JournalTOCs

Sustainable Agriculture Research
Number of Followers: 6

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1927-050X - ISSN (Online) 1927-0518
Published by CCSE

[43 journals]

Growth and Yield Losses of Roundup Ready Soybean as Influenced by
Micro-rates of 2,4-D
- Abstract: Widespread resistance to glyphosate has made weed control very challenging. In response, new approaches to managing resistant biotypes such as the Enlist E3TM have been developed. This technology allows in-crop use of 2,4-D but there is fear associated with unintentional application of the herbicide (e.g. direct application, tank contamination, or spray drift) to sensitive crops. A study was conducted to evaluate Roundup Ready (RR) soybean growth and yield losses as influenced by 2,4-D [six micro rates of 1/5, 1/10, 1/50, 1/100, 1/500 and 1/1000 of the 1,120 g ae ha-1 label recommended dose, and a check with no herbicide applied] applied at V2, R1 and R2 growth stages. In general, RR soybean was more sensitive to 2,4-D at R1 than V2 and R2. The highest 2,4-D rate, 1/5 of the label recommended rate, caused 51% soybean injury symptom, 13 d canopy closure delay, 41.2% plant height reduction, and 68.9% yield loss at R1. Based on effective dose (ED) estimates, 37.7 g ae ha-1 2,4-D caused 5% yield loss (0.23 Mg ha-1) at R1 compared with a 2.5- and 2.0-fold higher dose at V2 and R2, respectively. With respect to number of days to canopy closure, both reproductive stages (R1 and R2) were equally less sensitive to 2,4-D than the vegetative one (V2) as the plants had already achieved maximum growth recorded. On the other hand, ED estimates for plant height have shown that both V2 and R2 were equally more sensitive to 2,4-D than R1. Altogether, these results clearly indicated that RR soybean growth and yield losses were significantly influenced by 2,4-D.
  PubDate: Wed, 10 Nov 2021 02:26:34 +000
Factors Affecting Weight Gain in Nelore Calves from Birth to Weaning in
the Bolivian Tropic
- Abstract: Retrospective data corresponding to the period between 2002 and 2018 were used, belonging to the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacaní, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Data corresponding to 663 male and female calves born to primiparous and multiparous cows were used. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. Variables used: Date of birth, Calf live weight at birth in kg, Calf live weight at weaning in kg, Average daily gain in kg, Live weight of cow in kg, Number of calving of cows.The mean values and standard deviations of the weights at birth were 35.1 ± 4.6 kg for males and 32.3 ± 4.7 kg for females, at 240 days (weaning) the weight of the males was 229 ± 35.8 kg and for females 206 ± 31.5 kg. The mean values and standard deviations of the weight increases were 0.807 ± 0.14 kg for males and 1.0 ± 0.13 kg for females. The selected model with the regressor variables: Year, Sex of the calf, Number of calving and Live Weight at Birth, all significant (p ≤0.001). No interaction was significant to be considered in the model (p≥0.05). The live weight at birth, the sex, the years and the number of deliveries of the mothers showed in this work and for the animals analyzed to be the factors affecting the increase in live weight in the rearing stage (from birth to weaning) in Nelore calves in the Bolivian tropics.
  PubDate: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 01:22:27 +000
Financial Analysis of Water Management Practices in Cranberry Production
in Quebec, Canada
- Abstract: At a global scale, Canada is the second largest cranberry producer, with Quebec being the largest producing region within Canada. Efficient water use in agricultural production has long been a topic of outmost importance to agricultural producers, and governing bodies. The immediacy of climate change effects sped up the need to find solutions that conserve water. One such promising technology is irrigation using real-time tensiometers, which provides rapidly critical irrigation needs information to producers. Adoption of improved technologies by farmers is dependent on the effect it has on the farms’ bottom line. In this study, we examine the financial performance of real-time tensiometer based irrigation, and compare it to evaporation needs based irrigation (baseline), in the context of a Quebec-based cranberry farm. Our findings show that irrigating using real-time tensiometers technology generated higher economic returns. With a net present value of $96,847, this technology increased returns by nearly 53% compared to the baseline technology. Subsequent sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, even when changing important farming parameters.
  PubDate: Thu, 28 Oct 2021 01:51:39 +000
Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Responses to Different Sources and
Application Rates of Hydrothermal Carbonization Processed Liquid
- Abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization processed liquid (HTCPL) is a by-product of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, which is used sparingly as natural fertilizer. A study was performed in the Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University (Canada) between June 2019 and April 2020 to evaluate the elemental composition of HTCPL derived from three different biomass feedstock; namely, seafood compost; buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and willow (Salix babylonica). Different HTCPL application rates (0-10%) were tested on seed germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), pac choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Elemental composition was higher in the HTCPLs compared to their respective feedstocks except for nitrogen. The 5% and 10% willow HTCPL with a pH between 3.8-4.0 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth compared to the other treatments with a pH range between 4.6-5.8. Kale, lettuce and sunflower radicle and hypocotyl growth were promoted following treatments of their respective seeds with seafood compost HTCPL while pea radicle and hypocotyl lengths were best promoted by 5% buckwheat and 10% seafood compost HTCPLs. Comparatively, 0.5% willow HTCPL increased surface area of seedling radicles while 1% willow and 0.5% buckwheat HTCPLs increased surface area of hypocotyls, irrespective of plant species. The distinction among the treatments was demonstrated on a 2-dimensional principal component analysis biplot that explained 89% of the variations in dataset. Overall, buckwheat HTCPL proved to be more effective at increasing seed germination and seedling growth compared to the other HTCPLs. The inhibitory effect of willow HTCPL at high application rate (5-10%) were obvious for all plant species. A comprehensive non-targeted chemical profile of HTCPL will help to explain mechanisms.
  PubDate: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 03:02:07 +000