID-19 pandemic context. Among the approaches that this type of problem has solved are heuristic (H) and metaheuristic (MH) algorithms, which integrate iterative methods and procedures to explore and exploit the search space intelligently. In the present research, we carry out a systematic mapping of the literature focused on the initialization and local search methods used in these algorithms that have been applied to the SCP in order to identify them and that they can be applied in other algorithms. This mapping was carried out in three main stages: research planning, implementation, and documentation of results. The results indicate that the most used initialization method is random with heuristic search, and the inclusion of local search methods in MH algorithms improves the results obtained in comparison to those without local search. Moreover, initialization and local search methods can be used to modify other algorithms and evaluate the impact they generate on the results obtained.
  PubDate: 2023-02-28
  DOI: 10.19053/01211129.v32.n63.2023.15235
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 63 (2023)
Automatic Extractive Single Document Summarization: A Systematic Mapping
- Authors: Juan-David Yip-Herrera, Martha-Eliana Mendoza-Becerra, Francisco-Javier Rodríguez
  Abstract: Automatic Extractive Single Document Summarization (AESDS) is a research area that aims to create a condensed version of a document with the most relevant information; it acquires more importance daily due to the need of users to obtain information on documents published on the Internet quickly. In automatic document summarization, each element must be evaluated and ranked to generate a summary. As such, there are three approaches considering the number of objectives they evaluate: single-objective, multi-objective, and many-objective. This systematic mapping aims to provide knowledge about the methods and techniques used in extractive techniques for AESDS, analyzing the number of objectives and characteristics evaluated, which can be helpful for future research. This mapping was carried out using a generic process for the realization of systematic reviews where a search string was built considering some research questions. A filter was then used with inclusion and exclusion criteria for selecting primary studies with which it will carry out the analysis. Additionally, these studies are sorted according to the relevance of their content. This process is summarized in three main steps: planning, execution, and result analysis. At the end of the mapping, the following observations were identified: (i) There is a preference for the use of machine learning methods and the use of clustering techniques, (ii) the importance of using both types of characteristics (statistics and semantics), and (iii) the need to explore the many-objective approach.
  PubDate: 2023-02-28
  DOI: 10.19053/01211129.v32.n63.2023.15232
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 63 (2023)
IoT-ATL: Prototype of a Digital Twin to Simulate Educational Scenarios in
the Art and Technology Laboratories at the Departmental Institute of Fine
Arts in Cali, Colombia
- Authors: Oswaldo-Andrés Ordóñez-Bolaños, Luz-Marina Sierra-Martinez, Diego-Hernán Peluffo-Ordoñez
  Abstract: Digital Twins (DTs) have the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing, construction, maintenance, and control of industrial processes due to their ability to bridge the physical and digital realms. However, creating complex digital concepts requires carefully implementing appropriate methodologies and processes. This study presents a prototype digital twin of the art and technology laboratories at the Departmental Institute of Fine Arts in Cali, Colombia. We employ the Scrum agile development methodology to streamline the design and development process of the IoT-ATL prototype. A three-layer IoT architecture is established; it facilitates mapping the components of the digital twin and the physical elements to be simulated. The IoT-ATL prototype allows students and teachers to interact and learn about the physical state of the laboratory in a digital environment, thus increasing visibility of the availability and use of technological elements in the space.
  PubDate: 2023-02-22
  DOI: 10.19053/01211129.v32.n63.2023.15254
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 63 (2023)
Systematic Mapping of the Literature on Smells in Software Development
Requirements
- Authors: Mayra-Alejandra Castillo-Motta, Rubén-Darío Dorado-Córdoba, César-Jesús Pardo-Calvache, Carlos-Eduardo Orozco-Garcés
  Abstract: One of the activities responsible for the success of a software development project is the specification of requirements, whose purpose is to ensure that the wishes or needs of the client clearly and accurately represent what they expect. A clear and structured requirement specification process avoids reprocessing at later stages of the project life cycle, generating a benefit in terms of time estimation for new tasks, cost, and effort. In this sense, it is important to have mechanisms or techniques to identify and mitigate possible errors during the requirements specification. Software engineering proposes the term “smell”, which can be defined as a specific symptom that can generate defects in a requirement. The objective of this paper is to establish a broader state of knowledge on the smell identification and classification present during the requirements specification and their impact on the generation of a phenomenon known as requirements debt. This article presents the results obtained after carrying out a systematic mapping of the literature, describing the proposals, initiatives, results, technological tools, benefits and challenges of smell identification and management in the requirements-gathering stage during the software development solutions.
  PubDate: 2023-02-09
  DOI: 10.19053/01211129.v32.n63.2023.15233
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 63 (2023)
Digital Image Representation Model Enriched with Semantic Web
Technologies: Visual and Non-Visual Information
- Authors: Sandra-Milena Roa-Martínez, Caio Coneglian, Silvana Vidotti
  Abstract: The types of content of digital images, visual (syntactic and semantic) and non-visual, cause the complexity of their representation. Considering these contents separately hinders digital image retrieval because this creates a gap between the contents of the image and its representation. Therefore, this work aims to present a representation model of visual and non-visual information of digital images, with semantic enrichment through the Semantic Web technologies. For that, a qualitative methodology with a bibliographical approach was used. Theoretical subsidies of the topics addressed were sought, and it has an applied focus since it proposes a model and its exemplification. The developed model depicts the representation image process and allows the semantic enrichment of the data. This enrichment facilitates the retrieval in multiple contexts with technologies that favor the use of the data through inferences. Also, a use case with digital medical images is presented, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposal. It is concluded that the representation of visual and non-visual content aims to improve the way images are retrieved in digital information environments. The junction of the content and the context of images should be considered, even though search mechanisms usually treat this separately due to the disaggregation of image representation itself.
  PubDate: 2023-01-31
  DOI: 10.19053/01211129.v32.n63.2023.14815
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 63 (2023)
OntoCaimer: Towards an Ontological Model to Support the Care of Patients
with Alzheimer's Disease
- Authors: Laura-Daniela Lasso-Arciniegas, César-Jesús Pardo-Calvache, Raúl Mazo
  Abstract: The World Health Organization declared Alzheimer's disease and its care a global public health priority in 2021 due to its complexity and development, which affects the patient and their caregiver. Alzheimer's symptoms worsen daily, so the patient must have 24/7 care; between responsibilities, the caregiver must deal with arduous tasks, from bathing the patient to managing the behavioral symptoms. By carrying out a systematic mapping, it was possible to identify that, despite the profuse information about Alzheimer's and its care, there is no concise source of information that allows the development of integrated systems that support the care of patients with Alzheimer's. This paper is presented OntoCaimer, which is an ontology that synthesizes the recommendations and preventive actions for most of the symptoms of the different stages of Alzheimer's. OntoCaimer integrates concepts related to sensors, actuators, and measurement, making it possible to use it as a basis for the development of systems that support patient care digitally through alerts or with the use of actuators to support patient care. OntoCaimer allows automating a group of variables associated with recommendations or preventive actions such as weight, environment, and feeding schedules, among others, which would support patient care, reduce caregiver tasks, and serve as a knowledge base for the scientific community and the development of systems that implement electronic systems or simulations before their implementation.
  PubDate: 2023-01-31
  Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 63 (2023)