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Journal of Education, Health and Sport
Number of Followers: 3  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 2391-8306 - ISSN (Online) 1429-9623 Published by Radom University  [1 journal]
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- The role of B lymphocytes in selected rheumatological and neurological
diseases
Authors: Julia Zarańska, Arkadiusz Aab, Marta Miejska-Kamińska, Filip Kamiński, Adriana Liszka
Abstract: Introduction: B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immune response. They play a crucial role in the development of the immune response and are essential in preventing infections as well as autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. They also constitute an important therapeutic target and are used in genetic and immunological therapies. In some cases, B cells can contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the diverse role of B lymphocytes in selected rheumatic and neurological diseases using available scientific literature. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted using Pubmed and Google Scholar databases from 2009-2023. The research strategy was based on the following terms: B lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, central nervous system damage, optic neuritis, Devic's syndrome. Conclusion: B lymphocytes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many rheumatic and neurological diseases, therefore they represent a target for modern therapies. Their role and potential use are complex and differ depending on the specific disease entity. Further research will allow for the development of new targeted therapies, giving hope for improving the effectiveness of patient treatment.
PubDate: 2023-06-06
DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2023.38.01.003
Issue No: Vol. 38, No. 1 (2023)
- The influence of phytoestrogens on alleviating symptoms associated with
menopause
Authors: Wiktoria Kotusiewicz, Nikola Siekierko, Maja Żołnierek, Mateusz Lewandowski, Ewa Gacoń, Julita Zembala, Brygida Zapała, Aldona Ząber, Jakub Kucharski, Jakub Świętochowski
Pages: 11 - 22
Abstract: Introduction and purpose. Menopause causes complaints such as hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems and vaginal dryness. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is an effective treatment option for women with moderate to severe symptoms. In women who are unable to undergo HRT, plant-based preparations containing phytoestrogens can be used as an alternative. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the effectiveness of phytoestrogen supplementation. State of knowledge. Phytoestrogens are natural compounds structurally similar to estrogens, such as estradiol. They are divided into different classes, including isoflavones and lignans. Isoflavones, including genistein, found in soy products, cause a significant reduction in the severity of hot flashes, as well as improvements in vaginal dryness and sexual function. Lignans, found in flaxseed, sesame seeds and whole grains, have effects similar to endogenous estrogens, but studies to date have not shown significant efficacy of this group of substances in reducing menopausal symptoms. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring compound found in grapes and berries, has a weak estrogenic effect, whereby several clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of resveratrol supplementation in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Conclusions. Phytoestrogens have been shown to alleviate some symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats, and may also have positive effects on bone density and cognitive abilities. Effects may vary depending on the source, dose and duration of treatment. There are also potential risks associated with their use, for which reason more research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and safety.
PubDate: 2023-06-19
DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2023.38.01.001
Issue No: Vol. 38, No. 1 (2023)
- Helicobacter pylori treatment - a review
Authors: Kamil Hurkała, Dominika Antonik, Barbara Denys, Karolina Góra, Wojciech Zdziennicki, Patryk Zimnicki, Konrad Iberszer, Maria Litwiniuk, Marcin Zaniuk
Pages: 23 - 32
Abstract: In this review, current methods of treating Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection are discussed. H. pylori is one of the most common pathogens causing gastrointestinal discomfort. It is considered a major cause of peptic ulcer disease, stomach and duodenal cancer, and MALT lymphoma. The authors analyzed the results of clinical studies regarding the efficacy of various treatment regimens, such as quadruple therapy, triple therapy, therapy with probiotics, therapy with the addition of phytochemical compounds, and therapy with a single drug. In addition, indications for eradication therapy were discussed. The conclusions of the review indicate the need for an individualized approach to the treatment of H. pylori infection, taking into account the rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance and patient risk factors for eradication.
PubDate: 2023-06-21
DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2023.38.01.002
Issue No: Vol. 38, No. 1 (2023)
- Current state of knowledge on the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in various
medical conditions
Authors: Zuzanna Lubczyńska, Jakub Przeradzki, Aleksandra Borycka, Maria Kotulska, Martyna Lichman, Barbara Jędrzejewska, Paulina Laskus, Zofia Potocka, Nikola Siekierko, Maja Żołnierek
Pages: 50 - 63
Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
Cannabis sativa contains hundreds of compounds, referred to as cannabinoids. Two most prevalent are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD). CBD is non-psychoactive substance that has recently gained attention in lay press and in medical research. Aim of this study is to review evidence-based data on safety, effectiveness and applicability of CBD in various medical conditions in order to provide healthcare professionals with information that may be useful in their practice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In April 2023, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that included phrases “CBD” or “cannabidiol”, and related phrases. In the review, only studies that used well-established research methods were included.
RESULTS
CBD is an effective novel treatment option in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex and Dravet syndrome. Data supporting CBD’s applicability in anxiety, Parkinson’s Disease, schizophrenia, insomnia, pain, autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis and as an anti-aging agent is promising, but more research on bigger groups of patients is needed to establish its role in modern medicine.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of CBD is associated with risks of variable dosage, contamination and adulteration. At present, there is a need of more research to establish effective and safe doses of CBD. Clinicians need to monitor new data from ongoing CBD trials, but at present there is no hard evidence supporting effectiveness of CBD in various medical conditions, apart from epilepsy.
PubDate: 2023-06-07
DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2023.38.01.004
Issue No: Vol. 38, No. 1 (2023)
- Intermittent fasting – a novel approach to treating overweight and
obesity' – meta-analysis and literature review
Authors: Zuzanna Lubczyńska, Yevheniia Popravko, Mateusz Mirosław Lewandowski, Grzegorz Bienia, Maja Żołnierek, Jakub Świętochowski, Nikola Siekierko, Wiktoria Kotusiewicz, Barbara Jędrzejewska, Maria Kotulska
Pages: 64 - 80
Abstract: Introduction
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a form of dietary intervention that includes periods of regular calorie intake alternated with periods of fasting. IF has gained a lot of attention as a potential approach to treating metabolic syndrome-related diseases. Therefore, health care professionals need to be able to provide their patients with evidence-based information on IF. The aim of this article is to review data on effectiveness of IF in weight loss, especially in comparison with calorie restriction. Methods
PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published from 1.01.2017 to 31.12.2022 that included phrases “intermittent fasting” or “alternate day fasting”, “intermittent fasting obesity”, “alternate day fasting obesity”. Intervention studies on obese or overweight patients were included. We excluded studies of short duration and studies that focused on intercurrent medical conditions. In total, 14 articles that suited those criteria were identified. Results
Intermittent fasting induces pronounced metabolic changes in the body due to strict and time-limited restriction of calorie intake and in animal models was proved to prolong lifespan and modulate tumorigenesis and aging. It is a proposed new approach to treating obesity, which is a a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Conclusions
In our study, IF was found as effective, but not superior to calorie restriction in reducing body mass, improving body composition and reducing other cardiometabolic risk factors. Our findings are consistent with other recent systematic reviews. Further research is needed to directly compare various IF regimens and determine patients’ characteristics that may be associated with more successful implementation of intermittent fasting regimens.
PubDate: 2023-06-07
DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2023.38.01.005
Issue No: Vol. 38, No. 1 (2023)
- Knee injuries in volleyball - a review of the articles
Authors: Maciej Zwolski, Krzysztof Puchalski, Zuzanna Szumlas, Konrad Klocek, Bartosz Kostecki, Aleksander Jurek, Łukasz Mrozek, Aleksandra Hajduk
Pages: 81 - 95
Abstract: Introduction and purpose: The aim of this study is to review and analyze scientific research on the topic of volleyball injuries. We attempt to identify the types of injuries that are characterized by increased frequency, diagnostic possibilities, and treatment methods. We believe that this work can support individuals involved in sports and sports medicine personnel in accessing information more quickly and facilitate the direction of further research into preventing injuries among volleyball players. State of Knowledge: Knee injuries are divided into overload and acute injuries. Overload syndromes include degenerative changes to the patellar ligament. Medical history and physical exam suffice for accurate diagnosis. Treatment for jumper’s knee is based mostly on conservative treatment. Meniscus injuries are equally common such as ACL rupture. Not all meniscus injuries require surgery, and the key factor in making a decision is the pattern of tearing and the presence of appropriate vascularization. Conclusions: Based on analyzed studies we assumed that every third serious injury among volleyball players is the knee injury. There is no single preferred method of treatment. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent the progression of the disease. Stretching and eccentric strengthening exercises are recommended in the early stages. Efficiency of platelet-rich plasma injections remains uncertain. Further research is needed to determine the most effective treatment. In acute knee injuries, ACL damage often coexists. Treatment for such injuries typically involves surgical intervention. Arthroscopy is the preferred method. Meniscus repair has a high success rate and enables a rapid return to physical fitness.
PubDate: 2023-06-07
DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2023.38.01.006
Issue No: Vol. 38, No. 1 (2023)
- The features of reactions to acute stress of neuro-endocrine-immune
complex, metabolome, ECG and gastric mucosa in rats with various state of
innate muscular endurance and resistance to hypoxia
Authors: Oksana Melnyk, Ivanna Chendey, Walery Zukow, Oleksandr Plyska, Igor Popovych
Pages: 96 - 128
Abstract: Background. It is known about wide variety of individual reactions to stress explained by genetics factors. On the other hand, it is also known about aerobic fitness variability between individuals. From the above it follows the hypothesis that inter-individual differences in normal conditions determine the characteristics of the body's response to acute stress. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis. Material and methods. The experiment is at 58 rats (28 males) Wistar line. Animals were tested for resistance to hypoxic hypoxia and aerobic muscular performance by swimming test. On the basis of the received data two qualitatively equivalent groups in a ratio 10/48 were formed. After a week of recovery over the next 10 days, one animal remained intact and 5 other rats were exposed to water-immersion and restraint stress. The next day after stress, the ECG recorded and some endocrine, metabolic and immune parameters determined as well as erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa evaluated. Results. Four clusters by hypoxic and swimming tests were created retrospectively: normal resistance to hypoxia and muscular endurance (n=11); moderately reduced resistance to hypoxia and normal swimming test (n=25); drastic increased swimming test and normal hypoxic test (n=3); significantly increased resistance to hypoxia and normal swimming test (n=9). Each cluster is characterized by specific (correctness of classification 100%) post-stress changes in 6 neuro-endocrine, 12 immune, 10 metabolic and 2 ECGs parameters, as well as the index of damage to the gastric mucosa. The swimming test determines the post-stress state of the registered parameters by 63,8%, the hypoxic test - by 57,5%, and taken together - by 79,1%. Conclusion. The post-stress neuro-endocrine, immune and metabolic parameters as well as injuries of myocardium and gastric mucosa in rats are determined significantly by innate muscular endurance and resistance to hypoxia.
PubDate: 2023-06-07
DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2023.38.01.007
Issue No: Vol. 38, No. 1 (2023)
- Diabetic Foot - treatment and prevention - literature review
Authors: Edward Wąsiewicz, Aleksandra Kuźniar, Dominik Szawica, Kamila Fularska, Michał Oleszko, Radosław Bernacki, Piotr Bernacki, Martyna Dutka, Witold Zardzewiały, Fryderyk Sobczak
Pages: 129 - 133
Abstract: Introduction: Diabetic foot is a serious condition affecting large percentage of long term diabetics .Proper diabetic foot treatment, education and prevention can greatly influence quality of life of many diabetics who are at risk of developing this condition. Aim of study: The purpose of the study was to review the latest literature on the most recent diabetic foot treatment, education and prevention. Matherials and methods: A systemic review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and the search was limited to studies published between 2000 and 2023. The search strategy was based on following terms: diabetic foot, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic ulcer, diabetic foot treatment. Results: We found many different studies which show importance of gut microflora in various different ailments and diseases, we have also found many showing factors that influence intestinal microbiota composition. Conclusions: diabetic foot is a severe complication of diabetes that requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Prevention is essential, and patients should be educated on the importance of foot care and blood sugar control.With proper treatment and management, diabetic foot can be prevented and effectively treated.
PubDate: 2023-06-13
DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2023.38.01.008
Issue No: Vol. 38, No. 1 (2023)
